• 대기
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.481-495
• /
• 2011

This study is performed to consider the threshold values of heavy rain warning in Korea using 98 surface meteorological station data and 590 Automatic Weather System stations (AWSs), damage data of National Emergency Management Agency for the period of 2005 to 2009. It is in need to arrange new criteria for heavy rain considering concept of rainfall intensity and rainfall damage to reflect the changed characteristics of rainfall according to the climate change. Rainfall values from the most frequent rainfall damage are at 30 mm/1 hr, 60 mm/3 hr, 70 mm/6 hr, and 110 mm/12 hr, respectively. The cumulative probability of damage occurrences of one in two due to heavy rain shows up at 20 mm/1 hr, 50 mm/3 hr, 80 mm/6 hr, and 110 mm/12 hr, respectively. When the relationship between threshold values of heavy rain warning and the possibility of rainfall damage is investigated, rainfall values for high connectivity between heavy rain warning criteria and the possibility of rainfall damage appear at 30 mm/1 hr, 50 mm/3 hr, 80 mm/6 hr, and 100 m/12 hr, respectively. It is proper to adopt the daily maximum precipitation intensity of 6 and 12 hours, because 6 hours rainfall might be include the concept of rainfall intensity for very-short-term and short-term unexpectedly happened rainfall and 12 hours rainfall could maintain the connectivity of the previous heavy rain warning system and represent long-term continuously happened rainfall. The optimum combinations of criteria for heavy rain warning of 6 and 12 hours are 80 mm/6 hr or 100 mm/12 hr, and 70 mm/6 hr or 110 mm/12 hr.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.186-192
• /
• 2002

Special attention has been paid to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for athlete doping control because it stimulates the endogenous production of testosterone and epitestosterone without increasing the T/E ratio which is a doping indicator for the exogenous administration of testosterone. Even though the IOC banned the use of hCG, a detection method has not been decided upon since there are a variety of immunoassay kits available on the market. We evaluated three kits in terms of their performance characteristics. The assay value of the control sample varied depending on the kit, resulting in 198 mIU/ml for the MAIA kit, 172mIU/ml for the IRMA kit, and 143 mIU/ml for the MEIA kit. Considering the IOC inter-lab distribution of results(55-312 mIU/ml) using 27 different kits and the mean value (178$\pm$56 mIU/ml), all three kits are within the range of －15.8% - ＋5.6% of the mean value, which proves them useful for the hCG assay. The MEIA kit resulted in lower hCG values because it detects only intact hCG molecules, in contrast to the other two kits which detect intact hCG and -hCG together. However, it is suitable for screening purposes because of its advantage of being an automated system. When 123 urine samples of athletes were analyzed in 22 batches using this system, the variation of control values fell within $\pm$ 10% of the mean values, and an specimens tested negative with hCG values less than the detection limit of 2 mIU/ml.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.785-794
• /
• 2001

Java 에서 원시 타입과 클래스 타입간에 호환성이 제공되지 않으므로 원시값이 클래스 타입의 변수에 저장되지 못하며, 클래스 타입의 값이 원시 타입 변수에 저장되지 못한다. 객체가 필요한 곳에서 원시값을 사용하기 위해서는 원시 값을 저장하는 래퍼 클래스의 객체 생성이 필요하며, 패러 클래스의 객체에서 저장된 원시 값을 꺼내기 위해서는 특정 메소드를 호출하여야 한다.이러한 불편함과 변환시의 오류를 줄이기 위하여 본 논문에서는 Java의 원시타입과 래퍼 클래스 타입의 호환성 제공을 위한 변환방법을 제안하였다. 원시 타입과 래퍼 클래스 타입간의 호환성 뿐 아니라 원시 타입간의 호환성에 상응하는 래퍼 클래스간의 호환성도 제공하기 위해 래퍼 클래스 계층방법, java.lang.Number 클래스 이용방법, 래퍼 인터페이스 계층방법 등 3가지 변환방법을 제시하였다. 이들 방법의 비교분석과 성능측정을 통하여 래퍼 인터페이스 계층방법이 가장 우수한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 1993

Wilbrink 본뜨기에서 모우드 라킹 현상과 소모적 궤적의 두 경우에 대한 일반화차원 D 하(n)을 수치 해석적으로 계산하였다. 투닝변수 z=0.03, 소모변수 b=0.9, k 하(d)=0.272313668의 값으로 주어진 소모적 Wilbrink 본뜨기에서 모우드 라킹현상의 경우에는 n～20일 때 D 하(-20) =0.924202의 값을 갖으며, 소모적궤적에서는 D 하(-20) =0.63292와 D 하(+20) =1.89877의 값으로 주어진다. 이때의 값들은 n$\longrightarrow$$\infty$감에 따라 Circle 본뜨기의 D 하($\pm$$\infty$) 값들과 근사적으로 일치한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the weight values of evaluation items by traffic safety project type. METHODS : In general, a large-scale investment in projects such as the traffic safety project requires economic analyses to be performed in advance. However, there is an argument for considering special characteristics of the traffic safety project. Therefore, this study conducted characteristic analysis of the weight values of evaluation items. The analysis consisted of two steps. The first step was hypothesis verification using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In this process, the authors examined whether the weight of evaluation items is the same regardless of the traffic safety project type. Based on the first step's results, the authors proceeded to the second step. The objective of this step was to analyze how different the weight values are by traffic safety project type using an analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS : According to the ANOVA test results, the benefit to cost ratios have different weight values based on traffic safety project type at the 0.01 significance level. The policy evaluation items, such as the plans connection, resident opinion, and regional equity, also showed the same results except that the result for the related plans connection was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Based on the first step's result, the AHP analysis in the second step showed that the traffic safety projects for vulnerable users and pedestrians have very low weight values in economic evaluation factors compared with other safety project types. The weight values for vulnerable users and pedestrians were 0.29 and 0.26, respectively, in economic evaluation items. On the other hand, the weight values for other safety project types were around 0.6. Among the policy evaluation items, resident opinion showed a higher weight value than other factors, such as connection and regional equity items. CONCLUSIONS : The social and economic impact of a traffic safety project varies by project type and project characteristics. Although the economic approach is overarching and a reasonable methodology is applied for large-scale projects, it should be noted that the safety issue, especially for transportation of vulnerable uses, requires a non-economical approach. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests that the priority of the projects should be determined by separating them into independent assessment groups depending on their characteristics.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1966

박형석, 안운선과 장세헌이 제안한 액체구조에 관한 천이상태이론을 물에 적용시켜 액체상태에 있는 물의 상태합을 구했다. 이 이론은 액체의 분자가 고체와 같은 자유도, 천이상태의 자유도 및 기체와 같은 자유도를 갖는다는 것이다. 물은 4^{\circ}C$에서 그의 부피가 최소로 되는 등 특유한 성질들을 가졌지만 이 액체이론이 잘 적용된다. 이 이론을 써서 계산한 물의 몰부피, 증가압, 엔트로피, 증발열 및 일정한 압력에서의 비열 그리고 임계점에서의 성질 등은 실측치와의 좋은 일치를 보여준다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 2014

Effects of artificial thermal aging on color variations of various commercial papers (fine paper, coated paper, newsprint and filter paper) were investigated. With thermal aging at $105^{\circ}C$, most of papers showed a special trend in $a^*-b^*$ plane: the $a^*$ (red-green) values of the samples were initially reduced (heading to - $a^*$ side) and after a turning point they increased to +$a^*$ side while the $b^*$(blue-yellow) values were kept increased to +$b^*$ side (yellowing of paper). Different papers had different turning points for $a^*$ value. The filter paper consisted of a pure chemical pulp and the copy paper with OBA (optical brightening agent) showed the latest turing points. In addition, the papers without OBA showed less reduction in brightness compared with that with OBA, suggesting that OBA could adversely influence the brightness stability during thermal aging.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in degree and duration that occur during Valsalva maneuver (VM). Furthermore, we wanted to investigate the patterns and mechanisms of physiological hemodynamic control. Method: Thirty six healthy college students were recruited from Y university. Each participant was provided with written informed consent. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) were continuously recorded using the Finometer. Result: During the phase I of VM, means of systolic and diastolic pressures were increased by 32.15% and 38.28%, respectively, compared with basal values. HR and CO were decreased by 9.91% and 13.01%, respectively. Immediately after the maneuver (phase III), systolic and diastolic pressures were decreased by 5.05% and 6.24%, respectively, compared with those obtained in the phase II. HR and CO were elevated by 13.33% and 11.93%, respectively, compared to the levels of earlier phases. BPs were represented with overshoot in the phase IV, and recovered by baseline values about 20 sec after VM. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that hemodynamic changes are variable in the event of VM even in healthy humans. It will be valuable to accumulate more quantitative hemodynamic information in special populations such as the elderly and the patients with cardiovascular problems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제7권11호
• /
• pp.2737-2753
• /
• 2013

In this study, we propose a novel salient object detection strategy based on regional contrast and relative spatial compactness. Our algorithm consists of four basic steps. First, we learn color names offline using the probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) model to find the mapping between basic color names and pixel values. The color names can be used for image segmentation and region description. Second, image pixels are assigned to special color names according to their values, forming different color clusters. The saliency measure for every cluster is evaluated by its spatial compactness relative to other clusters rather than by the intra variance of the cluster alone. Third, every cluster is divided into local regions that are described with color name descriptors. The regional contrast is evaluated by computing the color distance between different regions in the entire image. Last, the final saliency map is constructed by incorporating the color cluster's spatial compactness measure and the corresponding regional contrast. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms several existing salient object detection methods with higher precision and better recall rates when evaluated using public datasets.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.693-697
• /
• 2009

Physically-based WEPP watershed version was applied to a watershed, located at Jawoon-ri, Gangwon with very detailed rainfall data, rather than daily rainfall data. Then it was validated with measured sediment data collected at the sediment settling ponds and through overland flow. The $R^2$ and the EI for runoff comparisons were 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. For sediment comparisons, the $R^2$ and the EI values were 0.95 and 0.91. Since the WEPP provides higher accuracies in predicting runoff and sediment yield from the study watershed, various slope scenarios (2%, 3%, 5.5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 28%, 30%) were made and simulated sediment yield values were analyzed to develop appropriate soil erosion management practices. It was found that soil erosion increase linearly with increase in slope of the field in the watershed. However, the soil erosion increases dramatically with the slope of 20% or higher. Therefore special care should be taken for the agricultural field with higher slope of 20% or higher. As shown in this study, the WEPP watershed version is suitable model to predict soil erosion where torrential rainfall events are causing significant amount of soil loss from the field and it can also be used to develop site-specific best management practices.