• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.647-658
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze students' learning characteristics regarding spatial ability, orienteering ability and earth science content learning ability and their relationship through development and application of earth science activities using orienteering. The programme aims to improve students' spatial ability using orienteering activity which requires spatial ability. Topics in the programme included map, compass, contour, movement of celestial, and constellation application. Students were to orienteer in the field using the method they learned in class. This programme was applied to five 7th graders. The results are, first, students who have positive attitude toward science and do well at school tended to perceive their orienteering ability high. Second, all parts of spatial ability, spatial visualization, spatial orientation, spatial relation were used during orienteering, especially spatial visualization and spatial orientation. The relationship between spatial ability, orienteering ability, and earth science content learning abilities was not clear. However, orienteering ability and earth science content learning ability were in similar tendency.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting earth science problem-solving performances of elementary school pre-service teachers. The participants of the study were 81 students attending an elementary school teacher education university. The instruments of the study were paper-and-pencil tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The tests mainly measured the participants' problem solving abilities in the motions of the moon and the planets. Correlation and multiple regression techniques were used for data analysis. The results demonstrated that the pre-service teachers' problem solving abilities were low. Problem-solving performances were affected by the procedural knowledge, the participants' perception of the past earth science performance, self-efficacy, and the prerequisite declarative knowledge. Contrary to our expectation, the spatial visualization ability was not found to be related to the problem-solving performances. Implications of the study are drawn, and suggestions are made for further research.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2013

What is the foundation of mathematical thinking? Is it logic based symbolic language system? or does it rely more on mental imagery and visuo-spatial abilities? What kind of neural changes happen if someone's mathematical abilities improve through practice? To answer these questions, basic cognitive processes including long term memory, working memory, visuo-spatial perception, number processes are considered through neuropsychological outcomes. Neuronal changes following development and practices are inspected and we can show there are neural networks critical for the mathematical thinking and development: prefrontal-anterior cingulate-parietal network. Through these inquiry, we can infer the answer to our question.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.553-571
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• 2015

본 연구는 공간능력이 수학 성취도 및 STEM 분야의 성공에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실에 기초하여, 공과 대학생들의 공간능력, 수학 성취도, 그리고 언어 성취도 사이의 관계와 각 영역에서 성별 차이를 파악하는데 목적을 두었다. 그와 함께 수학 성취도에서의 성별 차이가 공간능력에서의 차이에 의해서 매개되는 지도 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울 소재 공과대학 신입생들에게 공간 시각화-회전(PSVT-R)검사를 실시한 후에 대학수학능력 시험의 수학 및 언어 영역과의 상관관계를 성별로 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 성별 차이는 공간 시각화 능력에서 가장 크게 나타났고, 다음이 언어 성취도, 그리고 수학 성취도의 순서로 낮아졌다. 남학생의 공간 시각화 능력이 여학생보다 0.8d(effect size) 정도 우수하였으며 남학생의 67%가 도달한 수준에 여학생은 34%가 속해있었다. 영역별 상관계수를 살펴보면 수학과 언어 성취도 사이에는 음의 상관관계가 존재하였다, 그러나 예측과는 다르게 수학 성취도와 공간 시각화 능력 사이의 상관관계는 작았다. 공간 시각화 능력과 언어 성취도 사이에도 상관관계는 존재하지 않았다. 그렇지만 공간 시각화 능력은 남학생보다는 여학생의 수학 성취도에 좀 더 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그 이유는 남학생에서는 공간능력이 보편적인 현상이기 때문에 남학생 내에서는 공간능력이 수학 성취도에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았던 것으로 파악된다. 그 외에도 공간능력이 낮은 집단에서도 수학 성취도에서는 성별차이가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 이것은 현 연구 집단에서는 공간능력이 수학 성취도를 결정하는 주된 요인은 아니라는 점을 보여준다. 언어 성취도가 수학 성취도와 음의 상관관계를 갖는 이유는 입시전형에 합격하기 위해서는 한 영역에서 낮은 점수를 받은 경우에 다른 영역의 점수는 상위권인 학생들이 지원한 결과로 해석된다. 마지막으로 공간 시각화와 언어 능력이 결합하여 수학 성취도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 언어 성취도와 공간 시각화 점수를 상위권과 하위권으로 구분한 다음 네 그룹으로 나누어서 수학 성취도를 비교하였다. 이 때 수학 성취도는 남학생, 여학생 모두에서 (1) 공간 상위권- 언어 하위권인 그룹, (2) 공간 하위권 - 언어 하위권인 그룹, (3) 공간 상위권 - 언어 상위권 그룹, (4) 공간 하위권 - 언어 상위권 그룹의 순서로 낮아졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was to examine the effectiveness of computerized cognitive ability enhancement program (CCAEP) using Smarttoy. The CCAEP using Smart-toy which can interact with children via bluetooth is a kids-friendly and convenient method for improving children's cognitive abilities by increasing their motivation for performing the program. We developed the CCAEP which designed to train auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, auditory-verbal working memory, and visual-spatial working memory. Methods: Eighteen children aged 8 to 10 participated in CCAEP individual training composed of 8 sessions of 40 minutes each for 4 weeks. The effect of the training was measured with Smart Toyweb's cognitive assessment tasks (smart device based assessment) as well as traditional neuropsychological tests before and after the training. Results: Children showed significant improvement in auditory-verbal memory, visual-spatial memory, auditory-verbal working memory and visual-spatial working memory abilities after the training. Conclusion: This study demonstrated promising results suggesting the effectiveness of CCAEP using Smart-Toy in clinical settings as well as school and home situations. Further controlled study with larger sample size including various clinical groups is needed to confirm the present results.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of young children's age and information processing style in understanding spatial coordinates. For sampling the subjects of this study, Korean version K-ABC Intelligence Test(Moon, Soo-Back, 1997)was conducted with 165 children aged 5-6 who were attending I and G kindergarten in D city. From this pool 30 children who possessed sequential processing style and 30 children who possessed simultaneous processing style were sampled. In order to analyze the understanding of spatial coordinates, a test tool was formulated according to methodology of Blades & Spencer(1989) which was modified. Acquired data was subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis. The following conclusions were arrived at: Firstly, there was significant difference between 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds in understanding spatial coordinates. The 6-year-old group got statistically higher grades than the 5-year-old group in locating a point on the coordinate plane and reading the coordinate numbers. Secondly, there was significant difference between children's information processing style in understanding spatial coordinate. Children with high simultaneous-low sequential processing showed higher performance in locating a point on the coordinate plane and reading coordinate numbers than children with high sequential-low simultaneous processing. Thirdly, after verifying statistical significance of interactivity between young children's age and children's processing strength, there was significant interactive effects in both tasks.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.2370-2374
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• 2021

Background: Masticating is an activity that is free from temporal or spatial constraints, with an advantage that it can be combined easily with other treatment methods. While several studies have reported a positive effect of the intervention of chewing using the jaw on postural stability, only a few studies were conducted on stroke patients. Objectives: To investigated the effects of masticating chewing gum on the static and dynamic balancing of stroke patients. Design: Randomized cross-over study design. Methods: Nineteen stroke patients were randomly assigned to the chewing group or control group. BT4 was used to measure the static and dynamic balancing abilities. Pre-test measurements were taken before mastication of chewing gum, and post-test measurements were taken after 2 days. The stroke patients in the chewing group were guided to sit on a chair and chew gum for 3 min, and their balancing abilities were simultaneously measured. The balancing abilities of the control group patients were measured while they sat at rest without masticating chewing gum. Results: The chewing group showed significant increases in the measures of static balance (i.e., C90 area, trace length, X mean, and Y mean). In the between-group comparison, the measures of static balance were significantly higher in the chewing group than in the control group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that masticating chewing gum enhanced the static balancing ability of stroke patients. Thus, gum chewing should be considered a viable clinical intervention to control posture in stroke patients.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2007

본 연구는 수학영재들의 공간 시각화 능력을 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 국가가 지원하는 대학부설 과학영재교육원에서 교육을 받고 있는 초등학교 6학년 6명과 중학교 1학년 1명으로, 각 학생들에게 정이십면체의 겨냥도에서 각 변과 모서리들의 길이, 변과 모서리들이 이루는 각도들을 비교하는 과제를 제시하여 그들이 해결하는 과정에서 드러나는 공간 시각화 능력을 질적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 이 때 자료 분석은 McGee의 공간 시각화 능력을 중심으로 Duval과 Del Grand의 이론을 참조하였다. 분석 결과, 수학영재학생들은 윤곽을 시각화하는 능력, 상상 속에서 대상을 조작하는 능력, 묘사된 대상의 회전을 상상하는 능력, 묘사된 대상을 다른 형태로 변형하는 능력을 보이는 보였으며, 일부 수학영재학생들은 평면에 묘사된 대상을 다시 입체로 상상해 내고 이를 표현해내는 데 다소 어려움을 겪고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 6학년 학생들의 공간능력과 천체운동개념 및 과학탐구능력의 관계를 알아보고 학생들에게 천체운동개념을 쉽게 이해시키기 위한 교수$\cdot$학습 전략을 찾는데 도움을 주고자 하는데 있다. 연구 결과 첫째, 공간능력과 천체운동개념, 과학탐구능력 성취도에서 남학생이 여학생보다 약간 높게 나타났으나 그 차이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, 공간능력과 천체운동개념과의 영향력을 분석한 결과 공간능력은 학생들의 천체운동 개념 이해에 영향력을 갖고 있었다. 천체운동개념에 영향을 미치는 공간능력 하위 요소는 도형유추, 도막세기, 회전등이었다. 셋째, 공간능력은 과학탐구능력의 성취도에 매우 높은 영향력을 갖고 있었으며, 특히 과학탐구능력에 영향을 미치는 공간능력 하위요소는 도막세기가 가장 높았고, 단일요소보다는 여러 요소들이 상호 복합적으로 작용할 때 그 영향력이 더 크게 나타났다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.601-612
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• 2010

It is widely known that language functions in our brains are lateralized to the left hemisphere and spatial recognition functions are lateralized to the right hemisphere. It is also known that handedness is closely related to the lateralization of brain functions. However, at what point in the brain‘s development the lateralization of brain functions takesplace is still disputed. This study sought to find differences in linguistic and spatial abilities between left-handed and right-handed children, and provide objective data on the relationship between the handedness and the brain lateralization. 19 left-handed children and 20 right-handed children aged 5 were chosen through questionnaire for this study and the K-WPPSI simple intelligence test was used to check the homogeneity of two groups. The results showed that the differences inlinguistic and spatial ability between left and right-handed children were not statistically significant.