• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2007

According to an apartment house environment and the service provide method of major telecom operators, is providing optic-LAN service with installing the equipments of optical office center and optic distribution at MDF(Main Distribution Frame) and under-ground of apartment. therefore the distribute is deepening between service providers because of space securement to install equipments and spare pipe securement to reinstall UTP cable. These were reasons that operators leaned to subscriber collection and neglected to maintenance, in addition, insist the facilities invested by each operators is his own assets for all that in-plant of apartment house is private land. So, would not being touched by others. Accordingly, this study will search it through the field current condition examine that service's types and methods which various telecom operators and broadcast operators are providing, the current conditions of being maintained, the problems of being happened. etc. and would like to improve that the users could use the services safely by making the information & communication facilities maintenance mandatory under the regular size of apartment house circumstances through the analysis of various laws relations which are managed information & communication construction work law, telecommunication basis law, home network. etc. technical standards by the Ministry of Information and Communication and are managed housing law, construction law, the regulation related to house construct standards. etc. by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the resorption rate, the healing pattern, and the response of the surrounding tissue after the graft of the acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$) and the autogenous dermis, and to report the clinical result of the use of $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ in order to restore the soft tissue defects. Methods: Twenty mature rabbits, weighing about 3 ㎏, were used for the experimental study. The $10\times10$ mm-size autogenous dermis and the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ were grafted to the space between the external abdominal oblique muscle and the fascia of the rabbits. And the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ was grafted to the pocket between the skin and the underlying perichondrium of rabbit ear. The resorption rate of the grafted sites was calculated, and the tissue specimens were histologically examined at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the graft. The five patients with the cleft-lip nasal deformity and the one patient with the saddle nose deformity, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft to restore the facial soft tissue defects, were reviewed for the clinical study. Results: The resorption rate at 8 weeks after the graft was 21.5% for the autogenous dermis, and 16.0% $AlloDerm^{(R)}$. In microscopic examinations, the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and the epidermal inclusion cyst were observed in the autogenous dermis graft. However, the neovascularization and the progressive growth of the new fibroblasts were shown in the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft. And the six patients, who received the $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ graft, demonstrated the good stability of the grafts and improved appearance. There were no remarkable complications such as inflammation, rejection, dislocation, and severe absorption in the clinical cases. Conclusion: These results suggest that $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ can be an useful graft material for restoration of soft tissue defects because of the good stability and the tissue response without the remarkable clinical complications.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 1998

As late as middle of 1980s, what was referred to as new model cars consisted, on the premise of a standardized packaging layout, principally of the endeavor to transform their style images by changing little by little the form of layouts almosts similar to or with larger bodies than those of the old model ones. Afterwards even in the period of competition of engeineering and mechanical body styles for reducing fuel cost and improving comfortability in riding, the standardized packaging layout did not change visibly, simply trying to ameliorating commercialism through high output and high efficacy on the engineering part. Today the sudden prevalent motorization in every walk of life has brought about the development of the car industry, thus producing surplus supply and technical standardization. This phenomenon of technical standardization leads the concept of the renovation of car design to a way quite different from that of the past and so may be said to be confronted with an era that requires genuine-sense car design in a way. It seems that interior design plans are of much more importance than external shapes. This is because the effort for enhancing comfortability to keep car passengers' needs of transportation is one of the essences of car design. The objective of this study consists in inquiring into how to plan motorcar interior design, an essential prerequisite in determining the external or of a car, obtaining data needed via analysis of interior design plans of the car models that have won favorable criticism from consumers, thus contributing to the use of the data obtained for reference in car design activities in a genuine sense.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 1982

The binders introduced in Korea were originally designed to be used for Japonica-type varieties which have relatively long stem and are highly resistant to shattering. In order to use it for Tongil varieties which are short and easy to be shattered, mechanical modifications are necessary to reduce a grain loss incurred during binder operation. This study was intended to investigate analytically and experimentally the major sources of grain losses caused by three kinds of binders now introduced in Korea. Actual modification for each of three binders was done and experimentally compared to see if any improvement on grain loss was achieved. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1. It was required that the power transmission of binder should have a shifting mechanism so that velocities of pick-up and traveling units could be changed independently as desired according to the Japonica-type and Tongil varieties. In other words, the desired velocity of traveling unit should be obtained by shifting the transmission and the velocity of pick-up unit should be selected by reaping clutch according to the variety independent of the velocity of traveling unit as shown in Fig. 6. 2. To reduce grain loss it was desired that the moving parts of the pick-up unit should have the lowest possible velocities in harvesting Tongil varieties, unless the reduction of the speed be hindered the conveyance of the material. Based on the study, it was concluded that the velocities of pick-up unit be reduced by about 35% of those of the existing units. 3. It was found that the lug at the upper rotating section of pick-up case gave a severe impact on the ears of rice to increase grain loss. The optimum design of pick-up case to protect the ears from the protruding part of the lug was recommended by the result of analysis of the trajectory of the end-point of lug at the position. 4. It was proved analytically and experimentally that pick-up unit at the lower-rotating part was the other important source of grain loss in pick-up and divider assembly. In order to reduce a grain loss incurred by lugs at their lower-rotating section, it was suggested to improve it by (1) widening the space between right and left lower-rotating section, (2) shortening the length of lugs, (3) enlargement of the angle between the pick-up case and ground-level, and (4) attaching guard to right and left dividers so that the rotating lug could not give a high impact to the paddy hill. 5. Pick-up and divider assembly of the original binder of three models studied was modified according to the suggestions that were given by the preliminary study. Field test showed that the modified binders were able to reduce grain losses by about 0.4-0.7 percentage points compared to those without modification.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.73-84
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• 2006

Effects of railway tunnel excavation on water level at a national groundwater monitoring station in Mokpo were evaluated by field investigation and numerical groundwater modeling. The water level at the station has experienced a decline of about 5 m within 1 year since July 2002. From the field investigation, it was concluded that decrease of precipitation oo increase of grundwater use was not reason for the decline. The Mokpo tunnel of new Honam railway, 70 m apart from the national station, appeared most plausible cause and a period of the tunnel excavation generally well matches up that of the drawdown. To quantify the effects of the tunneling on the water level, a groundwater flow modeling was performed. Especially, a most probable conceptual model was optimized through multiple preliminary simulations of various scenarios because there were few hydrogeological data available for the study area. The optimized model was finally used for the quantification. Based on the field investigation and the numerical simulations, it was concluded that the tunnel excavation was one of the most probable reasons for the substantial water level decline but further hydrogeologic investigation and continuous monitoring are essentially required for the surrounding area.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2001

Introduction of new design tools has been required to optimally design and operate the ventilation system of long vehicle tunnels.. The demand has led to wide spread use of the simulation technique throughout the would to analysis the dynamic relationship among the variables associated with vehicle tunnel ventilation. This paper aims at performing on-site study at local tunnels to test the applicability of NETVEN, a simulation model vehicle tunnel ventilation. The study was carried out at four urban as well as highway tunnels model of vehicle tunnel ventilation. The study was carried out at four urban as well as highway tunnels employing different ventilation systems as well as traffic methods. There were some discrepancies sound between the simulation output and measurements and the following four factors are considered to mainly cause those disagreement. (1) The real situation shows distinctive transient and retarding characteristics with respect to air flow and contaminant dispersion, while ventilation forces are not steady-state and in particular those traffic and climatic variables show significant instantaneous variation. (3) Near the exit portal, the CO levels show bigger differences. The general trend is that data with higher CO concentrations carry bigger discrepancies. Turbulent diffusion is though to be the main reason for it and also contribute to the fact hat the highest CO concentrations are found at the locations somewhat inward, not at the exit portals. (4) Higher traffic rate results in higher discrepancies of ventilation velocity. Along with the exhaust characteristics, the vehicle aerodynamic characteristics need to be studied continuously in order to reduce the velocity disagreement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.496-503
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• 2020

The regeneration of Incheon Inner Port is a recent, representative case of conflict related to urban policies. This study aimed to analyze the conflicts that have arisen during the urban regeneration process. This study was a qualitative study, and the conflict management strategy was derived by analyzing the conflict process, subject, and content. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, central governmental agencies have proposed a clear plan that is mainly focused on the port redevelopment project through the participation of private sector businesses. Second, Incheon is pursuing a new vision called "Creative City" with specific urban regeneration. Third, the Incheon Port Authority is required to maximize the efficiency of the regeneration projects. Fourth, organizations such as port logistics companies and port trade unions are demanding the use of port space. Fifth, local residents and civic groups insist that the entire Inner Harbor should be returned to the citizens. Therefore, the establishment of city planning and administrative guidelines is necessary to manage Incheon Inner Harbor and surrounding areas in a desirable manner in order to develop a regeneration philosophy for Incheon Inner Harbor. Furthermore, the establishment of cooperative governance is required for the participation of various stakeholders.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.425-432
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• 2016

When user estimates user's position, GPS positions can be obtained from the navigation message transmitted from the GPS. However, the broadcast ephemeris cannot be used in the applications required high-level accuracies because it can cause errors of several meters. To correct satellite positions and clocks, user can use RTS corrections provided by IGS. In this paper, the accuracy of broadcast and RTS corrections are analyzed by comparing with the IGS final for 3-months. The RTS errors are analyzed for each user's locations and satellite blocks. The correlations between errors and shadow condition, and solar and geomagnetic activities are analyzed. The latency is applied to the RTS corrections, and these are extrapolated by polynomial. Then, the extrapolated RTS are compared with true RTS. The single-day performances of the PPP by broadcast ephemeris and RTS corrected ephemeris are analyzed. As a result, RTS 3D orbit and clock errors are 1/20 and 1/3 less than broadcast ephemeris errors. 3D positioning error of the RTS is 1/5 less than that of broadcast ephemeris.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.28-37
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• 2018

It is necessary to produce and maintain interior lighting design reasonably and actively. Based on the lighting design applicable to interior design, the purpose of this study is to take into consideration the public design of public facilities installed in neighborhood parks and thereby to suggest a module-type variable interior lighting product design for reasonable use. To achieve that, relevant studies were reviewed to find the basic concepts of a module and the best cases of interior lighting applicable to interior design. To draw a new concept of the lighting design to which the concept of a module is applied, this study suggested the design direction for practical product development and a module-type design featuring easy process, product storage, assembly, and management, analyzed the reasonable maintenance direction for the development of lighting design, and proposed a case of design development applicable to the development of a new product design. Through cognitive strategy process, the design was made. This process, as a conceptual strategy, included the step of interior environment analysis, the step of lighting maintenance, the step of variable mechanism, and the step of emotional activation. These steps were connected with formative beauty of design so as to suggest a MLD(Module Lamp Design) strategy. In this way, this study tried to connect humans' free application for a space to a module product and to apply humans' visual approach and free conceptual value to MLD cognitive strategy design process for development.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.241-262
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• 2016

British TV Channel 4 is one of the famous TV Channel in the world. Its station ID has also played a leading role in the developments of Motion Graphics including station IDs. This station ID's main visual design concept is its name and an iconic logo '4' at the same time. The first channel 4 station ID was designed by using modular typography to construct the iconic '4'. Modular typography is a technique of creating letters with similar elements. Channel 4's station ID was constructed from coloured polygons. The polygons split and converge at the same point in 3D space. Modularity in Channel 4's station ID is evidenced by the similar units of polygons. After the first station ID, Channel 4 was re-branded. Eventhough the station IDs which followed did not use coloured and geometrical polygons, modularity is seen in most of the station IDs especially between 2004 - 2011. In these station IDs, the iconic '4' is formed from similar natural and environmental objects like rocks, buildings, lights etc. In this analysis paper, there is a visual narrative on the history of Channel 4, the concept of modular typography in the original station ID and the application of modular typography in other Channel 4's station IDs.