• Title/Summary/Keyword: specific activity

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Indirect assessment of internal irradiation from tritium decay on Lemna Minor duckweed

  • Ifayefunmi, O.S.;Mirseabasov, O.A.;Synzynys, B.I.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.53 no.6
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    • pp.1991-1999
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    • 2021
  • The response changes of the specific growth rate of Lemna minor duckweed was modeled using the logarithms of frond numbers on tritium activity concentration and gamma radiation dose from cobalt 60. The concept of average specific growth rate depends on the general exponential growth pattern, where toxicity is estimated based on the effect on the growth rate. One of the main questions of the effect of the radiation dose on duckweed is how to correlate the effect of beta radiation with the effect of any other radiation for modeling radiation on Lemna minor. Experimental data were extrapolated by utilizing the OECD guidelines. A linear relationship of absorbed dose and activity concentration was obtained for the average dependency growth rate of Lemna minor as D = (0.1257)·A0.585. The dose rate of gamma irradiation from 60Co increases with tritium activity dependence, on the specific growth rate of the Lemna minor duckweed. An increase in the tritium activity causes a decrease in the specific growth rate of the Lemna minor duckweed. It indicates that as the quantity of the beta radiation dose increase in Lemna minor duckweed, a higher quantity of gamma radiation will be required to cause the same effect in the specific growth rate of Lemna minor duckweed. The relation between the inhibition of the Lemna minor seedling growth and gamma and beta radiation dosage agrees roughly with that between the decrease of survival rate or fertility and dosage.

Activities of scavenging enzymes of oxygen radicals in early maturation stages of Paragonimus westermani (산소 라디칼 관련 효소의 폐흡충 발육 단계별 활성도 변화)

  • 정영배;이희성
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.355-358
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    • 1992
  • In early maturation stages of Paragonimus westermani (metacercariae, 4-, 8-, 12-week old worms), activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, were examined. Specific activity of catalase was the highest in metacercariae and decreasing with age. That of superoxide dismutase was higher in metacercariae and 4-week worms. Specific activity of peroxidase was at its peak in 4-week worms while that of glutathione peroxidase was in 8-week worms. Specific activities of all these antioxidant enzymes were decreased to their lowest in 12-week old adults.

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Effect of Korean Mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the Non-Specific Immune Responses in Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica)

  • Cho, Young-Hye;Choi, Dae-Han;Choi, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2005
  • In the present paper, the immunostimulatory effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) were examined. Eel were innoculated with mistletoe, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control into their peritoneal cavities. The number of nitrobule tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells in the head kidney of fish was significantly increased by the second day post-injection of mistletoe. ROI products were more enhanced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney leucocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 2 days after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. The appropriate concentration of mistletoe to induce the highest level of serum lysozyme activity was revealed to 1000${\mu}g$/200 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assay, mistletoe-sensitized eel kidney phagocytes captured more zymosan than did the control fish. Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel.

Effects on Microbial Activity and Substrate Removal in Industrial Wastewater with Fluoride Content (산업폐수에서 불소함유가 미생물활성도 및 기질제거에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Jung Su;Joo, Hyun Jong;Jin, Oh Suk
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.717-722
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    • 2012
  • Fluoride can be easily found in semiconductor and display industry. However, there is a lack of research for its effects on the related wastewater treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbial inhibitory effect by fluoride injection. The research entailed the assessment of removal efficiency of $TCOD_{Cr}$ according to the fluoride concentration and also the Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate (SOUR) was measured. The laboratory scale reactor was prepared and operated with the fluoride concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L based on concentrations frequently occurring in the wastewater. The results from this study showed that, as the fluoride concentration increase, the Specific Substrate Utilization Rate (SSUR) tend to decrease as expected. Also, the increase in fluoride concentrations resulted in the decrease in SOUR. It is determined that fluoride injection affects the microbial activity. Especially, The addition of above 200 mg/L fluoride into reactor caused rapidly decreased SSUR and SOUR due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride.

Induction of Potent Antigen-specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response by PLGA-nanoparticles Containing Antigen and TLR Agonist

  • Lee, Young-Ran;Lee, Young-Hee;Kim, Ki-Hyang;Im, Sun-A;Lee, Chong-Kil
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.30-33
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    • 2013
  • Previously we showed that biodegradable nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) together with ovalbumin (OVA) were efficient at inducing MHC-restricted presentation of OVA peptides in dendritic cells. The CTL-inducing activities of the nanoparticles were examined in the present study. Nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA were prepared using biodegradable polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), and then were opsonized with mouse IgG. The nanoparticles were injected into the tail vein of mice, and 7 days later the OVA-specific CTL activities were measured using an in vivo CTL assay. Immunization of mice with the nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA elicited potent OVA-specific CTL activity compared to those containing OVA only. In accordance with these results, nanoparticles containing poly-IC or CpG ODN together with OVA exerted potent antitumor activity in mice that were subcutaneously implanted with EG7.OVA tumor cells. These results show that encapsulation of poly-IC or CpG ODN together with antigen in biodegradable nanoparticles is an effective approach for the induction of potent antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo.

A Study on the EMG Activity of Abdominal Muscles with Stable and Unstable Bridging Exercises in Individuals with Healthy Subjects

  • Lee, Jun Cheol
    • Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1077-1083
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stable and unstable bridging exercises on the EMG activity of abdominal muscles. Twenty healthy women participated in this study and the muscle activities of left-right rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) muscles were recorded during 4 bridging exercises (unilateral/ bilateral, stable/unstable). The activity of the right EO muscle was the highest during unilateral exercise in unstable condition, and left EO muscle also produced the same result. The activity of the right IO muscle was the highest during unilateral exercise in an unstable condition, and left IO muscle also produced the same result. The activity of the right RA muscle was the highest during unilateral exercise in a stable condition, and left RA muscle produced the same result. Unstable/unilateral (USUL) represented the highest activity among the 4 exercises. EO/IO muscles represented the highest activity during the USUL exercise, and RA did so during the stable/unilateral exercise. These results suggest that specific posture (USUL) can be administered targeting a specific side of abdominal muscles.

Gamma Radiation Induced Mutagenesis of Lysobacter enzymogenes for Enhanced Chitinolytic Activity

  • Lee, Young-Keun;Kim, Kyoung Youl;Senthilkumar, M.
    • Journal of Radiation Industry
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2010
  • Two chitinase producing strains CHI2 and CHI4 were isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil. Both the strains belonged to Lysobacter enzymogenes as indicated by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Though strain CHI2 and CHI4 produced extracellular chitinase, they differ in their chitinolytic activity. CHI4 produced approximately three times the higher amounts of enzyme than that of CHI2 under specified conditions. CHI2 produced $535.67U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase after 48 h incubation with a specific activity of $3.91U\;mg^{-1}$ of protein while strain CHI4 produced $1584.13U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase with a specific activity of $10.88U\;mg^{-1}$ protein. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitinase enzyme was approximately 45 kDa. A faint band with a molecular weight of 55 kDa reveals the possibility for the presence of another kind of chitin binding protein. Mutant library was developed by exposing the isolates to gamma rays at their $LD_{99}$ value (0.23 kGy). Totally, 11 mutants of CHI2 and CHI4 are reported to have enhanced chitinase activity. Several leaky mutant clones with decreased enzyme activity and a defective mutant (CHI2-M16) with complete loss of chitinase activity were also identified. CHI4-M18, CHI4-M8 and CHI4-M29 showed 78.8, 41.5, and 31.9% increased chitinase activity over wild type CHI4.

The use of SlAdh2 promoter as a novel fruit-specific promoter in transgenic tomato

  • Chung, Mi-Young;Naing, Aung Htay;Vrebalov, Julia;Shanmugam, Ashokraj;Lee, Do-Jin;Park, In Hwan;Kim, Chang Kil;Giovannon, James
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.172-178
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    • 2020
  • Fruit-specific promoters play an important role in the improvement of traits, such as fruit quality through genetic engineering. In tomato, the development of fruit-specific promoters was previously reported, but less attention has been paid to the promoters involved in the fruit development stage. In this study, we characterized the gene expression patterns of tomato alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (SlAdh2) in various tissues of wild-type tomato (cv. Ailsa Craig). Our findings revealed that SlAdh2 expression levels were higher in the developing fruit than in the leaves, stems, and flowers. The ProSlAdh2 region, which is expressed at different stages of fruit development, was isolated from tomato genomic DNA. Following this, it was fused with a β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and introduced into wild-type tomato using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to evaluate promoter activity in the various tissues of transgenic tomato. The ProSlAdh2:GUS promoter exhibited strong activity in the fruit and weak activity in the stems, but displayed undetectable activity in the leaves and flowers. Interestingly, the promoter was active from the appearance of the green fruit (1 cm in size) to the well-ripened stage in transgenic tomatoes, indicating its suitability for transgene expression during fruit development and ripening. Thus, our findings suggest that ProSlAdh2 may serve as a potential fruit-specific promoter for genetic-based improvement of tomato fruit quality.

Significance of Urease Distribution across Helicobacter pylori Membrane

  • Gang, Jin-Gu;Yun, Soon-Kyu;Choi, Kyung-Min;Lim, Wang-Jin;Park, Jeong-Kyu;Hwang, Se-Young
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.317-325
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    • 2001
  • For heuristic purposes, the relative ratio of urease contents inside and outside cells was surveyed using nine ureB+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. the ratio of the enzyme specific activity appeared to vary greatly between the various H. pylori strains, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5. Besides the above compartment, urease was also richly found in the membrane fraction, especially in either peripheral or integral form. The urease distribution across the H. pylori membrane was significantly influenced by the ambient pH; the specific activity of external urease was highest at pH 5.5 with a narrow plateau, whereas the internal specific activity was highest within a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5 with a broad plateau. These finding strongly suggest that H. pylori urease is secretory and responded to the external pH. However, at pH 4.0 or below, no urease activity was detected in either the internal or external compartment, although an increase in the color development with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) was observed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that these phenomena may be related to a specific proteolysis in certain proteins, including urease or ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase. Interestingly, the effect of ammonium ions n alleviating the enzyme inactivation inside the H. pylori cells was remarkably similar to that of D-glucose. In addition, it would appear that the cation acted as a surrogate of not only $Na^+$ but also $K^+$ thereby increasing the H. pylori P-type ATPase activity. This is of great interest, as it implies that the urease action in H. pylori is indispensible at any locus.

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Characterization of Endoglucanase (F-II-II) Purified from Trichoderma sp. C-4 (Trichoderma sp. C-4에서 분리한 endoglucanase(F-II-II)의 특성에 대한 연구)

  • 설옥주;최지영;손영준;신지원;한인섭;정대균;정춘수
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2000
  • One of endoglucanases(F-II-II) was purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp. C-4 through two step procedures including chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and Sephacryl S-100. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 26,000 by SDS-PAGE and the isoelectric point as 8.0 by analytical isoelectric focusing. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was $50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH was 5.0. No loss of activity was observed when the enzyme was preincubated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The specific activity of the enzyme toward carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was estimated to be 776.2 U/mg. The internal amino acid sequence was analysed.

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