• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 1988

A large number of gold and/or silver-bearing quartz veins occur in or near Mesozoic granite batholith elongated in a NE-SW direction within the Chungcheong Province. Precambrian schists and gneisses, and Jurassic and Cretaceous granitic rocks serve as hosts for gold and/or silver deposits. On the basis of Ag/Au total production and ore grade ratio, 15 mines may be divided into three major groups: gold-dominant deposits, gold-silver deposits, and silver-dominant deposits. The chemical composition of electrum from skarn deposit (Geodo mine), alaskite-type deposit (Geumjeong mine) and 15 vein deposits was summarized. It was found that the Au content of electrum for vein deposits ranging from 5.2 to 86.5 is lower than that for skarn and alaskite deposits. Among 15 vein deposits, the composition of electrum associated with pyrrhotite is relatively high and has a narrow range of 40.8 to 86.5 atomic % Au, but the Au content of electrum with pyrite is in range of 5.2 to 82.8 atomic %, and is clearly lower than that with pyrrhotite. The grouping of ages for these mines indicates that gold and/or silver mineralizations occurred during two periods in the Mesozoic. Daebo igneous activities are restricted to gold mineralization in the range of 158 to 133 Ma, whereas Bulgugsa igneous activities are related to gold and/or silver mineralization ranging from 108 to 71 Ma. Generally speaking, Jurassic gold-dominant veins have many common characteristics; notably prominent association with pegmatites, simply massive vein morphology, high fineness in the ore concentrates, rarity of silver minerals, and a distinctively simple mineralogy, including sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. Although individual deposits exhibit widely differing diversity, Cretaceous gold-silver and silver-dominant veins are characterized by features such as complex vein, low to medium fineness in the ore concentrates and abundance of silver minerals including Ag sulfosalts, Ag sulfides, Ag tellurides and native silver.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 1971

About four hundred deposits of iron, talc, fluorite, tungsten, molybdenum, lead, zinc and other polymetallic mineral deposits were plotted on the Ore Distribution Map of the Ockcheon Geosynclinal Area. These mineral deposits plotted on the map can be divided into the several metallogenic zones by the consideration of their geologic background including the sedimentary and tectonic cycles and the igneous activities in the geosynclinal evolution, as follows: a. Chungju iron and talc zones. b. Cheong-san copper bearing iron sulphide zone c. Kumsan-Muju fluorite-polymetallic zones. d. Cheong-an Puyong and Ein Suckseong gold zone e. Hwang-gan Seolcheon and Sangju gold zones. Chungju iron zone originated in the iron bed in the Kemyongsan Series corresponding to the Pre-Ockcheon Cycle of evolution history. In early period of the Ockcheon Cycle, Hyangsanri quartzite and Munjuri phyllitic formation corresponding to the lower terrigenous sequence were not mineralized while the next sequence of the Samsungsan basic igneous-metamorphic formation and the Changri limestone formation were mineralized by the copper bearing iron sulphide and the fluorite-polymetallic deposits respectively. Two generations of the gold zones are recognized. The earlier generation distributes directionaly in the outside of the Ockcheon sedimentary belt was followed by the earlier grantitic invasion of Jurasic in age, while the later generation scatters at random which was related to the nondirectional Cretaceous granitic intrusion of the Post-Ockcheon Cycle. Conclusively speaking, it was disclosed that the endogenic mineralization in the Ockcheon geosyn clinal zone was not conspicuous in its inner sedimentary belt except its limestone area but in its outer peripheral granitic or gneissic zones, and the related igneous activities occured in the Post-Ockcheon Cycle of evolution history.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the association between oral health and suicide attempts in adults aged 65 years or older using the 7^th Korea National Health and Examination Survey (KHANES, 2016-2018). Methods: Of the total 24,269 participants of the 7^th KHANES (2016-2018), 1,488 adults aged 65 years or older who had an oral health examination were selected. Variations in suicide attempts with demographic characteristics and perceived oral health status were analyzed using the χ² test, and the association between oral health and suicide attempts was analyzed using the logistic regression model. Results: The suicide attempt rate was higher among older adults with chewing (p<0.01) and speaking (p<0.05) difficulties. The odds ratio for a suicide attempt was 1.05 times higher among those with tooth loss (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that older adults with tooth loss had an increased risk of suicide. Thus, it is important to prevent tooth loss, in the first place, through proper oral health management. If tooth loss occurs, appropriate treatment should be prioritized to facilitate functional recovery. Finally, national support is required for older adults with limited access to dental care.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2002

Recently, research and developmental direction of communication system is concurrent adopting voice data and face image in speaking to provide more higher recognition rate then in the case of only voice data. Therefore, we present a method of lipreading in speech image sequence by using the 3-D facial shape model. The method use a feature information of the face image such as the opening-level of lip, the movement of jaw, and the projection height of lip. At first, we adjust the 3-D face model to speeching face Image sequence. Then, to get a feature information we compute variance quantity from adjusted 3-D shape model of image sequence and use the variance quality of the adjusted 3-D model as recognition parameters. We use the intensity inclination values which obtaining from the variance in 3-D feature points as the separation of recognition units from the sequential image. After then, we use discrete HMM algorithm at recognition process, depending on multiple observation sequence which considers the variance of 3-D feature point fully. As a result of recognition experiment with the 8 Korean vowels and 2 Korean consonants, we have about 80% of recognition rate for the plosives md vowels.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out how to improve tourism competitiveness of cruise harbours in Korea by analyzing tourism satisfaction level of international cruise visitors to Korea, who are increasing rapidly as Northeast Asian cruise tourism market is growing up. In this study we analyzed the factors of effects on tourism satisfaction level by Chinese visitors, Japanese visitors and English speaking visitors respectively based on the results of "International Cruise Visitor Survey 2012". The results of this study show that the individual satisfaction level of port of calling & tour schedule, immigration procedures, transportation, shopping influenced overall tourism satisfaction level by countries. It implied that those attributes should be reflected hereafter when we establish a marketing strategy for each of cruise cities. This study has a great significance in that those results suggest useful information when we make plans not only for activating cruise harbours but also for cruise tour marketing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1685-1695
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of linguistic activity on young children's Creativity by applying an linguistic activity, one of the major realm of Project Spectrum, to experimental group. The following research task was established for this study. What effect does the linguistic activity through Project Spectrum on children's Creativity? The participants of this study were 80 of 5-year-old young children in two groups. They were divided and assigned into two groups, an experimental group(26 boys and 14 girls) and a control group(22 boys and 18 girls). While the experimental group was engaged in the Project Spectrums linguistic activities for 15 weeks, the control group was engaged in kindergarten curriculum linguistic activities. It was revealed that Creativity through Project Spectrum of experimental group had much influence on children's linguistic ability than control group in every field (speaking, listening, reading, and writing) by developing and applying detailed criteria for Creativity for this study.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.169-178
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• 2010

Generally speaking, the demolition works is the subsequent construction activity which has been done after building life-span of twenty two years or so. However, it was not prepared suitable systems and laws and regulations as long-term solutions. In this study, it was suggested the improvement guideline of safety management-related laws in domestic demolition works. The three improvement of laws was suggested as follows. ${\bullet}$ First, it was suggested proposals for demolition works standards in safety management plan of management law for construction activity. ${\bullet}$ Secondly, it was provided improvements for standard safety work guide of demolition works of industrial safety and health law. ${\bullet}$ Third, it was proposed integration method of redundancy in safety management plan and risk assessment regulations.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.183-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is mainly to make an analysis and comparison of the purchasing behaviors of consumers in Mainland China and Taiwan. We precede this research with a questionnaire survey. In Mainland China, we targeted consumers of 10 department stores of the Parkson Plaza Co., Ltd. that are located in 10 different cities. In Taiwan, we selected 3 department stores of the Far Eastern Department Stores in 3 cities. The results of this analysis indicate the importance of quality attributes to the consumers for both Mainland China and Taiwan, albeit with some differentiations. The consumers in China are more focused on the merchandise for example as well as imitation, quality and price. Contrarily, the consumers in Taiwan are more attentive to service quality and parking Issues. On the level of evaluation of satisfaction, the differences are not so obvious for both sides. For example, the quality attributes of “No imitation products” and “Friendly servers” are ranked as the most satisfactory items for both sides. Generally speaking, the service quality of Taiwan's department stores is very outstanding. There are also some differences in the areas of lesser satisfaction between consumers of China and Taiwan. The consumers in China identified the quality attribute “the designs of merchandising, display and the usage of each floor” as the most dissatisfactory item, while the performance on this quality attribute is well accepted by the consumers of Taiwan's department stores. Another contradiction is that Taiwan's consumers are more concerned about “Parking”; this quality attribute obtained much less attention from the consumers in Mainland China. From the analysis of determinants that will have impacts on the willingness of customers to buy again, we found that the viewpoints of consumers from both sides are quite similar. The two main factors are “quality of merchandise” and “service quality”. However, the consumers in Mainland China care more about “the price of merchandise”; this is less important to the consumers in Taiwan. We may conclude from the importance and satisfaction level of the quality attributes and determinants for return customers that differences are caused mainly by the different management of the department stores and the different living circumstances of people across the straights.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-422
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of organic matters based on the distribution and oxidation rates, as noted according to the spatial and temporal variations from 2008 to 2016. Generally speaking, the Han River system is separated into one lower course and two upper courses which are the Namhan River and Bukhan River. The seasonal factor is one of the most important causes of water quality changing in both of the upper courses as a result of a few pollution sources. The concentration of organic matter was measured as higher in the lower course into which great streams with point and non-point sources were identified. According to seasonal variations, however, the change of the organic matter in the lower course is comparatively slighter than that of organic matters in the upper courses. The oxidation rates related to the BOD were 15 %, 17 % and 26 % in the Bukhan River, Namhan River and the lower course, respectively. These results could be explained that more biodegradable organic matter were seen to have existed in the lower courses comparing to the activity in the upper course. The oxidation rates of the BOD were noted as relatively higher in the eutrophicated places with phytoplankton. Therefore the BOD is one of the good index models to find the characteristic of the eutrophicated water. On the other hand BOD would not be enough to estimate concentration of refractory organic matters in the Bukhan and Namhan river. Consequently, both of the TOC and BOD are necessary indices to understand the identified refractory and/or biodegradable characteristics of organic matter.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study is to reveal necessity of orthoptist system in Korea, by comparative analysis between the orthoptist system of developed countries and the present condition in Korean ophthalmic clinics. Methods: Choosing 4 developed countries, we surveyed their education systems, license requirements and process, and service coverage. An inquiry into desirable Korean orthoptist system was added on the basis of the comparative survey. Results: The developed countries have systems in which professional orthoptists, who have got their licenses after official education, do the eye examination under the supervision of ophthalmologists. On the other hand in Korea, a problem is revealed that opticians play a role of eye-examiner in the ophthalmic clinics without any institutional support. Conclusions: The legalistic basis is quite needed in Korea that permit optometry graduates to be eye-examiners in the ophthalmic clinics, by introducing the orthoptist system.