• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.355-367
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• 2005

In Korea, it is reported that the study about tourism geology, which is a new branch af applied geology that would support the growth of ecotourism world-wide, is significantly deficient. The objectives of this study include (1) the promotion in geodiversity of tourism geology using the data for type and distribution patterns of geological and geomorphological landscapes resources, and (2) the redoubling of diversity in environmental interpretation programs offerend by National Parks Authority (NPA). According to this research results, 62 geological and geomorphological landscape resources in Naejangsan national park were observed. Weathering topography is the most discovered type followed by river, mountain and tectonic topography in decreasing order. It is thought that the above-mentioned data can be utilized to sort and filter by the discussion through consortium organized by geologist and geomorphologist. Furthermore, in order to promote the activation of developing user-oriented geotourism sites, the monitoring on demographical characteristics of geotourists, behaviora characteristics of geotourists within geotourism site, and the analysis for developing geotourism program and events should be accompanied. And, the support of geological engineering dealing the estimation of weathering degree and development of conservation techniques for the object of geotourism will improve the activation of tourism geology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.489-497
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• 2000

Since Chinese cabbages weigh 3 to 5kgf and are big in size at the time of harvest, handling operations such as harvesting, loading and unloading including transportation require the highest labor demand among all other cultivation processes. Recently, though several cabbage harvesters were developed in Japan and Europe, those harvesters were not suitable for Chinese cabbages cultivated in Korea because of the size and shape. The cabbage harvester is almost meaningless without any proper cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism. Most harvesters developed so far adopted a sort of slide and free falling way in collecting cabbages into the pallet. Three or four labors are usually required for cleaning incoming cabbages and loading those in the pallet. Because of the required time for piling cabbages without severe damage and the required space capacity to carry empty and loaded pallets, harvesting speed should be adjusted in accordance with time required for consecutive operations. Up to now, any automatic or semi-automatic collecting device has not been developed in the world to pile cabbages on the layer one by one into the pallet in the ordered way with little damage and to unload pallet from the harvester continuously during the harvest process. To compromise system expenses and function, Semi-automatic cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism was devised and it required one labor. The foldable mesh pallet with a size of 1050mm x 1050mm x 1000mm and holding capacity of around 70 cabbages was utilized. The prototype for piling and unloading mechanism was composed of three parts such as feeding device, automatic piling device with retractable bellows, and pallet unloading device. Prior to developing the prototype, the geometric properties and the amount of the damage of the cabbage caused during the piling operation were investigated. Considering the height of the pallet, a series of cabbage carrying plates were mounted to the bracket chain to lift and to carry cabbages to the loading device. Indoor laboratory experiments showed that the cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked successfully. Considering the conveying speed 0.46m/sec of the pull up belt from the cabbages on the ground, the speed of cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked property in the range of 0.26m/sec to 0.36m/sec. The system allowed the operator to modify the position of cabbage slightly. Overall system worked successfully resulting into almost same capacity without severe damage to the cabbage as human did.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.172-182
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• 2002

Objectives: We did research in the cause of the Pitchers' injury and their recovery process to make a detailed injury list for the purpose of finding the cause of the Korean professional pitchers' injury and its classification. We drew the conclusion through the results as following. Methods: We posed a question to the 80 pitchers playing in the first team of the eight Korean professional baseball team and analyzed the 62 pieces of question paper except the paper having a mistake. We used SAS/PC statistical package in analyzing the data. Results: In the frequency of the pitchers' shoulder injury in the last three years, the injured of all the players were 61.3$\%$ and the injury free players were 28.7$\%$. The cause of the injury was 45.2$\%$ wrong pitching motion, which was the highest value. For the shape of a pain when injured, the reverberation ache feeling when he is hit in the weight commanded an absolute majority as 19.4$\%$. Those who had muscular pain were 17.7$\%$, which was felt mostly at the pitching motion. The most trouble name of the injured shoulder was bicepstendinitis as 16.1$\%$ while the injury of shoulder joint was the lowest as 1.6$\%$. As the most widely used treatment, 25.8 percent of all the players had taken an electronical thraphy after injury. 14.5 percent of the players who had an injury to the shoulder told that they have an operation and 85 percent of them didn't. As a sort of the operation, a repairing of labrum was 44.4 percent, which is the highest value and the 77.8 percent pitchers are performing a normal pitching through rehabilitation after the operation and 22.2 percent of them are undergoing rehabilitation training. Conclusion: The research have shown that the main cause of the injury, concerning the Korean professional pitchers throwing lots of ball in both matches and practices, is overuse syndrome, bad mechanism, muscle weakness and instability of balance. I think that the role of trainer, physical therapy, and team physician taking charge of the players' injury must learn physical test method by heart exactly to check up the state of the injury definitely at the initial phase. Moreover, when the cause of the injury part after a close examination is discovered, the scientific and good surgery is essential to the rehabilitation success and making a classification of shoulder instability is useful to make a operation plan as well as the players' rehabilitation, treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

In 2015, Summits of State and Government at United Nations General Assembly agreed to set the world on a path towards Sustainable Development(SD) through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda. 2030 Agenda adopts 17 Sustainable Development Gooals(SDG) to achieve 3 pillars of social security, economic efficiency and environmental integrity. Sustainable Development Indicators(SDI) which are suggested by UN SDSN(United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network), have been developed for measuring SDG implementation, by which Sustainability Assessment(SA) can be accomplished to check through more holistic approaches to poverty alleviation, social inclusion and environmental management. In Korea, Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment(SEIA) has been applied to PPP(policy, plan, program) by 'Ministry of Environment', whereas 'National Land Planning Assessment(NLPA) which is one sort of SEA has been implemented to evaluate PPP of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport'. Although SEIA and NLPA have been utilized as decision-making support tools for stakeholders including high authorities, the reference criteria of these institutions are not considered as convincible and communicable. Evaluation criteria of alternatives which are core principles for SEIA and NLPA seem so ambiguous and unscientific. Through incorporation of SDI into SEIA, a convenient, quick and credible diagnosis of the key dimensions of SD comprising social equity, economic development and environmental management, can help develop a shared understanding of priorities of implementation of SDG.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: When the pleomorphic adenoma(PA) recures, the tumor tends to become a multinodular mass that infiltrates into the normal tissue which is not a common condition for a benign tumor. This manifestation is probably due to the difference in cell biology of the recurrent tumor compared to that of the primary PA. The aim of this study is to assay the immunhistochemical characteristics of the recurrent PA compared to the primary PA and to evaluate whether this property can be used for developing a method that can select the patients who have higher risk to recur. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients were enrolled in the primary PA group and 15 patients who had a recurrent PA were enrolled in the recurrent PA group. To evaluate the cell biology of the tumor, immunohistochemical stainings of Ki-67, bcl-2 and p53 were performed. Results: There was no difference in the expression of Ki-67 (p=0.117, p=.208) and p53 (p=.430, p=.328). The extent stained by bcl-2 was significantly larger in the recurrent PA group (p=.033, p=.014). The expression of bcl-2 did not increase while time passed. Conclusion: The high expression of bcl-2 seems to be a property of the recurrent PA group which can be found even during first operation before recurrence. By this immunhistochemical characteristic, we would be able to sort out the patients who have higher risk to recur.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2013

Anatoxin-a, saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin are produced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae that is a sort of the cyanobacteria phylum. Therefore, it is not permitted for food materials in Korea. Traditionally, the classification of cyanobacteria has been based on morphological characters such as trichome width, cell size, division planes, shape, and the presence of character such as gas vacuole. But, some diagnostic features, such as gas vacuole or akinetes, can show variation with different environmental or growth conditions and even be lost during cultivation. Therefore, we developed detection method for functional foods containing Aph. flos-aquae by PCR. To design the primer, 16S rRNA region of Aph. flos-aquae, Spirulina laxissima, and Spirulina spp. registered in the GeneBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) have been used and for comparative analysis, BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0. was used. As a result, we was design AFA-F1/AFA-R1 (363 bp) primer for the differentiation Aph. flos-aquae from chlorella, spirulina, green tea, and spinach. Also, it could be distinguished chlorella and spirulina products those are made to contain 1% Aph. flos-aquae.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

The influence of fines of the frost susceptibility of subgrade soils were established by laboratory freezing system test simulating closely the thermal conditions in the field. During the winter season, the climate is heavily influenced by the cold and dry continental high pressure. Because of siberian air mass, the temperature of January is $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$ on average. This chilly weather generate the frost heaving by freezing the moisture of soil and damage potential of the road structure. In the freezing soil, the ice lenses increase the freeze portion of soil by absorbing the ground water with capillary action. However, the capillary characteristics differ from the sort of soil on the state of freezing condition. In the current design codes for anti-freezing layer, the thickness of anti freezing layer is calculated by freezing depth against the temperature condition. Therefore, they have a tendency of over-design and uniform thickness without the considerations of thermal stability, bearing capacity and frost susceptibility of materials. So, it is essential for studying the appropriateness and bearing capacity besides the seasonal and mechanical properties of pavement materials to take a appropriate and reasonable design of the road structure. In this Paper, the evaluation of frost susceptibility was conducted by means of the mechanical property test and laboratory freezing system apparatus. The temperature, heaving amount, heaving pressure and unfrozen water contents of soil samples, the subgrade soils of highway construction site, were measured to determine the frost susceptibility.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest proper additional filtration by comparisons patient dose and image quality among additional filters in digital chest tomosynthesis (DTS). We measured the effective dose, dose area product (DAP) by changing thickness of Cu, Al and Ni filter to compare image quality by CD curve and SNR, CNR. Cu, Al and Ni exposure dose were similar thickness 0.3 mm, 3 mm and 0.3 mm respectively. The exposure dose using filter was decreased average about 33.1% than non filter. The DAP value of 0.3 mm Ni were decreased 72.9% compared to non filter and the lowest dose among 3 filter. The effective dose of 0.3 mm Ni were decreased 48% compared to 0.102 mSv effective dose of non filter. At the result of comparison of image quality through CD curve there were similar aspect graph among Cu, Al and Ni. SNR was decreased average 19.07%, CNR was average decreased 18.17% using 3 filters. In conclusion, Ni filtration was considered to be most suitable when considered comprehensive thickness, character, sort of filter, dose reduction and image quality evaluation in DTS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

For the inspection of wood, machine vision is the most common automated inspection method used at present. It is required to sort wood products by grade and to locate surface defects prior to cut-up. Many different sensing methods have been applied to inspection of wood including optical, ultrasonic, X-ray sensing in the wood industry. Nowadays the scanning system mainly employs CCD line-scan camera to meet the needs of accurate detection of lumber defects and real-time image processing. But this system needs exact feeding system and low deviation of lumber thickness. In this study low cost CCD area sensor was used for the development of image processing system for lumber being fed. When domestic red pine being fed on the conveyer belt, lumber images of irregular term of captured area were acquired because belt conveyor slipped between belt and roller. To overcome incorrect image merging by the unstable feeding speed of belt conveyor, it was applied template matching algorithm which was a measure of the similarity between the pattern of current image and the next one. Feeding the lumber over 13.8 m/min, general area sensor generates unreadable image pattern by the motion blur. The red channel of RGB filter showed a good performance for removing background of the green conveyor belt from merged image. Threshold value reduction method that was a image-based thresholding algorithm performed well for knot detection.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2003

Gait analysis can provide a better understanding of how the alignment of the lower limb and foot can contribute to force observed at the knee. Anatomic and mechanical factors that affect loading in the knee pint can contribute to pathologic change seen at the knee in degenerative pint disease and should be considered in treatment plan. The purpose of this study is to present the gait analysis data and to determine whether there is any relationships between alignment of the lower limb, foot progression angle and knee pint moments in elderly healthy women with 3-dimensional motion analyzer. The results were as follows; 1. Cadence showed 114.8 steps/min, gait speed showed 1.05 m/s, time per a stride showed 1.06 sec, time per a step showed 0.53 sec, single-supporting phase was 0.41 sec, double-supporting phase was 0.24 sec, stride length was 1.04 m, Step length was 0.56 m. 2. According to the parameters of kinematics, the maximal knee flexion angle through swing phase showed left $46.82^{\circ}$, right $40.19^{\circ}$ and the maximal knee extension angle showed left $-1.32^{\circ}$, right $2.01^{\circ}$. knee varus showed left $26.90^{\circ}$, right $30.93^{\circ}$. 3. Moment, one of kinetic parameters of knee pint the maximal flexion moment showed left 0.363. Nm/kg, right 0.464 Nm/kg and maximal extension moment showed left 0.389 Nm/kg, right 0.463 Nm/kg. The maximal. adduction moment showed left 0.332 Nm/kg, right 0.379 Nm/kg and the maximal internal rotatory moment showed left 0.13 Nm/kg, right 0.140 Nm/kg. 4. On sagittal plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.571 J/kg, right 0.629 J/kg. On coronal plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.11 J/kg, right 0.12 J/kg. On transverse plane, the maximal power of knee joint showed left 0.058 J/kg, right 0.072 J/kg. 5. The subject who had varus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically higher in knee adduction moment in mid stance phase. 6. The subject who had large foot progression angle had statistically lower in knee adduction moment in late stance phase. A relationship was observed between the alignment of the lower extremity and the adduction moment of the knee joint during stance phase. Hence, we need some research to figure, out the change of adduction moment according to the sort of knee joint osteoarthritis and the normal geriatrics as well. And we also require more effective, specific therapeutic program by making use of those background of researches.