• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.561-572
• /
• 2017

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 1997

생육초기의 수분부족 장애에 대한 콩의 생리적 및 작물학적인 여러 형질들의 반응양상과 콩 품종들의 한발저항성을 구명하기 위하여 황금콩 등 8품종을 공시하고 생육초기반응에 대해서 토양 수분장력을 -0.3, -5및 -10bar로 달리하여 폿트를 이용한 토양재배를 하였던 바 그 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육초기 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애시는 모든 생육지표에서 생육을 감소시켰는데 특히 엽면적과 지상부건물중의 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 토양수분 부족장애에 의한 생육감소의 품종간 차이는 절대엽면적이 큰 황금콩의 감소율이 높고, 엽면적이 작은 수원 9003가 감소율이 제일 작았다. 2. 엽중 proline 및 ABA 함량은 20일간의 토양수분 부족장애로 인해 현저히 증가하였는데, proline은 무처리구에 비해 -5 bar에서 26배내외, -10 bar에서 65배 내외 증가되었고 ABA는 각각 2.5배 및 2.9배 정도 증가되었는데, 품종들의 엽면적감소율 순위와 proline 또는 ABA 함량의 증가순위와는 일치하지 않았다. 3. 콩 생육초기 20일간 토양수분 부족장애 처리후 생육량 감소 정도와 수량의 무처리구 대비 백분율을 기준으로 품종을 구분하여 보면, 백운콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율이 작으면서 수량 감소율도 작은 품종이었으며, 팔달콩은 엽면적과 총건물중의 감소율은 크나 수량 감소율은 작은 품종이었고, Hodgson 78은 어느 형질이나 감소율이 큰 품종이었다. 4. 토양수분 부족장애가 없을 경우 수량이 높았던 장백콩과 남천콩은 토양 수분 부족장애로 인해 수량 감소율은 컸지만 수분부족 장애시에도 타품종들에 비해 수량이 높았다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 1993

1971~1989년(年)에 수행(遂行)된 기존시비량 시험성적(試驗成績)을 종합(綜合)하여 보리, 대두(大豆), 옥수수, 마늘, 양파 및 감자의 6개작물(個作物)에 대한 3요소(要素) 비료(肥料)의 수량반응(收量反應)을 검토(檢討)하였으며, 아울러 토양(土壤)의 화학성분(化學成分) 검정치(檢定値)와 시비량(施肥量)과의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 3요소구(要素區) 수량(收量) 100에 대한 각요소(各要素) 결제구(缺除區) 수량지수(收量指數)는 작물간(作物間)에 차이(差異)가 있어서 질소(窒素) 43~92, 인산(燐酸) 71~94, 가리(加里) 88~96이었으며, 결제구(缺除區) 수량지수(收量指數)로 본 비효(肥效)는 질소(窒素)의 경우 보리, 감자 및 옥수수, 인산(燐酸)은 개간지토양(開墾地土壤)에서 재배(栽培)한 보리와 대두(大豆), 가리(加里)는 감자 및 보리에서 현저(顯著)하였다. 2. 3요소(要素) 시비적정량(施肥適正量)은 질소(窒素) 4.0~23.2, 인산(燐酸) 6.0~45.0, 가리(加里) 6.6~21.9kg/10a로서 토양(土壤) 및 작물간(作物間)에 차이(差異)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 3. 3요소(要素) 시비효율(施肥效率)은 토양별(土壤別)로 보면 기경지가 개간지(開墾地)보다 높으며 작물별(作物別)로는 감자, 양파>보리, 옥수수>대두(大豆) 순(順)으로 높았다. 4. 시험전(試驗前) 토양(土壤)의 유기물(有機物)과 질소시비량(窒素施肥量), 토양(土壤)의 유효인산(有效燐酸)과 인산시비량(燐酸施肥量), 토양(土壤)의 치환성(置換性) 가리(加里)와 가리시비량(加理施肥量)과의 관계(關係)에서 부(負)의 직선(直線) 내지 곡선(曲線) 회귀식(回歸式)을 구(求)할 수 있어서 양파를 제외(除外)한 5개(個) 작물(作物)의 재배(栽培)를 위한 적정량(適正量)의 시비추천(施肥推薦)이 가능(可能)하였다. 5. 토양검정치(土壤檢定値)를 기준(基準)하여 추천(推薦)된 시비량(施肥量)을 8개(個) 작물재배지역(作物栽培地域)에 적용(適用)하므로 인산(燐酸) 11.8~80.0%, 가리(加里) 0~62.5%의 절감(節減)이 가능(可能)하였으나, 질소(窒素)는 작물재배지역(作物栽培地域)에 따라서는 감비(減肥)는 물론 증비(增肥)도 필요(必要)하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 1998

Inhibition of nodule formation and nitrogen fixation by soil nitrogen, primarily nitrate, is well known in legume plants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and growth of supernodulating soybean mutant and its wild type. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare two of supernodulating mutants, 'SS2-2' and 'nts 382', with the normal nodulating cultivar 'Sinpaldalkong 2' when grown in a 1-l styroform cup filled with sand, and fertilized with five levels of ${NO_3}^-$ (0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 mM). During the growth period, each plant was supplied two or three times a week with 50 mL of nutrient solution. Supernodulating soybean mutants, SS2-2 and nts 382, showed more nodules and nodule mass, and greater $C_2\;H_2$ activity than the wild type, Sinpaldalkong 2, regardless of the level of exogeneous nitrogen supply. On the other hand, total dry weight of SS2-2 mutant, which was smaller than Sinpaldalkong 2, did not respond to the various ${NO_3}^-$-N levels. This suggested that supernodulating SS2-2 mutant could maintain fairly high total dry weight at the low ${NO_3}^-$-N level, even in the absence of exogeneous ${NO_3}^-$-N in the nutrient solution. From the reduced top growth and high nitrogen fixing ability of supernodulating mutants, it was surmised that supernodulating mutant could potentially protect agricultural environments from pollution through the reduction in nitrogen fertilization as well as maintain fairly high yield with increasing planting density.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2004

To find out the responses of soybean genotypes in terms of different levels of irrigation with the aim of evaluating the growth, yield, and its optimum levels of irrigation, an experiment was conducted at the Field of Crop Botany Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2000 to February 2001. Five levels of irrigation viz. $\textrm{I}_0$: no irrigation, $\textrm{I}_1$: one time irrigation at 20 days after sowing (DAS), $\textrm{I}_2$:two times irrigation at 20 and 40 DAS, $\textrm{I}_3$: three times irrigation at 20, 40, and 60 DAS, and $\textrm{I}_4$: four times irrigation at 20, 40, 60, and 80 DAS and three genotypes of soybean viz. BS-3, BS-16, and BS-60 were used in this experiment. The crop was grown in a split plot design having three replications. The plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, shoot dry weight, branches $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, filled pods $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, seeds $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, seed yield, and harvest index were influenced significantly by irrigation and these were found to be highest at three times irrigation except branches $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$. The chlorophyll content increased but empty pods $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$ decreased with increase in irrigation levels. Genotypes of soybean varied significantly in terms of growth attributes at various growth stages except shoot dry weight at 90 DAS. The genotype BS-3 performed better compared to other genotypes and gave maximum seed yield.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1435-1446
• /
• 2022

Zinc-solubilizing bacteria can convert the insoluble form of zinc into soluble forms available to plants. This study was conducted to isolate and screen zinc-solubilizing actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils and to assess their effect on vegetable soybean growth. In total, 200 actinobacteria strains belonging to 10 genera were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. Among these isolates, four showed zinc solubilization with solubilizing index values ranging from 3.11 to 3.78 on Bunt and Rovira agar supplemented with 0.1% zinc oxide. For the quantitative assay, in broth culture, strains CME34 and EX51 solubilized maximum available zinc contents of 529.71 and 243.58 ㎍/ml. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia were produced by these two strains, the strain CME34 produced the highest amount of IAA 4.62 ㎍/ml and the strain EX51 produced the highest amount of ammonia 361.04 ㎍/ml. In addition, the phosphate-solubilizing abilities in Pikovskaya's medium of CME34 and EX51 were 64.67 and 115.67 ㎍/ml. Based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequencing, the strains CME34 and EX51 were closely related to the genus Streptomyces. In a greenhouse experiment, single-strain inoculation of Streptomyces sp. CME34 or EX51 significantly increased the shoot length, root length, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant of vegetable soybean plants compared to the uninoculated control. These findings facilitated the conclusion that the two Streptomyces strains have potential as zinc solubilizers and can be suggested as bioinoculants to promote the growth and yield of soybean.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.236-241
• /
• 2013

콩 재배 시 호밀을 이용한 초생피복은 잡초억제에 따른 잡초제어 노력 절감, 제초제 절감 및 토양보전 등 친환경적 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 호밀의 초생피복 시 호밀과 콩의 동시파종 기술의 구명을 위하여 2010년은 파종기 (5월 15일, 5월 25일, 6월 5일) 및 콩 파종 조 간격(35 및 70 cm)을 달리하고, 2011년은 콩 품종(대풍 및 신기) 및 파종기(5월 15일, 6월 1일)를 달리하면서 콩의 조파, 호밀은 산파하면서 동시에 파종하였고, 각각 잡초억제, 콩의 초기생육 및 종실수량을 조사하였다. 2010년 호밀 초생피복은 alachlor를 처리한 무피복보다 피의 발생은 다소 증가하였지만 깨풀의 발생이 현저히 줄어 호밀의 초생피복을 이용하여 깨풀를 생태적으로 방제할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2011년 무피복 구에서 alachlor에 urea 계통인 linulon를 혼용하였을 때 깨풀의 발생이 현저히 줄었다. 콩의 단위면 적당 초기 생육량은 호밀 초생피복 시 현저히 감소하였지만, 콩 파종 조 간격을 협폭(35 cm)으로 하였을 때 단위 면적당 콩의 초기 생육량 증가에 따른 조기 토양피복으로 잡초발생이 다소 억제되었다. 그러나 파종기가 6월 초순으로 늦어질수록 초생피복의 잡초발생 및 콩 초기생육에 미치는 영향이 적고, 콩 수량이 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 관행(70 cm)이 협폭(35 cm)보다 증가하였다. 콩의 호밀초생피복 이용 시 잡초발생량, 잡초관리 및 수량성을 고려할 때 관행재배와 같이 파종기를 6월 초순으로 하고, 콩조 간격을 70 cm로 하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2022

Drought becomes frequent and severe because of continuous global warming, leading to a significant loss of crop yield. In soybean (Glycine max [L.]), most of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses for drought tolerance have conducted by investigating yield changes under water-restricted conditions at the reproductive stages. More recently, the necessity of QTL studies to use physiological indices responding to drought at the early growth stages besides the reproductive ones has arisen due to the unpredictable and prevalent occurrence of drought throughout the soybean growing season. In this study, we thus identified QTLs conferring wilting scores and moisture contents of soybean subjected to drought stress in the early vegetative stage using an recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Taekwang (drought-sensitive) and SS2-2 (drought-tolerant). For the two traits, the same major QTL was located on chromosome 10, accounting for up to 11.5% of phenotypic variance explained with LOD score of 12.5. This QTL overlaps with a reported QTL for the limited transpiration trait in soybean and harbors an ortholog of the Arabidopsis ABA and drought-induced RING-D UF1117 gene. Meanwhile, one of important features of plant drought tolerance is their ability to limit transpiration rates under high vapor pressure deficiency in response to mitigate water loss. However, monitoring their transpiration rates is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, only a few population-level studies regarding transpiration rates under the drought condition have been reported so far. Via employing an Arduino-based platform, for the reasons addressed, we are measuring and recording total pot weights of soybean plants every hour from the 1^st day after water restriction to the days when the half of the RILs exhibited permanent tissue damage in at least one trifoliate. Gradual decrease in moisture of soil in pots as time passes refers increase in the severity of drought stress. By tracking changes in the total pot weights of soybean plants, we will infer transpiration rates of the mapping parents and their RILs according to different levels of VPD and drought stress. The profile of transpiration rates from different levels of severity in the stresses facilitates a better understanding of relationship between transpiration-related features, such as limited maximum transpiration rates, to water saving performances, as well as those to other drought-responsive phenotypes. Our findings will provide primary insights on drought tolerance mechanisms in soybean and useful resources for improvement of soybean varieties tolerant to drought stress.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 1995

Ditylenchus destructor isolated from diseased ginseng roots was cultured on ginseng calli, fungal mycelium (Fusarium solani), carrot discs and radish sprouts. Effects of temperature, organic material and flooding on the nematode population changes were examined. D. destructor multiplied readily on the culture media except radish sprout medium, and was cultured best on the fungal culture at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Feeding of the fungal hypha and radish root hairs, molting and mating in the fungal culture medium were observed. Addition of organic materials (perilla, sesame, soybean and ginseng leaves) in soil significantly increased Aphelenchus avenae and saprophytic nematode populations, while D. destructor populations changed little and the nematode population growths were limited by the organic amendments (except sesame leaves). The nematode populations in soil including D. destructor were decreased by flooding. The results indicate that D. destructor may survive but not multiply readily in soil without host plants and that it can be effectively controlled by flooding.