• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 1999

Excessive soil water at vegetative growth stages during the rainy season induces yield losses in soybeans. Our objectives were to obtain basic information about the cultivar differences and to understand the stress-tolerance process for due to excessive soil water. Previous experiments revealed soybean genotypic differences in tolerance to excessive soil water. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul on 21 May 1998. Soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars, 'Hannamkong' (sensitive) and 'Taekwan-gkong'(tolerant) were planted in vinyl-lined plots(1.2 x 4.2 x 0.3 m deep) and control plots. Drip irrigation began at VI growth stage to submerge the soil surface. Three weeks of excessive soil water treatment reduced all growth parameters measured to soybean plants. Excessive soil water stress resulted in decreases of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu, and increases of Fe and Mn contents in soybean leaves. The stress index of tolerant cultivars under excessive soil water showed no large difference in soybean growth characteristics measured at three growth stages. However, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn contents in soybean leaves appeared to differ between sensitive and tolerant cultivars. From the above results, stress and tolerance indices are proposed for a method to test cultivar differences in plant responses within a species under adverse growth environments.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen credit of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the nitrogen balance of soybean in soybean-barley cropping systems. Soybean cultivar, Shinpaldalkong2 and barley cultivar, Olbori, were used in soybean mono-cropping (SM), barley monocropping (BM), and barley­soybean double cropping system. The barley-soybean double cropping system was treated with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizers, 0 nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F0), and standard nitrogen fertilizer (BS-F1). Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations in soil of BS-F1 plot on October, 2001 were increased $4.8\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively, compared with those on October, 2000. The ranges of BNF rate in soybean were $69.1\~ 88.2\%$ in two years, and the rate was the highest in BS-F0 plot and the lowest in SM plot. The ranges of nitrogen harvest index (NHI) in all treatments were $83.9\~86.7\%$. The yield was 270 kg/10a in BS­F1 plot and 215 kg/10a in BS-F0 plot. However, the nitrogen balances were +0.6 kg/10a of gain of soil nitrogen in BS-F0 plot and -0.4 kg/10a of loss of soil nitrogen in BS-F1 plot. In comparisons of SM and BS-F1 plots, although the seed yields were similar in two plots, the loss of soil nitrogen was higher in SM than BS-F1 plot. Overall, our results suggest that barley-soybean double cropping system was more effective in respect to seed productivity and soil nitrogen conservation than soybean monocropping system, and the N credit to following crops by soybean cultivation was identified in soybean double cropping system.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1993

This study is to analyze both root growth and soil moisture extraction pattern during the growing period of upland crops with respect to soybean, redpepper, sesame. Field and lysimeter tests were conducted under 12 treatments of soil moisture level by the San Cristobal experimental design(1981) and 3 soil type(sand, sandy loam, silty loam) for 4 years('87-'90) at the experimental plot of Rural Development Administration located in Suwon. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1.For soybean, redpepper and sesame, root growth in dry soil was better than that in wet soil and it could be expressed as a sin function in terms of time. Maximum root depth was about 55cm, 44cm, 40cm respectively. 2.The average soil moisture extraction pattern for soybean, redpepper and sesame were 61.4%, 62.8%, 79.5% for zone l(0-l5cm). 25.5%, 27.1%, 18.3%, for zone 2(15-30cm).11.4%, 9.8%, 2.3% for zone 3(30-45cm), 1.7%, 0.3%, 0.04% for zone 4(45-60cm) respectively. This means that Zone 1 would be the dominant zone in irrigation scheduling. 3.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture extraction pattern(SMEP) was varied somewhat according to the erent maintenance of soil moisture level. The average SMEP for high maintenance of soil moisture was 46%, 29%, 17%, 8%, for middle maintenance of soil moisture was 43%, 29%, 17%, 11 % and for low maintenance of soil moisture was 40%, 28%, 20%, 12%, respectively. 4.With respect to soybean, the soil moisture in the upper layer was distinctly consumed more than that in the lower layer for clay loam soil and the soil moisture of all layers was consumed evenly for sand soil. The SMEP for sandy loam soil showed a middle result compared with the above 2 soil types.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect on evapotranspiration and yield of soybean according to different soil water conditions, and to find the optimum time and amount for irrigation in soybean cultivation. The difference between potential evapotranspiration (PET) and maximum evapotranspiration (MET) during growing season of soybean planted in lysimeter was higher during reproductive stage than during vegetative one. The maximum crop coefficient was obtained at beginning seed stage of soybean. Soil water coefficient of irrigation treatment was higher than that of non-irrigation treatment during soybean growth stage in field experiment. Grain yield was highest in lysimeter due to its high water use efficiency and evapotranspiration rate.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2019

저투입생산환경에서 콩 재배가 토양미생물군집활성도에 미치는 영향에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 초기 비료 및 퇴비 투입 후 유기물은 재배기간 내내 콩을 재배한 화분이 감자를 재배한 화분보다 높게 나타났으며, 토양 중 인산은 콩을 재배한 토양에 비해 감자를 재배한 토양에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. DHA 값은 콩을 재배한 토양이 생육기간 전반에 걸쳐 감자를 재배한 토양보다 유의하게 높게 나타나 토양미생물 활성도가 콩을 재배한 토양에서 증가됨을 알 수 있었고, 이러한 결과는 콩을 재배한 토양의 유기물함량 증가에도 영향을 미친것으로 판단된다. DGGE로 토양미생물군집을 분석한 결과 Proteobacteria 문(phylum)에 속하는 미생물들이 공통적으로 확인되었으며, 감자를 재배한 토양이 콩을 재배한 토양보다 다양한 미생물이 동정되었다. 또한, 콩 재배 토양의 높은 토양미생물활성도는 콩 재배 시 형성되는 소수의 특정한 미생물들에 의한 영향으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2006

본 연구는 미사양토인 호남평야지 논토양에서 벼와 콩의 윤작재배에 의한 토양화학성 변화와 작물생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 벼 연작, 콩-벼 1년 윤작, 콩 2년-벼 1년 윤작, 콩 3년-벼 1년 윤작의 처리를 두었다. 논 토양에서 벼를 연작 후 토양 중 pH, 토양 유기물, $Ca^{2+}$와 $K^+$함량은 별 변화가 없었으나 유효 인산함량은 점차 감소하였다. 한편 벼와 콩의 윤작으로 토양 중 유기물 함량은 감소하고, 유효인산과 $Ca^{2+}$와 $K^+$함량은 증가하였으며, 벼 생육기간 중 토양 중 암모니아태 질소함량도 높아졌다. 이러한 토양 중 양분함량의 변화로 인해 벼의 $m^2$당 수수와 수당립수가 많아져서, 쌀 수량은 1~4%증가하였다. 콩은 연작 연수가 길어질수록 수량이 낮아지는 경향이어서, 콩 논 재배 시에는 벼와 매년 윤작하는 것이 수량 저하를 방지하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2000

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] crops, grown in a rice soybean rotation, can suffer when grown in soil with excessive moisture. The objective of this work were to determine the reduction in growth and yield, responses of vegetative and reproductive growth of soybean to excessive soil moisture achieved by prolonged irrigation. Responses of different cultivars were determined at growth stages from V6 to R8 to clarify the sensitive growth stages or characteristics to excessive soil moisture. Cultivar differences in response to excessive soil moisture condition were conspicuous in seed dry weight and harvest index (HI) but not in the response of seed number or pod number per plant. The timing of irrigation causing the condition of excessive soil moisture influenced the vegetative or reproductive traits. Soybean plants were more affected by irrigation commencing at the pre-flowering than at the post-flowering stage. Post-flowering irrigation did not reduce growth of vegetative organs significantly; in fact the growth of stems and leaves was facilitated by the prolonged irrigation commencing at flowering. Differences between cultivar response to prolonged irrigation were assumed to relate to the reduced amount of assimilates translocated to the reproductive organ.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.644-650
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• 2016

In soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals, the amount absorbed and accumulated varies depending on the environment conditions. The absorption rate of cadmium (Cd) in plants differs considerably depending on the bioavailability of Cd in the soil, while usage by various organic matters is also reported to affect absorption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the difference in the transfer of essential metal ions and Cd to various plant parts when rice straw compost was used to cultivate soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Daepung). In the two-leaf stage of soybean cultivated in a greenhouse, Cd was mixed in the soil, after which the Cd and essential metal ions contents, and physiological changes of soybean seedlings were studied on the 15th and 25th day. The Cd toxicity in the plant was reduced with the use of rice straw compost. Further, the Cd content varied with the plant part, and was higher in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf) than in the stem. When analyzed by leaf age, the Cd transfer was highest in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf), followed by mature leaves (1st and 2nd leaf). While there was no significant difference between plant tissues in the absorption rate of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) when rice straw compost was used against Cd toxicity, the absorption rate of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) showed a significant decline in both the control and rice straw compost treatment conditions, as well as a significant difference between leaf ages. Therefore, these results confirm that the use of rice straw compost against Cd toxicity is effective, and implies that the rate of Cd transfer in the soybean plant varies significantly with leaf age.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-328
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• 2017

두둑과 고랑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 농업에서 유기물 투입과 관수 효과를 구명하고자 무경운 토양에서 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 토양 미생물상 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 토양 세균과 곰팡이 수는 대두박 무 투입구에 비하여 많았다. 그리고 유기질비료 투입량이 표준시비량 66%까지 증가되면 세균과 곰팡이 수는 증가되었으나, 그 이상에서는 세균과 곰팡이 수가 감소되는 경향이었다. 곰팡이/세균 비율은 관수 방법과 관계없이 대두박 투입 처리에서 0.6과 1.1로, 무투입 처리의 0.2와 0.5보다 2배 이상 높았다. 1회 전량 관수 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 증가되면 대두박을 투입한 처리는 방선균 수는 감소되는 경향이었으나, 대두박 무투입에서는 증가되었다. 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 대두박 무 투입 조건에서 세균과 곰팡이 수가 증가되었으나, 대두박 투입조건에서는 방선균 수가 증가되었다. 2. 토양 효소 유기질 비료의 시비량이 증가되면 토양 내 Chitinase 활성은 대두박 투입 토양에서 감소되고, 대두박 무 투입에서는 증가되는 경향이었다. 그러나 대두박을 투입에 관계없이 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 Chitinase 활성이 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 ${\beta}$-Glucosidase 활성은 무투입에 비하여 높았으며, 유기질 비료 투입량이 증가되면 표준시비량의 66%까지는 ${\beta}$-Glucosidase 활성이 증가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 감소되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수 토양 내 ${\beta}$-Glucosidase 활성은 1회 전량관수에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박을 투입한 처리의 N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 무투입구에 비하여 높았다. 대두박 투입 처리에서 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량의 66%까지 증가되면 N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 표준량의 66% 수준에서는 토양 내 산성인산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성 높았다. 대두박 투입 조건에서는 유기질 비료 시비량이 증가되면 산성인산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성은 증가되는 경향이었다. 3. 토양 AMF 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료의 투입량이 표준시비량의 66%까지 증가되면 토양의 내생균근균의(AMF) 포자수는 증가되었으나, 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량에서는 근균의 포자수는 감소되었다. 그러나 대두박 투입에서 근균의 포자수는 유기질 비료 투입량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그리고 내생 근균의 고추 뿌리에 정착률은 대두박 투입량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 2회 분할 관수도 같은 경향이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2009

Knowledge about how to stabilize soil structure is essential to conserve soil systems and maintain various biogeochemical processes through soil. In urban area, soil structural systems are degraded with inappropriate management and land use and become vulnerable to erosion. We analyzed the structural changes of surface soils with different land uses, i.e., forests, parks, roadside green area, riparian area, and farmlands (soybean fields), in the Anyang Stream Watershed in order to find the factors influencing the stability of soil structure and the implication for better management of surface soil. Soil organic matter contents of other land use soils were only 18~52% of that in forest soils. Soil organic matter increased the stability of soil aggregates in the order of soybean fields < roadsides < riparian < parks < forests and also reduced soil bulk density (increased porosity). The lowest stability of soybean field soils was attributed to the often disturbance like tillage and it was considered that higher stability of park soils comparing to other land use soils except forests was owing to the covering of soil surface with grass. These results suggest that supply of soil organic matter and protection of soil surface with covering materials are very important to increase porosity and stability of soil structure.