• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.398-400
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• 2013

2012년 말 아날로그 TV의 종료와 함께 기존의 아날로그 TV에서 사용하고 있는 채널들이 유휴 대역으로 존재한다. 현재 비교적 많은 유휴 상태로 있는 대역을 효율적으로 사용하기 위한 논의가 지속적으로 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 차세대 방송서비스를 위한 주파수 재분배 방법에 대해서 분석하였다. 차세대 방송 서비스는 역호환성(Backward Compatibility)이 보장되어야 한다고 가정하고, 현재 구성 되어있는 다중 주파수 망(MFN : Multi Frequency Network)의 한계와 이를 극복할 수 있는 방법에 대해서 기술하였다. 단일 주파수 망(SFN : Single Frequency Network)의 구성이 가능 한 경우, 현재 서비스 중인 HDTV 방송 서비스와 차후 제공할 수 있는 차세대 방송 서비스를 동시에 제공할 수 있도록 주파수 분배 안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.2
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• pp.40-49
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• 1996

In this paper, we studied channel assignment and handover schemes for the indoor microcell systems. For efficient frequency spectrum reuse we proposed the high quality reassignment (HQR) scheme. Proposed HQR scheme tries to keep the reuse distances small by monitoring C/I of channels being used. To assign a channel for a new or handove call, the scheme checks C/I of all available channels. Then HQR assigns the channel that has C/I near the threshold value, A_TH. The scheme also checks C/I of ongoing calls and continuously reassigns a new channel when needed. It attempts handover not only when C/I gets below a handover threshold value, HO_TH, but also when C/I becomes above a high quality reassignment threshold, H_TH. The performance of the proposed HQR scheme was analyzed by a computer simulation configuraed. The performance of the scheme was also analyzed for various threshold values selected and the results are presented in this paper. The results show that HQR scheme perfomrs better than the scheme adopted for DECT.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.182-187
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• 2009

When we assign frequency resources to a new radio service, the existing services need not to be interfered with by the new service. Therefore, when we make a frequency assignment, a guard band is necessary to separate adjacent frequency bands so that both can transmit simultaneously without interfering with each other. In this paper, we propose an efficient frequency guard band decision rule for avoiding interference between radio services. The guard band is established based on the probability of interference in the previously arranged scenario. The interference probability is calculated using the spectrum engineering advanced Monte Carlo(MC) analysis tool(SEAMCAT). After applying the proposed algorithm to set up the frequency guard band, we can decide on the guard band appropriately because the result satisfies the predefined criterion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.415-418
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• 2009

Concerned with ambiguous stereochemistry assignment of natural (+)-glabridin, absolute configurations of (${\pm}$)-glabridin enantiomers were studied with synthetic glabridin. Synthetic glabridin enantiomers were separated by semi-preparative Sumi-chiral column chromatography, and characterized by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy. Three-dimensional molecular structure of glabridin was obtained as equatorial Ph-3 half chair chroman ring from semi-empirical PM3 calculation, and refined by coupling constants in $^1H$ NMR spectrum. Finally, absolute configurations of two enantiomers were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy based on the empirical helicity rules. Absolute configuration of natural (+)-glabridin was confirmed as (R)-glabridin, as known.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

In this paper, the new location management scheme based on region and movement threshold has been proposed in order to minimize the required cost to handle the resource location management signaling traffics under the wire/wireless convergent networks when the users are moving around the cold and hot regions. In this scheme, the sequential paging is supposed to be performed according to the movement threshold which can be changed in accordance with the number of movements that each mobile user had made while it is moving around the resource regions. With the proposed scheme, the cost of managing the location management traffics and efficient spectrum assignment overhead can be minimized by placing signaling traffics for location managements and also allocating radio spectrum considering individual movement behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine(HHL) is widely used as a substrate of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) cleaving the neurotransmitter angiotensin(I) to the octapeptide angiotensin(II). The structure of the substrate molecules should provide information regarding the geometric requirements of the ACE active site. For the purpose of determination of in vivo reaction, metallo(Cu, Zn)-HHL complexes were synthesized and the degree of complex formation were identified by MALDITOF, ESI mass spectrometric analysis. Tn addition, the pH-dependent species distribution curves were obtained by potentiometric titration. Nitrogen atoms of imidazole ring and oxygen atom of caboxylate groups in the peptide chain were observed to be participated in the metal complex formation. After purification of complexes further structural characterization were made by utilizing UV-Vis, electrochemical methods and NMR. Complete NMR signal assignments were carried out by using 2D-spectrum techniques COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HETCOR. A complex that two imidazole and carboxylate groups are asymmetrically participating to coordination mode was predicted to the solution-state structure of $Cu(II)-HHL_2$ based on $^{13}C-NMR$ signal assignment and NOE information.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 2002

A new fluoroquinolone (DW-116) with a broad antibacterial spectrum was synthesized by introducing functional fluoropyridyl and methylpyrazine groups on N1, C7 position of quinolone moiety, respectively. $^{1}$H and $^{13}$ C NMR signal assignments and structure were completely elucidated by 2D-NMR methods. Physicochemical properties of products were also investigated. DW-116 is decomposed at 306.9$^{\circ}C$ and the decomposition starts at around 285$^{\circ}C$. The free base form is melt at 280.7$^{\circ}C$ and started to be decomposed immediately. DW-116 has two kinds of polymorphism which is important in drug action but these two plate and rod types have the same solubility in water. However the solubility is quite different in less or polar solvent. The plate type is more soluble in less polar solvent except in dichloromethane.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2008

유비쿼터스 네트워크의 실현을 위하여 다양한 연구가 진행되면, CR (Cognitive Radio) 구성의 연구는 주파수 자원의 효율적인 활용에 관한 연구를 부각시키고 있다. 또한, CR 적용형 소출력 무선기기의 활용에 따른 공유주파수대역의 소요대역폭에 대한 논의와 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역 내에서 혼용되는 통신기기들의 user 수를 만족하는 총 소요대역폭 산출은 더불어 중요한 작업이 되었다. 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역의 총 소요대역폭 산출은 소출력 무선기기의 간섭 회피 기술로 사용되는 Frequency Hopping (FH) 및 Listen Before Talk (LBT) 방식이 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 Cognitive Radio (CR) 기반의 LBT 방식을 사용하는 ZigBee와 FH 방식을 사용하는 DCP, RFID, Bluetooth 등의 소출력 무선기기가 공통으로 사용하는 주파수 대역에 공존할 경우를 가정하고, 대기행렬이론 (Queuing Theory)을 적용하여 소요대역폭 산출을 수행했다. 채널수 별 user의 통신시도에 따른 throughput을 분석한 결과, throughput 84% 이상의 조건에서 FH 및 LBT 방식을 사용하는 250mW 소출력 무선기기들이 공존하는 공유주파수대역의 적정 채널수는 35개를 가지며, 총 소요대역폭은 채널수와 채널대역폭의 곱으로 산출이 가능함을 보였다. 이러한 접근방법은 다른 통신시스템의 소요대역폭 산출에도 유용할 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.3037-3054
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• 2013

Interference between primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) transceivers should be mitigated in order to implement underlay spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks (CRN). Considering this scenario, an improved joint subcarrier and bit allocation scheme for cognitive user with primary users' cooperation (PU Coop) in CRN is proposed. In this scheme, the optimization problem is formulated to minimize the average interference power level at the PU receiver via PU Coop, which guarantees a higher primary signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) while maintaining the secondary user total rate constraint. The joint optimal scheme is separated into subcarrier allocation and bit assignment in each subcarrier via arith-metric geo-metric (AM-GM) inequality with asymptotical optimization solution. Moreover, the joint subcarrier and bit optimization scheme, which is evaluated by the available SU subcarriers and the allocated bits, is analyzed in the proposed PU Coop model. The performance of cognitive spectral efficiency and the average interference power level are investigated. Numerical analysis indicates that the SU's spectral efficiency increases significantly compared with the PU non-cooperation scenario. Moreover, the interference power level decreases dramatically for the proposed scheme compared with the traditional Hughes-Hartogs bit allocation scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.5253-5270
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• 2016

With device-to-device (D2D) communications, an inactive user terminal can be utilized as a relay node to support multi-hop communication so that connective experience of the cell-edge user as well as the capacity of the whole system can be significantly improved. In this paper, we investigate the spectrum sharing for a cooperative relay assisted D2D communication underlying a cellular network. We formulate a joint relay selection and channel assignment problem to maximize the throughput of the system while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) requirements of cellular users (CUs) and D2D users (DUs). By exploiting coalition formation game theory, we propose two algorithms to solve the problem. The first algorithm is designed based on merge and split rules while the second one is developed based on single user's movement. Both of them are proved to be stable and convergent. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.