• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a method to be able to estimate the vehicular emissions according to spatial scales-Seoul province, 25 counties and hundreds of grids $(1km{\times}1km)$. First, the emissions at each spatial scale was calculated by using the road network and the travel volume and speed of each link modeled by travel demand model (TDM). Second, the emission at each spatial scale was calculated on the basis of average speeds estimated by using three kinds of averaging method. These are called the provincial, volume-delay function (VDF) and zonal method, respectively. Third, three kinds of emissions and those by TDM are compared each other at three spatial scales. In Seoul (provincial scale), three kinds of emissions are less than those by TDM, but the differences of TDM from three speed averaging methods (SAMs) are small. The relative ratios of three SAMs to TDM are $88\~90\%\;in\;CO,\;99\~100\%\;in\;NOx,\;84\~85\%$ in VOCs. At county scale, NOx among three pollutants showed the highest correlation between TDM and three SAMs and the zonal method among three SAMs was proven to be the highest correlation with TDM. NOx showed the coefficients $(R^2)$ greater than 0.9 in all three SAMs but CO and VOC showed the coefficients $(R^2)$ greater than 0.9 in only zonal method. Slopes of co..elations of all pollutants showed the values close to '1' in zonal method. In the other two SAMs, slopes of NOx showed the values close to '1', but those of CO and VOC showed the values less than 0.85. At grid scale, correlations between TDM and three SAMs were not high. CO showed $0.68\~0.77\;in\;R^2s\;and\;58\~0.68$ in slopes. NOx showed $0.90\~0.94\;in\;R^2s\;and\;0.86\~0.94$ in slopes. VOC showed $0.56\~0.70\;in\;R^2s\;and\;0.48\~0.57$ in slopes. There are not high correlations between TDM and three SAMs in grid scale. This study showed that there is the most suitable method for calculating the average travel speed at each spatial scale and it is thought that the zonal method is more suitable than the VDF or provincial method.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.4 no.4 s.14
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• pp.7-14
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• 2004

The analysis method of stabilizing process and its program regarding large spatial structural systems are described in this paper. In this paper, the analysis of stabilizing process of the example structures, namely Olympic Fencing Arena, is performed and the jacking force of stabilizing process is proposed, and the characteristics of structural behavior is investigated. This result of research is applied to the design and construction of the actual structures and the reliability of the analysis is verified through comparison of the analysis results and the measured results in the field. When the analytical results is compared with the actual structural behavior, there is a little difference, but it is thought that the analysis results are quite reliable because it is very similar to the measured values in spite of construction and measurement errors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is for providing the people with the objective method which estimates the various spatial configuration of primary schools in terms of teacher's screening through analyzing structural visual aspects of common classrooms and open corridors for multi-service of primary schools in Korea. In doing so, the study makes use of graphical solutions derived from the concept of 'Frame' which is one of Basil Bernstein's theories. As a case study, it deals with five primary schools designed for open-education. Throughout this investigation, it takes some numerical values of spatial characters concerned with 'Frame', and can have some conclusions about the relationship between the change of curriculum and the spatial configuration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2002

Database as a supporting system for decision-making is one of essential parts for realizing precision farming. Application models on constructing a database for precision farming, including collection of spatial and attribute data, were suggested using a GPS, DXF files, AutoCAD, a Java application program and PostgreSQL DBMS in this study. The constructed spatial database based on the schema design of spatial and attribute data table was evaluated as a supporting system for decision-making by a simulation of a virtual variable-rate chemical applicator. The applicator could extract the values of soil property at its consecutive location in the tested field in communication with the constructed database, and prescribe the corresponding variable-rate of chemicals. The results of the study suggested the possibility that the constructed database can function a supporting system for decision-making for precision farming.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1015-1017
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• 2003

Recently, DGPS or RTK-GPS techniques enable us to use satellite based positioning systems with high accuracy. But in urban area, navigation systems suffer from problems such as signal blockage by high-rise buildings, multi-path problems, and so on. So we have to know numbers of visible satellites and quality of signals received at the ground level in urban area as accurate as possible. In this paper, we developed a simulation system called LoQAS [Location service Quality Assessment System, 2002, the University of Tokyo] which can simulate numbers of visible satellites and DOP values using accurate satellite orbital data and 3-D digital map. In this time, we evaluated this system and extended it to deal with reflected signals to assess multi-path problems.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.204-206
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• 2003

In order to utilize remote sensed images effectively, a lot of image classification methods are suggested for many years. But, the accuracy of traditional methods based on pixel-based classification is not high in general. In this study, object oriented classification based on image segmentation is used to classify Landsat images. A necessary prerequisite for object oriented image classification is successful image segmentation. Object oriented image classification, which is based on fuzzy logic, allows the integration of a broad spectrum of different object features, such as spectral values , shape and texture. Landsat images are divided into urban, agriculture, forest, grassland, wetland, barren and water in sochon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do using object oriented classification algorithms in this paper. Preliminary results will help to perform an automatic image classification in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.3 s.28
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• pp.11-17
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• 2005

Land prices reflect not only the uses of land, but the potential uses as well(Plantinga, 2002) so land values can be applied to very effective indices for deciding regional status and growing potential. The purpose of this study is to deduce determinant factors of regional land prices. Principal determinants of regional land prices are analyzed with a hedonic technique and spatial econometric models based on 2001 statistic data of Korea except large cities. The results provide the followings. 1. The spatial effect of rural regions are very little with adjacent regions. 2. The common index of land price is population density and other determinant factors are different depending on land uses.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.731-740
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• 2010

A region merging technique is suggested in this paper for the segmentation of high-spatial resolution imagery. It employs a region growing scheme based on the region adjacency graph (RAG). The proposed algorithm uses directional neighbor-line average feature vectors to improve the quality of segmentation. The feature vector consists of 9 components which includes an observation and 8 directional averages. Each directional average is the average of the pixel values along the neighbor line for a given neighbor line length at each direction. The merging coefficients of the segmentation process use a part of the feature components according to a given merging coefficient order. This study performed the extensive experiments using simulation data and a real high-spatial resolution data of IKONOS. The experimental results show that the new approach proposed in this study is quite effective to provide segments of high quality for the object-based analysis of high-spatial resolution images.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.530-539
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• 2020

Hyperspectral images feature a relatively narrow band and are easily disturbed by noise. Accurate estimation of the types and parameters of noise in hyperspectral images can provide prior knowledge for subsequent image processing. Existing hyperspectral-noise estimation methods often pay more attention to the use of spectral information while ignoring the spatial information of hyperspectral images. To evaluate the noise in hyperspectral images more accurately, we have proposed a spectral-spatial cooperative noise-evaluation method. First, the feature of spatial information was extracted by Gabor-filter and K-means algorithms. Then, texture edges were extracted by the Otsu threshold algorithm, and homogeneous image blocks were automatically separated. After that, signal and noise values for each pixel in homogeneous blocks were split with a multiple-linear-regression model. By experiments with both simulated and real hyperspectral images, the proposed method was demonstrated to be effective and accurate, and the composition of the hyperspectral image was verified.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2023

Although Euclidean plane geometry is implemented in the middle school course, there are three major problems in high school space geometry that can be intuitively taken for granted or misinterpreted as circular arguments. In order to solve this problem, this study proved three major problems using sets, Euclidean plane geometry, and parallel line postulates. This corresponds to a logical sequence and has mathematical and mathematical educational values. Furthermore, it will be possible to configure spatial geometry using sets, and by giving legitimacy to non-Euclidean spatial geometry, it will open the possibility of future research.