• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-24
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• 2014

NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) has been providing VRS (Virtual Reference Station) service so that could determine precise positioning in real time since 2007. However, since the VRS service has to maintain the connected status with VRS server, the number of users who can use VRS service are limited by capacity of VRS server. To solve this problem, NGII has been providing FKP (Virtual Reference Station) service using one way telecommunication from November 1, 2012. Therefore, it is predicted that the usage of FKP service will increase in public surveying and cadastral resurveying in the future. However, the studies with respect to analysis of FKP precision for applying to public surveying and cadastral resurveying is not conducted enough. In this study, to analyse the application possibility of FKP on the public surveying and cadastral resurveying, the two kind analysis were performed. First is the analysis of accuracy according to the configuration of reference station of FKP and VRS. One is consisted of same reference stations, another is consisted of different reference stations. Second is the accuracy anlalysis of horizontal and vertical positioning acquiring VRS and FKP data in various measurement environment based on VRS regulation. Result of first study, Positioning accuracy according to the configuration of the reference stations satisfies related regulation. However, accuracy of FKP in case of different reference stations is worse than in case of same reference stations.. The result of second test shows that the horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in good measurement environment satisfy the allowed precision. However, in some case, horizontal precision of FKP and VRS in poor measurement environment exceed the allowed precision. In addition, the number of exceeding the allowed precision in the FKP is more than the VRS. The vertical precision of the VRS satisfy related work provision. In conclusion, the result of this study shows that the FKP only in open area should be used for public survey and cadastral resurvey. Therefore the additional studies with respect to the improvement of FKP precision should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 2016

Recognizing the problem of fallacy in geographical name of Changokbyeong(蒼玉屛), assumption has been made on the location of Changokbyeong through literature research on antique maps, ancient paintings, and old prose, through field survey on rock inscriptions and landscape characteristics, and through interviews with local people. Furthermore, Baegyeonwa, the Cuckoo Hut, and Iyangjung(二養亭), an annex to the cottage, both of which were managed by Saahm Park Soon(思菴 朴淳), the Subject of Jouissance, were studied in depth with emphasis on the spatial structure as well as special features of the area as a garden. The major findings are as follows: Changokbyeong is a spatial threshold that imparts a sense of unity with Okbyeng seowon(玉屛書院) and indeed Changokbyeong is presumed to have been the frontal river terrace of Okbyeng seowon according to the analysis of antique maps and rock inscriptions. This ancient location and the Ogari Stone Wall, the present day Changokbyeong, are only 460m away so that both areas are considered as falling under the influence of Changokbyeong landscape. The expression "Changokbyeong Geupsangeum(蒼玉屛及散襟)" written in an old prose tells us that the high rock wall with Sangeumdae inscribed on the rock might be the rock wall of Changokbyeong. In addition, while not a single rock inscription has been found on the Ogari Stone Wall, 11 rock inscriptions designed and ordered by Saahm Park Soon, the Subject of Jouissance, are found on every corner of the high rock wall standing in front of Okbyeng seowon, 8 of those 11 being place names and recitative poems(known as Jeyeongsi: 題詠詩) in close formation resembling the handwritings in a little notebook. This provides a strong evidence for assuming the location of Changokbyeong to be the frontal river terrace of Okbyeng seowon. The "Songgyun Jeoljo Suwol Jeongshin(松筠節調 水月精神)" rock inscription on Changokbyeong should be considered as the stamping ground and as the symbolic language of Changokbyeong that bears the high character and nobility of the Subject of Jouissance, Saahm Park Soon. The inscription should also be recognized as the handwritings of Wooahm Song Si-Yeol(尤庵 宋時烈) correcting the misconceptions that persisted until today. Meanwhile, the garden remains of Saahm's Changokbyeong are composed of four sites: Sangeumdae-Sugyeongdae-Cheonghakdae-Baekhakdae from the left. At the back of Sangeumdae, there is the original house, the Baegyeonwa(拜鵑窩), and on the fantastically shaped stone wall at the left of Baekhakdae, there is the annex, the Iyangjung, together creating a landscape composition that overlooks the splendor of the Ogari Stone Wall. The Iyangjung is located on the highest spot to the left of the four sites, and it is believed to have been a little outhouse and library for Saahm which remains to the present day as a place where Saahm's character can be felt. The drinking plates[窪樽] made of rock that are affectionately arranged on the broad flat rock in front of Iyangjung is part of the garden remains that reflects the artistic taste of Saahm regarding the drinking culture at the time.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.133-149
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• 2022

Existing domestic studies on estimating rice yield were mainly implemented at the level of cities and counties in the entire nation using MODIS satellite images with low spatial resolution. Unlike previous studies, this study tried to estimate rice yield at the level of eup-myon-dong in Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do using Sentinel-2 satellite images with medium spatial resolution, rainfall and soil data, and then to evaluate its accuracy. Five vegetation indices such as NDVI, LAI, EVI2, MCARI1 and MCARI2 derived from Sentinel-2 images of August 1, 2018 for Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do, rainfall and paddy soil-type data were aggregated by the level of eup-myon-dong and then rice yield was estimated with gamma generalized linear model, an expanded variant of multi-variate regression analysis to solve the non-normality problem of dependent variable. In the rice yield model finally developed, EVI2, rainfall days in September, and saline soils ratio were used as significant independent variables. The coefficient of determination representing the model fit was 0.68 and the RMSE for showing the model accuracy was 62.29kg/10a. This model estimated the total rice production in Gimje-si in 2018 to be 96,914.6M/T, which was very close to 94,470.3M/T the actual amount specified in the Statistical Yearbook with an error of 0.46%. Also, the rice production per unit area of Gimje-si was amounted to 552kg/10a, which was almost consistent with 550kg/10a of the statistical data. This result is similar to that of the previous studies and it demonstrated that the rice yield can be estimated using Sentinel-2 satellite images at the level of cities and counties or smaller districts in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

It is expected that conditions of water resources will be changed in Korea in accordance with world wide climate change. In order to deal with this problem and find a way of minimizing the effect of future climate change, the usefulness of climate model simulation information is examined in this study. The objective of this study is to assess the applicability of GCM (General Circulation Model) information for Korean water resources management through uncertainty analysis. The methods are based on probabilistic measures of the effectiveness of GCM simulations of an indicator variable for discriminating high versus low regional observations of a target variable. The formulation uses the significance probability of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for detecting differences between two variables. An estimator that accounts for climate model simulation and spatial association between the GCM data and observed data is used. Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations done by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) with a resolution of $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$, and METRI (Meteorological Research Institute, Korea) with resolutions of $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$ and $4^{\circ}{\times}5^{\circ}$, were used for indicator variables, while observed mean areal precipitation (MAP) data, discharge data and mean areal temperature data on the seven major river basins in Korea were used for target variables. The results show that GCM simulations are useful in discriminating the high from the low of the observed precipitation, discharge, and temperature values. Temperature especially can be useful regardless of model and season.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

The number of visitors to historic sites and museums in Korea has been on a rapid decrease and in order to search for creative ways to work on the problem, the study proposed a theme park-typed museum with cultural heritage applied and reviewed spatial strategies for such theme park-typed museums. Applied methods of research of this study are as follows. First, in order to understand definitions and current situations of cultural heritage use and theme park-typed museums, the study went thoroughly over all sorts of literature and reports as well as findings of advance researches on how to make a use of cultural heritage. Based on the results of the investigations, the study determined characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied which the study was proposing and the characteristics were categorized by type. Considering those characteristics and types gained in the study, the study looked for cultural heritage-based theme parks and museums in the world which were good enough to be used as research subjects in the study from the aspects of profitability and level of awareness. The study examined those theme parks and museums in the world and in the end, it found out ways to adopt the findings to the situations in Korea and discussed expecting effects as well. As to the characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied, the study divided those characteristics into mutual cooperation, location, communicability, authenticity, maintainability, education, durability, narrativity, undailiness, interactivity and leisure. The types were categorized into ride, environment direction, cartoon character and souvenir by attraction pattern. When cultural heritage is used actively, it would improve competitiveness of historic cultural sites and museums in return, making people realize the iterative structure of excavation, conservation, maintenance and use of cultural heritage. That would create many kinds of added values, re-discovering culture of the country. At the same time, it would also create a new value of culture as well. Now, it is important for us to do harder with researches on how to evolve museums and exhibition spaces. Considering that, the study is believed to make a contribution to revival of historic sites and museums in Korea but also establishment of scientific strategies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.263-271
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• 2016

Localizing an object in image is a common task in the field of computer vision. As the existing methods provide a detection for the single object in an image, they have an utilization limit for the use of the application, due to similar objects are in the actual picture. This paper proposes an efficient method of object localization for image recognition. The new proposed method uses color correlation back-projection in the YCbCr chromaticity color space to deal with the object localization problem. Using the proposed algorithm enables users to detect and locate primary location of object within the image, as well as candidate regions can be detected accurately without any information about object counts. To evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm, we estimate success rate of locating object with common used image database. Experimental results reveal that improvement of 21% success ratio was observed. This study builds on spatially localized color features and correlation-based localization, and the main contribution of this paper is that a different way of using correlogram is applied in object localization.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

Species distribution models have been widely applied in order to assess biodiversity, design reserve, manage habitat and predict climate change. However, SDMs has been used restrictively to the public and policy sectors owing to model uncertainty. Recent studies on ensemble and consensus models have been increased to reduce model uncertainty. This paper was carried out single model and multi model for Corylopsis coreana and compares two models. First, model evaluation was used AUC, kappa and TSS. TSS was the most effective method because it was easy to compare several models and convert binary maps. Second, both single and ensemble model show good performance and RF, Maxent and GBM was evaluated higher, GAM and SRE was evaluated lower relatively. Third, ensemble model tended to overestimate over single model. This problem can be solved by the suitable model selection and weighting through collaboration between field experts and modeler. Finally, we should identify causes and magnitude of model uncertainty and improve data quality and model methods in order to apply special decision-making support system and conservation planning, and when we make policy decisions using SDMs, we should recognize uncertainty and risk.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1389-1402
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the impacts of waste dumping on inorganic nutrients in the dumping area of the Yellow Sea, and the effect of an governmental regulation of pollution in dumping areas. The environmental variables and parameters of the dumping and reference areas in the Yellow Sea were measured during July 2009 and analyzed. In addition, the analyzed data for inorganic nutrients over the last 10 years were obtained from the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) and the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI). The chemical environment of the study area revealed increases in concentrations of inorganic nutrients, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the bottom layer. On the contrary, the pH level was decreased. Most notably, the time series data of inorganic nutrients showed gradual increase over time in the dumping area, and thus, the oligotrophic waters trend toward eutrophic waters. The increases appears to be due to the disposal of large amounts of organic waste. In recent times, the wastes disposed at the area were largely comprised of livestock wastewater, and food processing waste water. The liquefied waste, which contains an abundance of nutrients, causes a sharp increase in concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the dumping area. On the one hand, the dumping sites have been deteriorated to such an extent that pollution has become a social problem. Consequentially, the government had a regulatory policy for improvement of marine environmental since 2007 in the dumping area. Hence, the quality of marine water in the dumping site has improved.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

After entering a more stable growth phase since the 2000s, new urban development has become smaller and fragmented and interiors of existing cities are aging and becoming underutilized. Therefore, using vacant and underutilized land in urban area has high value in national urban policies in terms of compact urban development and circular land use management. To do so, it is necessary to develop scientific research methods and tools to better understand the characteristics and potential of vacant and underutilized land. The main goals of the study are as follows. First, this research aims to develop a pilot system for analysis and assessment of abandoned, vacant, and underutilized space. The pilot system will act as a scientific policy support measure to systematically identify vacant and underutilized space. Busan Metropolitan City, with a variety of vacant and underutilized space, was selected as the case study area. The second goal is to develop a planning support system for abandoned, vacant and underutilized Land using open source GIS software, uDig. GIS based decision support systems or planning support systems to resolve spatial problem is not a new innovation, but using open source GIS provides new opportunities and potential. To conclude, the research will derive implications for future work.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

The maps produced by the NGII(geographical information institute) are composed of 1/1,000, 1/2,500, 1/5,000 large scale maps, 1/25,000, 1/50,000 and smaller scale maps. 1/1,000 digital map, as the most large-scale digital map made by the NGII, has been constructed with the beginning of NGIS(national geographic information System) Project in 1995. However, 1/1000 digital maps have been not produced by the fundamental survey on the basis of systematic planning at the national level, but a lot of parts have been constructed by the public survey for the purpose of the fiscal year of the local governments. Also, these maps have been not regularly updated because of big budget. In this study, we investigated problems related to the construction status, system, and area, and suggested plans that can improve these problems. As the improvement plan, we proposed a nationwide three regionalization for short-term modification and long-term regular update, reset of core downtown boundaries based on topographical features, diversification of budget execution method and an improved execution system.