• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.331-344
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• 2011

The well-conserved NBS domain of resistance (R) genes cloned from many plants allows the use of a PCR-based approach to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs). In this study, we isolated an RGA (CapRGC) from Capsicum annuum "CM334" using a PCR-based approach. This sequence encodes a protein with very high similarity to Rx genes, the Potato Virus X (PVX) R genes from potato. An evolutionary analysis of the CapRGC gene and its homologs retrieved by an extensive search of a Solanaceae database provided evidence that Rx-like genes (eight ESTs or genes that show very high similarity to Rx) appear to have diverged from R1 [an NBS-LRR R gene against late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from potato]-like genes. Structural comparison of the NBS domains of all the homologs in Solanaceae revealed that one novel motif, 14, is specific to the Rx-like genes, and also indicated that several other novel motifs are characteristic of the R1-like genes. Our results suggest that Rx-like genes are ancient but conserved. Furthermore, the novel conserved motifs can provide a basis for biochemical structural. function analysis and be used for degenerate primer design for the isolation of Rx-like sequences in other plant species. Comparative mapping study revealed that the position of CapRGC is syntenic to the locations of Rx and its homolog genes in the potato and tomato, but cosegregation analysis showed that CapRGC may not be the R gene against PVX in pepper. Our results confirm previous observations that the specificity of R genes is not conserved, while the structure and function of R genes are conserved. It appears that CapRGC may function as a resistance gene to another pathogen, such as the nematode to which the structure of CapRGC is most similar.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the genetic variations and intraspecific relationships between 9 individuals of Panax ginseng C.A Meyer by using RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. The 34 primers out of 40 random primers were amplified for all tested plants. The 48 (40%) among 244 bands derived from 34 primers shown polymorphism, and the 72 (64%) rest of bands showed similar forms. By regional groups Sangju and Andong samples located in Kyungsang buk-do showed a high similarity. However, Punggi located in Kyungsang buk-do showed higher similarity with Jinan's of Junla buk-do. In this way, it did not show that Panax ginseng from the same area has similarities. In future study we need to more specific molecular phylogenetic analysis such as AFLP technology and gene sequencing with nuclear chloroplast DNA in all samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.411-419
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• 2019

A comprehensive comparison of fatty acid and metabolite profiles in 8 species of perilla seeds harvested from Korea and China was carried out to understand the correlation between cultivation conditions and the quality of perilla seeds. Metabolomic studies revealed that the perilla seeds were distinct from each other, based on the partial least squares -discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots; 23 compounds including metabolites, fatty acids, and phytosterols that predominantly contributed to this interspecies difference were identified. Changes in the growth environment affected these compounds. In particular, phenolic compounds were affected by rainfall and temperature. Moreover, temperature and altitude showed negative and positive correlations, respectively, to oleic acid. Although more studies on the effect of various environmental factors on cultivation of perilla plants as well as their seeds are needed, the present results provide information that would be useful in identifying perilla seeds produced in specific regions and in the cultivation of good quality perilla.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2009

Sambucus pendula Nakai, which is an endemic on Ulleung Island of Korea, is characterized by a large pendulous inflorescence and small fruit. A set of 256 individuals were used to investigate the patterns of intraspecific variation of S. racemosa subsp. kamtchatica, S. racemosa subsp. sieboldiana, and S. williamsii including S. pendula using PCA (principal components analysis). This analysis showed that S. pendula was distinct based on its large inflorescence and long peduncle. Our data showed a morphological distinction between subsp. kamtchatica from northeastern areas and subsp. sieboldiana from Jeju Island, but the two taxa overlap in the southern and eastern parts of Korea in terms of chromosome number, color of style, and allozyme data. Our study agrees that S. pendula on Ulleung Island may be the result of genetic drift that occurred during isolation since the Quarternary period. This has been suggested as a reason for the genetic differences observed between two taxa and would explain the unique variation patterns of S. pendula. However, the morphological differentiation between the S. racemosa complex and S. pendula is not considered sufficient to warrant recognition of specific status. Therefore, we recommend that only one polymorphic species of S. racemosa in Eurasia be recognized and that S. pendula be considered a subspecies of S. racemosa.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 1995

Effects of lime application levels(0, 10, 50, 100, and 300kg/10a) on three alfalfa cultivars(Dekalb brand 120, Pike, Pioneer brand 5929) were analyaed with respect to the growth, dry matter yield, and inorganic composition of the plants at three cutting periods. Major chemical properties of the soils were also analyzed. Response of the plant height to the lime application level was variable among the cultivars, showing the order of 50>100>300>10>0kg/10a in Dekalb brand 120, 50>100>10>300>0kg/10a in Pike, and 10>50>300>0>100kg/10a in Pioneer brand 5929. The order of dry matter yield response to the lime application level was 50>300>100>10>0kg/10a in Dekalb brand 120, 50>10>300>100>0kg/10a in Pike, and 50>100>10>0>300kg/10a in Pioneer brand 5929. Total dry matter yields at 50kg/10a lime application level were higher than those at any other levels in all the cultivars. Neither a specific pattern nor a significant change in inorganic composition of the plant was found for the lime application levels and cutting times, Soil chemical properties and composition remained with little change after the experiment except the soil pH, which was increased with the lime application level.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.339-355
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• 2021

Aphids can damage plants directly by absorbing their phloem sap and indirectly by transferring plant viruses and causing sooty mold. We compared the thermal effect on the development, survivorship, and reproduction of four cereal crop-damaging aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi, Aulacorthum solani, Aphis craccivora, and Acyrthosiphon pisum using a life table analysis method. We investigated the stage-specific development period, survivorship, adult longevity, and fecundity of the above mentioned four aphids at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively, and analyzed their life table parameters using the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. A. solani nymphs could not complete their development to adulthood at 30℃. The intrinsic increase rate of R. padi was the highest at all tested temperatures except for that at 15℃ (0.12, 0.34, 0.47, and 0.32 at 10, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively), and that of A. pisum displayed negative values at 30℃ (-0.04). It is speculated that R. padi would be a dominant species under high temperature conditions and A. solani is a highly adaptive species at low temperatures through the comparative analysis of the life table parameters of four aphid species damaging to cereal crops.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.507-514
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• 2021

Lentinula edodes have been cultivated extensively not only in South Korea but also in other Asian countries. In terms of taste and nutrition, it is a valuable mushroom that is comparable to other mushrooms. L. edodes contains various physiologically active compounds that promote human health. One compound, ergothioneine, exerts a powerful antioxidant function that inhibits cellular senescence. As it is not biosynthesized by plants or animals, L. edodes is very important for ergothioneine supply. The L. edodes cultivars Bambithyang (NIFoS 3404) and Sansanhyang (NIFoS 3420) of the National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS) had higher ergothioneine content than the other cultivars, and 11 strains were obtained using mono-mono hybridization between them. The strains were inoculated into sawdust media to obtain fruiting bodies, and the ergothioneine content of each hybrid strain was confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Among the 11 strains, NIFoS 5108 had a higher ergothioneine content than the parental strains, Bambithyang (NIFoS 3404) and Sansanhyang (NIFoS 3420). This study revealed that it is possible to develop cultivars with improved specific functions using mono-mono hybridization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Risk assessment and analysis for a medium-to-small sized chemical plant that manufactures a polyester resin by the process of batch-type condensation reaction was conducted using K-PSR technique which is one of the risk assessment methods used to implement the Process Safety Management System (PSM). K-PSR is a risk assessment technique developed by KOSHA to compensate for difficulties caused by the lack of infrastructure of medium-to-small sized chemical plants in the re-evaluation. To apply the K-PSR technique, the entire process of a selected chemical palnt was classified in two review sections, i.e., the condensation reaction process and the dilution/filtration process, and the potential risks of the process about these review sections were identified and classified based on the four guide-words (release, fire.explosion, process trouble, and injury). As the results of the research, refer to recommend of risk rating has been confirmed that non-destructive testing of old facilities and the preparation of LOTO procedures for the electrical equipments are necessary as specific measures to prevent the risk of release and fire.explosion. It was also shown that pressure gauges and thermometers should be installed on the hot-oil supply piping to minimize the process trouble, and exhausting hood should be installed to prevent potential injury.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.64-69
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to expand the use of coal ash and coal slag in thermal power plants. In addition, controlled low strength materials was developed to prevent mine settlement. Bottom ash and KR slag are mixed at ratio of 7:3 to expand the use of industrial by-products through carbonate reaction and inhibit the exudation of heavy metals. In order to efficiently fill the abandon mine, workability and physical properties were evaluated according to flow. As a result of elution of harmful substance experiment, it was confirmed that the carbonation reaction inhibited the elution of heavy metals. It was confirmed that the difference in water ratio was the difference in specific surface area of the controlled low strength materials. It was confirmed that the working efficiency is excellent when the flowability is 300mm compared to 260mm. compressive strength measurement result was relatively high at 260mm compared to 300mm because the number of pores due to decrease of water ratio was small.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2019

The forest management paradigm has recently shifted from focusing on commercial production to focusing on ecosystem management. Accordingly, a natural seedling regeneration method that has a naturally high affinity has attracted much attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among various environmental factors, lower stratum vegetation, and seedling regeneration in Pinus densiflora forests. The survey site comprised 50 sectors divided using the line transect method, and the survey data were divided into those from wet habitat (19 sites) and dry habitat (31 sites), depending on the soil humidity, and were analyzed separately to show the close relationship between soil humidity and natural seedling regeneration. As a result, the dry habitat exhibited high seedling density (157,419 trees/ha), with the main species being Quercus serrata, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Smilax china, and Pueraria lobata, while wet habitat exhibited low seedling density (57,895 trees/ha), with the main species being Stephanandra incisa, Castanea crenata, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lysimachia barystachys, Aralia elata, and Styrax japonicus. The height and root-collar diameter under wet conditions exhibited faster growth than those under dry conditions. Height growth by the root-collar diameter in dry habitat increased faster than that in wet habitat. It was also confirmed that seedling regeneration in wet habitat exhibited a rapid growth pattern 5 years after germination. These results suggest that the seedlings begin to grow more rapidly after a period of suppression by competition with surrounding plants. Considering an ecosystem or ecological management approach, specific practices, such as bush control and vine clearing in wet habitats, should be more intensively conducted, especially at the beginning of the management operations.