• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of inoculum and carbon sources on anaerobic digestion characteristics. The treatments were combinations of inoculum (digestate of cattle manure and rumen fluid) with carbon sources (starch, cellulose, and xylan). Anaerobic digestion was performed in triplicate at $37^{\circ}C$ for 18 days at 100 rpm. Sampling was performed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days to measure pH, ammonia-N, volatile solids reduction, the cumulative methane content, and the cumulative methane production. There was a significant difference in methane content depending on the carbon source and there was a significant difference in pH, ammonia-N, methane production, and methane content depending on the inoculum (P < 0.05). The results of methane production were higher in the digestate of cattle manure treatment than in the rumen fluid treatment (P < 0.05). In this study, different digestive patterns depending on the type of carbon source could be used as basic research data to set the hydraulic residence time of anaerobic digestion facilities. In addition, the use of ruminal fluid as an inoculum may help accelerate the hydrolysis and acid production steps.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 1996

The experiment investigated the possibility of using effluent from RUSITEC (rumen simulation technique) inoculated with rumen liquor or cow faeces as sources of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages. Nine forages ${\times}3$ sources of inoculum were used in a factorial arrangement of treatments. Rumen liquor was collected from fistulated sheep and faeces was collected from cows. The RUSITEC apparatus consisted of 4 vessels, 2 vessels were charged with faecal liquor and 2 with rumen liquor. On the 8th day of the experiment RUSITEC effluent were collected to use in in vitro studies. In vitro OMD (g/kg) values using three sources of inoculum (fresh rumen liquor, RUSITEC effluent from rumen liquor or cow faeces) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The regression relationships between OMD using fresh rumen liquor and RUSITEC effluent were highly significant ($R^2>0.90$). The results suggest that RUSITEC effluent either from rumen liquor or cow faeces can be used as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.557-562
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 토양, 담수 및 염수 퇴적물, 슬러지 등 8종의 접종원을 이용하여 배양인자(기질종류, 염농도, 배양온도)에 따른 바이오수소 생산 잠재능을 평가하고 최적조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 각 접종원 별 바이오수소 생산속도는 배양온도와 접종원 종류에 의해 유의한 영향을 받았다. 반면 기질종류와 염농도는 바이오수소 생산속도에 대체로 유의한 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 고온(50°)보다 중온(37℃)의 배양 온도가 수소 생산에 더 적합하였으며, 8종의 접종원 중에서 중에서는 혐기소화슬러지의 수소 생산능이 가장 우수하였다. 혐기소화슬러지의 최대 수소 생산속도는 중온(37℃)과 고온(50℃)에서 각각 2,729.0 및 1,384.7 ml-H₂·l^-1·d^-1였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2003

Pseudomonas elodea ATCC 31461에 의해 생산되는 미생물 다당류인 gellan의 최적 조건을 확립하기 위해 flask상에서 inoculum size, 탄소원 종류 및 농도, 질소원 종류, C/N ratio등을 조사하였다. Gellan 생산을 위한 최적 inoculum size는 5%(v/v)로 나타났으며, 1.0%(w/v)의 glucose에서 2.22의 최대 specific yield 와 $0.03 g/\ell$의 생산성을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 ammonium nitrate가 없을 때 최대 생산을 얻을 수 있어, gellan 생산을 위해서 nitrogen limitation이 필요함을 알 수 있었다 Glucose와 bactopeptone을 이용하여 C/N ratio를 조사한 결과 20에서 gellan 생산이 가장 높게 나왔다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.103-105
• /
• 2007

Mechanical transmission of barley seedlings with barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is generally inefficient and is the major constraint for testing cultivar resistance to the virus. To explore mechanical transmission, BaYMV-infected barley plants were grown at different conditions and used as inoculum sources to seedlings of susceptible barley cultivar Baegdong. Extracts prepared from BaYMV-infected Baegdong plants at 47, 53, 74, and 90 days after symptom appearance (DASA) and grown at 10 and $12^{\circ}C$ gave 10, 30, 68 and 76% infection, respectively on inoculated susceptible barley cv. Baegdong seedlings. While Jinyangbori, another susceptible cultivar obtained 95% infection rate inoculated with extracts from 90 DASA disease source and grown at $10/12^{\circ}C$. However, low infection rates were obtained when the virus sources were grown in a greenhouse at $15-18^{\circ}C$. Our results indicate that longer incubation period and lower temperature are required for virus accumulation and stability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.1444-1452
• /
• 2007

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences in microbial activity of five faecal inocula from weaned pigs and one faecal inoculum from unweaned pigs in combination with 6 substrates. The substrates tested were negative control diet, corn, soybean meal, oligofructose (OF), ground chicory roots and a mixture (60% chicory pulp and 40% OF). The inocula used were derived from pigs fed either a corn-soy based diet without antibiotics (NCON), the NCON diet supplemented with oligofructose (OF), a mixture of chicory pulp (40%) and OF (60%) (MIX), ground chicory roots (CHR) or the NCON diet supplemented with antibiotics (PCON). The cumulative gas production measured fermentation kinetics and end products, such as total gas production, ammonia and volatile fatty acids, were also determined. Both the substrate and the inoculum significantly affected the fermentation characteristics. The cumulative gas production curve showed that different substrates caused more differences in traits of fermentation kinetics than the different inocula. Inocula of weaned pigs gave a significantly higher VFA production compared to the inoculum from unweaned animals, whilst the rate of fermentation and the total gas produced did not differ. OF showed the highest fermentation kinetics and the lowest $NH_3$, pH and OM loss compared to other substrates. It was concluded that the microbial activity was significantly affected by substrate and inoculum. Inoculum from weaned pigs had more potential for microbial fermentation of the carbohydrate ingredients and oligofructose than that of unweaned pigs. A combination of high and low polymer inulin may be more beneficial to the gut ecosystem than using high- or low-polymer inulin alone.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제38권12호
• /
• pp.635-640
• /
• 2016

미생물연료전지(MFC)는 하 폐수내의 유기물로부터 전기를 생산할 수 있는 획기적인 기술이지만, 실용화를 위해서는 하 폐수 내의 질소를 제거할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 두 개의 대면적 SEA (separator electrode assembly)로 구성된 평판형 외기환원전극 미생물연료전지(FA-MFC)를 이용하여 질산화 전배양의 유무와 식종원에 따른 총질소제거율을 평가하였다. 질산화 전배양 단계에서 FA-MFC의 질산화율은 식종원과는 무관하게 99% 이상을 나타냈다. 질산화 및 탈질 단계에서 300 mg-COD/L 이하의 낮은 유기물 농도에서는 전배양을 하지 않은 조건의 총질소제거율이 가장 높았다. 유기물 농도가 증가할수록 더 높은 총질소제거율을 나타냈으며, 유기물제거율은 모든 조건에서 95% 이상을 나타냈지만, 종속영양탈질에만 이용되지는 않은 것으로 판단된다. FA-MFC의 전기 발생량은 매우 낮았지만, 유기물과 질소를 동시에 제거할 수 있다는 장점이 있기 때문에 획기적인 하 폐수처리공법으로 발전시킬 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2024

K-Maryblyt has been developed for the effective control of secondary fire blight infections on blossoms and the elimination of primary inoculum sources from cankers and newly emerged shoots early in the season for both apple and pear trees. This model facilitates the precise determination of the blossom infection timing and identification of primary inoculum sources, akin to Maryblyt, predicting flower infections and the appearance of symptoms on various plant parts, including cankers, blossoms, and shoots. Nevertheless, K-Maryblyt has undergone significant improvements: Integration of Phenology Models for both apple and pear trees, Adoption of observed or predicted hourly temperatures for Epiphytic Infection Potential (EIP) calculation, incorporation of adjusted equations resulting in reduced mean error with 10.08 degree-hours (DH) for apple and 9.28 DH for pear, introduction of a relative humidity variable for pear EIP calculation, and adaptation of modified degree-day calculation methods for expected symptoms. Since the transition to a model-based control policy in 2022, the system has disseminated 158,440 messages related to blossom control and symptom prediction to farmers and professional managers in its inaugural year. Furthermore, the system has been refined to include control messages that account for the mechanism of action of pesticides distributed to farmers in specific counties, considering flower opening conditions and weather suitability for spraying. Operating as a pivotal module within the Fire Blight Forecasting Information System (FBcastS), K-Maryblyt plays a crucial role in providing essential fire blight information to farmers, professional managers, and policymakers.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.355-358
• /
• 2001

팽나무버섯균의 배양환경조사에서 최적배양온도는 $20^{\circ}C$, pH는 $6.0{\sim}7.5$ 탄소원은 yellow sugar. potato starch. 질소원은 soybean flour. Yeast extract. 무기염류는 $KH_2PO_4,\;MgSO_4,\;7H_2O$를 0.05%(w/v)에서 우수한 생장을 나타냈다. 액체종균 배양 실험에서는 전 배양시 erlenmeyer flask에서 6 일간 $21^{\circ}C$, 125rpm으로 배양 후 본 배양시 5% 접종량, 1.0vvm 통기로 4-5 일 배양하였을 때 균체량이 높게 나타났다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2002

To maximize and sustain the productivity of Monascus pigments, various environmental and nutritional parameters, such as the initial moisture content, pH, inoculum size, sample size, and nutrient supplement, that influence pigment production were evaluated in solid-state cultures as follows: initial moisture content, $50\%;$ pH, 6.0; inoculum size $1\;\times\;10^4$ spore cells $(grams\;of\;dry\;solid\;substrate)^{-1};$ sample size, 300 g. All supplementary nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources) added has inhibitory effects on the cell growth and red pigment production. In open tray culture the maximum biomass yield and specific productivity of red pigments were 223 mg DCW $(grams\;of\;initial\;dry\;substrate)^{-1}$ and, $47.6\;OD_{500}\;(DCW\;grams)^{-1}h^h{-1}$ respectively.