• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2006

An isolate of Peanut stunt virus (PSV) isolated from black locust tree (Robinia pseudo-acacia L.) showing severe mosaic and malformation symptoms, was designated as PSV-Rp. PSV-Rp was characterized by the tests of host range, physical properties, RNA and coat protein composition and RT-PCR analysis. Nucleotide sequences of the cucumoviruses CP genes were also used for identification and differentiation of PSV-Rp. Six plant species were used in the host range test of PSV-Rp. PSV-Rp could be differentiated from each Cucumovirus strain used as a control by symptoms of the plants. The physical properties of PSV-Rp virus were TIP $65^{\circ}C$, DEP $10^{-3}$, and LIP $2{\sim}3$ days. In dsRNA analysis, PSV-Rp consisted of four dsRNAs, but satellite RNA was not detected. Analysis of the coat proteins by SDS-PAGE showed one major protein band of about 31 kDa. RT-PCR using a part of Cucumovirus RNA3 specific primer amplified ${\sim}950bp$ DNA fragments from the crude sap of virus-infected black locust leaves. RFLP analysis of the RT-PCR product could differential PSV-RP from CMV The nucleotide sequence identity between the PSV-Rp CP and the TAV-P CP genes and the PS-V-RP CP and CMV-Y CP genes were 61.6% and 40.5%, respectively. On the other hand, the nucleotide sequence identity of the PSV-Rp CP gene was $70.9%{\sim}73.4%$ in comparison with those of PSV subgroup I (PSV-ER and PSV-J) and 67.3% with that of PSV subgroup II(PSV-W). Especially, the nucleotide sequence identity of PSV-Rp CP gene and that of PSV-Mi that was proposed recently as the type member of a novel PSV subgroup III was 92.4%.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.269-278
• /
• 2008

Ripe rot was frequently observed on fruits, leaves and stems of grape growing in eight locations in Korea from 2004 to 2006. All 30 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from lesions of the ripe rot on grape plants. Out of the isolates, 19 isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum and the others as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Inter and intra specific variations of the Colletotrichum spp. isolates were investigated using RAPD and sequences of rDNA ITS and $\beta$-tubulin-2. Isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were distinctly differentiated by molecular analyses. Phylogenetic trees of ITS and$\beta$-tubulin-2 showed that Korean isolates of C. acutatum were clustered into groups A2 and A3 among the eight global groups. A2 included non-chromogenic isolates and A3 chromogenic ones. Both C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates were tested for pathogenicity to grape leaves. All isolates tested induced lesions on the leaves of grape by artificial inoculation. There was no difference in pathogenicity between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates. This is the first report that C. acutatum except C. gloeosporioides causes grape ripe rot in Korea.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 1994

Some of the important and vital roles performed by the Health Care Center of Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.(POSCO) are the periodic monitoring of the work sites as well as regular medical check-ups for each workers to ensure both pleasant and safe working conditions and to protect employees' health. Pohang Steel Works, which has 42 plants, 26 facilities and 12,000 employees, has an annual crude steel production capacity of 9,670,000 using 24,500,000 ton of raw materials. We have measured lots of areal and personal working environment according to Occupational Safety and Health Law semiannually. All data collected on industrial hygiene is stored and managed by personal computer. The developed of a computerized industrial hygiene control system linked to the company's main computer system will provide efficient evaluation of the working environment as well as critical informations on employees' health. Development of this system had begun in May, 1992 and was completed in March, 1994. The computerized industrial hygiene control system can; 1. store industrial hygiene data, providing key pertinent to the diagnosis of occupational related illnesses, and if necessary, the basis for improving the working environment, 2. decide type and time of medical examination of each work for exposure to specific agents, and supply proper protection periodically, 3. prevent occupational related illnesses through evaluation of environmental and biological monitoring, and performance of epidemiological surveillance, 4. facilitate proper job placement through linking of industrial hygiene control and personnel information systems, 5. monitor job processes. levels of chemical agents used, and new agents introduced, 6. and increase productivity by saving time resulting from the implementation of the computerized sysyte,

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2011

The cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) are the superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenase enzymes, found throughout all nature including mammals, plants, and microorganisms. Mammalian P450 enzymes are involved in oxidative metabolism of a wide range of endo- and exogenous chemicals. Especially P450s involved in drug metabolisms are important for drug efficacy and polymorphisms of P450s in individuals reflect differences of drug responses between people. To study the functional differences of CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP4A11 variants, we cloned the four CYP2A6, three CYP2D6, and three CYP4A11 variants, which were found in Korean populations, in mammalian expression vector pcDNA by PCR and examined their expressions in COS-7 mammalian cells using immunoblots using P450 specific polyclonal antibodies. Three of four CYP2A6, two of three CYP4A11, and two of three CYP2D6 variants showed expressions in COS-7 cells but the relative levels of expressions are remarkably different in those of each variants. Our findings may help to study and explain the differences between functions of CYP variants and drug responses in Korean populations.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 1995

Petunia hybrida와 Nicotiana sanderae의 원형질체를 융합하여 체세포잡종식물을 얻고자 융합산물의 배양에 의해 얻은 개체들에 대해 유전분석을 하였다. 재분화 개체중 융합된 것으로 인정되는 개체의 peroxidase pattern은 두 모본의 band를 모두 가진 개체(A-D patterns)에서 나타난 band중 p. hybrida에서 나타난 band 이외에 최상부에 1개의 band가 추가되었는데 이는 융합을 판별할 수 이는 중요한 marker 로서 가능성이 있으며, aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme pattern은 두 모본의 양상이 모두 나타나거나 N. sanderae의 상부 band가 소실된 개체도 있었다. 염색체 검경에서 P.hybrida는 2n=14, M sanderae는 2n=18개로 나타났으며, 동위효소검정에서 체세포 잡종일 것으로 추정되는 개체들은 2n=32-36으로 나타났다. 표현형 관찰에서 체세포잡종으로 인정되는 개체의 형태적 특징은 두 모본의 중간형태를 나타내었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2005

With the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms, which were resistant to free chlorine, the significant attention to the necessity of powerful alternative disinfection methods such as ozone, chlorine dioxide, LTV irradiation to inactivating pathogens has been increased in water treatment. Among these alternative disinfection methods, ozone is well known as strong biocidal method and the usage of ozone is also increasing in Korea. However, in Korea, there has been no report on the quantitative study of Cryptosporidium parvum with ozone and its evaluation in advanced drinking water treatments. This study reports on the methodology for predicting the ozone inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by ozone disinfection in advanced drinking water treatment. The method is based on the fact that a specific inactivation level of microorganisms is achieved at a unique value of ozone exposures, independent of ozone dose and type of water, and quantitatively described by a delayed Chick-Watson model. The required values ${\bar{C}}T$ for 2 log inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum was $6.0mg/L{\cdot}min$ and $15.5mg/L{\cdot}min$ at $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. From this obtained Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation curves and calculated ${\bar{C}}T$ values of advanced drinking water treatment water in Korea with FIA (Flow injection alaysis), we can predict that water treatment plant can achieve a 1.1~1.8 log inactivation and 0~0.4 log inactivation at $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$, respectively. This methodology will be useful for drinking water treatment plants which intend to evaluate the disinfection efficiencies of their ozonation process without full scale test and direct experiments with Cryptosporidium parvum.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.791-799
• /
• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.5703-5707
• /
• 2015

Background: Medicinal plants, especially examples rich in polyphenolic compounds, have been suggested to be chemopreventive on account of their antioxidative properties. Melissa officinalis L. (MO), an aromatic and medicinal plant, is well known in thios context. However, toxicity against cancer cells has not been fully studied. Here, we investigated the selective anticancer effects of an MO extract (MOE) in different human cancer cells. Materials and Methods: a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO was prepared and total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined by colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. MTT assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity of different doses of MOE (0, 5, 20, 100, 250, 500, $1000{\mu}g/ml$) towards A549 (lung non small cell cancer cells), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cells), and PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) cells. Results: Significant (P<0.01) or very significant (P<0.0001) differences were observed in comparison to negative controls at all tested doses ($5-1000{\mu}g/ml$). In all cancer cells, MOE reduced the cell viability to values below 33%, even at the lowest doses. In all cases, $IC_{50}$ values were below $5{\mu}g/ml$. The mean growth inhibition was 73.1%, 86.7%, 79.9% and 77.8% in SKOV3, MCF-7 and PC-3 and A549 cells, respectively. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO possess a high potency to inhibit proliferation of different tumor cells in a dose independent manner, suggesting that an optimal biological dose is more important than a maximally tolerated one. Moreover, the antiprolifreative effect of MO seems to be tumor type specific, as hormone dependant cancers were more sensitive to antitumoral effects of MOE.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.618-624
• /
• 2004

All members of R. glutinosa show the unique characteristic of intrinsic tolerance to paraquat (PQ). Antioxidant enzymes have been proposed to be the primary mechanism of PQ resistance in several plant species. Therefore, the antioxidant enzyme systems of R. glutinosa were evaluated by comparatively analyzing cellular antioxidant enzyme levels, and their responses of oxidative stresses and hormones. The levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), non-specific peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were 7.3-, 4.9-, 2.7- and 1.6-fold higher in PQ-tolerant R. glutinosa than in PQ-susceptible soybeans. However, the activity of catalase (CAT) was about 12-fold higher in the soybeans. The activities of antioxidant enzymes reduced after PQ treatment in the two species, with the exception of POX and SOD in R. glutinosa, which increased by about 40%. Interestingly, the activities of APX, SOD and POX in R. glutinosa, relative to those in soybeans, were further increased by 49, 67 and 93% after PQ treatment. The considerably higher intrinsic levels, and increases in the relative activities of antioxidant enzymes in R. glutinosa under oxidative stress support the possible role of these enzymes in the PQ tolerance of R. glutinosa. However, the relatively lower levels of SOD versus PQ tolerance, and the mixed responses of antioxidant enzymes to stresses and hormones, suggest a possible alternative mechanism(s) for PQ tolerance in R. glutinosa.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2002

Three dominant rocky intertidal macroalgae, the fucoids Fucus gardneri and Pelvetiopsis limitata (Phaeophyta) and the red alga Mazzaella cornucopiae (= Iridaea cornucopiae) on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada were used in a series of field experiments to examine interspecific interactions. These experiments showed complex patterns which included an interchange of negative (inhibition) and positive (facilitation) interactions depending on neighbor distance. Less fucoid recruitment occurred in the plots with greater percent cover of a turfforming red alga, M. cornucopiae. However, experimentally removing Mazzaella turf (the turf was considered to be "blocking" fucoid recruits or "shading" growing recruits) did not increase recruitment. This result indicated that there may be another factor(s) involved in the survivorship of juvenile fucoids in the turf-removed plots. Morphological differences in adult plants between Mazzaella and the two fucoids resulted in another type of interaction; these began when fucoids successfully settled and grew nearby or within the red algal turf. By monitoring microhabitat at the individual plant level for two years, I found that survivorship of fucoid recruits showed different species-specific patterns. The patterns also varied as the microhabitat changed from Mazzaella turf edge to open space. For F. gardneri, longevity of P.limitata at all distances tested was similar. A reason for greater longevity of F. gardneri individuals at edge microhabitats may be that these sites have one side open to light and nutrients and another site that buffers them from desiccation and wave impact. In the Mazzaella-Fucus interaction, neighbor distance was a key factor in determining whether the outcome of the interaction would be competition or facilitation (or protection). This study provides experimental evidence that detectable biological interactions occur in this upper intertidal algal community where physical conditions are usually severe, and also indicates the importance of small scale examination in understanding macroalgal interactions in intertidal habitats.