• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 2011

Sparassis crispa(Cauliflower mushroom) was an edible mushroom that shows remarkably high contents of ${\beta}$-glucan compared to other edible mushroom. In this study, we aimed to select suitable conditions and materials for mycelial growth and fruit body production. The longer saccharification time of barely result in higher sugar content for eight hours. The optimal sugar content of media for mycelial growth was showed at level of 6 $^{\circ}Brix$. Optimum temperature and pH for mycelial growth in liquid spawn were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0~6.0, respectively. In case of sawdust was used Larix kaempferi as main material, the fruit body yield and cultivation period of supplemented with 10% wheat flour and 20% corn flour were highest and fastest, respectively.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2000

The recycling method of enokitake cultural waste and the potentiality of second flush for enokitake were determined, because this fungus is not as prolific as the more commonly cultivated white rot fungi in the conversion of sawdust to mycelial mass. The mycelial growth of F. velutipes on several substrates, variously treated with rice bran was promoted at ratios of 10-20% (w/w) on all substrates, but suppressed at above ratios, although some difference was there. The mycelial densities generally increased correlated to the supplementation contents of rice bran. It could be concluded that F. velutipes preferred mild acidic to acidic conditions for mycelial growth, considering that the mycelial growth rate was highest on waste of pH 6.01, treated with 0.1 % Ca(OH)$_2$ and on populus mixed waste of pH 6.02, non treated. The ranges of substrate bulk densities, which was pertinent for mycelial linear growth were from B.D. (g/cc) 0.17 to 0.23 on waste and populus mixed waste all. The pertinent contents of rice bran supplementation in bottle cultivation was from 20 to 30% on waste and 20% on populus mixed waste, considering the requried duration for pinheading and fruiting yields. Standard bulk density for filling and utilizing the waste and populus mixed waste for commercial f. velutipes cultivation were B.D.(g/cc) 0.19 ~ 0.23, and 0.23~ 0.25, which could be conversed to 510~ 540g/900m1 and 520~ 570g/900m1, respectively, The second flush of F. velutipes was tried and the re-inoculation by sawdust and liquid spawn showed somewhat good results, indicating the potentiality of second crop and suggesting further research for it.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-64
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the management characteristics and growth performance of L. edodes from the cooling stage to incubation. Bags of different heights and weights are available for bagging. When the medium size of $17{\times}13cm$ was used and the size of the inoculation hole was changed from 1/3 to 2/3, the browning period was shortened to 30 days. Mycelial growth was evaluated according to the cooling temperature after sterilization. It was observed to be the highest at 122 mm/15 days at $10^{\circ}C$ and 114 mm/15 days and 117 mm/15 days at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The contamination rate of the sawdust media before inoculation was measured as 0, $4.5{\times}10$, $1.3{\times}10^2$, $4.0{\times}10^3cfu$ at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $24^{\circ}C$ respectively. The average of $1.6{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (cfu) of microorganisms was observed in the sawdust that had been piled for six months outdoors. In summer, the sawdust has to be used immediately after mixing. The sterilized medium had an average of $4{\times}10^3cfu$ of microorganisms at $24^{\circ}C$ and $1.3{\times}10^2cfu$ at $15^{\circ}C$. After 15 days of inoculation in vitro, the growth conditions of the sawdust was the best at 132 mm, followed by grain and liquid. When inoculated with liquid spawn, the moisture content of the substrate should be adjusted between 50% and 55% in advance.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.127-134
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• 1996

Armillaria isolates (KNU-A110, KNU-A234, KNU-A1022 and KNU-A1030) were excellent isolates for producing Gastrodia tuber in farm cultivation. Depth of soil between $10\;cm{\sim}19\;cm$ was favorable for producing Gastrodia tuber and rhizomorph at cultivated area. Eighty nine isolates were collected from 5 countries; 16 from Japan, 22 from USA, 26 from France, 4 from Africa and 21 from Korea. Mycelial fan of most isolates were better formed on basal medium with lemon extract than without lemon.A. mellea (KNU-A997) were strongly pathogenic to Gastrodia but A. gallica (KNU-A110) were excellent symbiotic to Gastrodia tuber. Mycelial growth were good on basal medium containing $0.25%{\sim}0.5%$ ethanol and sawdust spawn added wheat bran and corncob. Liquid culture inoculation were not only fast growth of mycelium but also reduction of contamination.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.14-16
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• 2009

Poria cocos is an importantant medical macrofungus,the sclerotium of Poria cocos has specific value as the drug material. There are few papers about its breeding and spawn rejuvenation. In this project, the protoplasts of cultivated strain T and wild strain L were prepared and treated separately by ultraviolet and heating, then fused with the PEG6000. The tural fusants were selected and identified by the affinity and ISSR analysis. 71 incompatibility strains between parents and reg regenerations were obtained from 118 regenerations by the affinity analysis. Five incompatibility strains were amplified with different primers, the results were showed that they had specific bands of both parents in the profile amplified with 3 primers, which proved these 5 strains were fusants by means of molecular biology marker. On the other hand, 25 strain were selected from 168 protoplast regenerations of cultivated strain T for cultivation experiment. The fresh sclerotium weight of these protoplast regenerations were better than the original strain.significantil 3 strains (T-1, T-4, T-7) increased respectively 118%, 73% and 73% than original strain. This method could be the effective in the rejuvenation Poria cocos.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2024

Cordyceps militaris is widely used in China, Korea, and other Asian countries as both a traditional medicinal ingredient and an edible fungus. This study aimed to optimize the growth conditions and fruiting body production of C. militaris by investigating various culture media and physical parameters such as pH, aeration, illumination, temperature, spawn materials, and oat-sawdust-based substrate formulations. After a 7-day incubation period, oats with a pH of 6.0, under sealed and illuminated conditions at 32℃, demonstrated the most effective mycelial growth. Substrates consisting of 70% oat and 30% sawdust had the shortest incubation time of 30.5 days for fruiting body formation. The basidiospores showed a typical germination pattern where the sporidium produced a single germ tube that elongated, and branched to form monokaryotic primary mycelia. In conclusion, using oats as a substrate in the cultivation of C. militaris could reduce production costs and help protect the environment.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop techniques for the log cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Soil landfill cultivation of the in plastic container boxes containing yield per log than but there was no difference in the yield from both spawn Hyangsan" variety. In the case of soil landfill cultivation in a shaded vinyl house, an Ailanthus tree gave a higher yield than that using poplar tree, and the yield of the Hosan" variety was higher than that of the Hyangsan" variety. With regard to proper tree species selection, willow and cherry trees were good for both the Hosan" and "Hyangsan" variet.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2014

A edible mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus is commercially cultivated in Northeast Asia. Japan's annual production is 110,000ton or more. Since 2002, cultivation is expanded in Korea. To investigate the morphological, cultural and microscopic characteristics of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 109 isolates were collected from Korea and other countries. Clamp connection, chlamydospore and arthrospore were present in all tested isolates of H. marmoreus except HYM-002 and HYM-004. Also pilealtrama, gilltrama, basidia, basidiospore and cystidia of fruiting body were no difference among the isolates in the present investigation. Morphological characteristics of fruiting body was that color of pileus was brown and white, irregular as marble, the average size 12~22mm and stipes was $46{\sim}91{\times}6{\sim}10mm$. Isolates HYM-031, HYM-047 and HYM-109 formed grayish-brown pileus with a faint pattern. Molecular analysis with RAPD and ITS rDNA sequence analysis were also performed to check the genetic relationships among H. marmoreus isolates. Based on the RAPD analysis using the URP-PCR, all isolates of H. marmoreus were clustered into large 3 groups but more than 90% showed high similarity. In addition, morphological and geographical differences have been classified as an independent cluster. The brown and white strains enclosed in same cluster. So genetically no significance difference was observed between these two strains. ITS gene sequences of 16 selected isolates which were 640 bp long, were aligned and compared. The similarity in ITS sequence was 94.8 to 99.1% among tested isolates and the H. marmoreus isolates in GeneBank. In conclusion the tested isolates were H. marmoreus. Morphological and molecular observations proved that all tested isolates were belonging to H. marmoreus. For the stable artificial cultivation, composition of optimum media, mature period and light condition were established. Optimal formula of artificial cultivation medium was Douglas sawdust: corn cob: soybean meal: wheat bran = 40:30:15:15. In addition, 7% rice bran and 3% yellow sucrose was the most effective composition for spawn's liquid medium. For the maturation of the isolates was favorable for growing for 20 to 30 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and the LED lights in mixture of white and blue was good for growth period. For effective growth, the temperature, humidity and aeration control in every step was important.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2010

Calocybe indica, a tropical edible mushroom, is popular because it has good nutritive value and it can be cultivated commercially. The current investigation was undertaken to determine a suitable substrate and the appropriate thickness of casing materials for the cultivation of C. indica. Optimum mycelial growth was observed in coconut coir substrate. Primordia initiation with the different substrates and casing materials was observed between the 13th and 19th day. The maximum length of stalk was recorded from sugarcane leaf, while diameter of stalk and pileus, and thickness of pileus were found in rice straw substrate. The highest biological and economic yield, and biological efficiency were also obtained in the rice straw substrate. Cow dung and loamy soil, farm-yard manure, loamy soil and sand, and spent oyster mushroom substrates were used as casing materials to evaluate the yield and yield-contributing characteristics of C. indica. The results indicate that the number of effective fruiting bodies, the biological and economic yield, and the biological efficiency were statistically similar all of the casing materials used. The maximum biological efficiency was found in the cow dung and loamy soil casing material. The cow dung and loamy soil (3 cm thick) was the best casing material and the rice straw was the best substrate for the commercial cultivation of C. indica.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 2020

Phlebopus spongiosus is a well-known edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom indigenous to southern Vietnam. The mushroom specimens collected from northern Thailand in this study were identified as P. spongiosus. This identification was based on morphological characteristics and the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses. Pure cultures were isolated and the relevant suitable mycelial growth conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the fungal mycelia grew well on L-modified Melin-Norkans, and Murashige and Skoog agar all of which were adjusted to a pH of 5.0 at 30 ℃. Sclerotia-like structures were observed on cultures. The ability of this mushroom to produce fruiting bodies in the absence of a host plant was determined by employing a bag cultivation method. Fungal mycelia completely covered the cultivation substrate after 90-95 days following inoculation of mushroom spawn. Under the mushroom house conditions, the highest amount of primordial formation was observed after 10-15 days at a casing with soil:vermiculite (1:1, v/v). The primordia developed into a mature stage within one week. Moreover, identification of the cultivated fruiting bodies was confirmed by both morphological and molecular methods. This is the first record of P. spongiosus found in Thailand and its ability to form fruiting bodies without a host plant.