• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-283
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• 1991

The effect of temperature on hysteresis of rough rice grown in Korea was investigated. The maximum hysteresis effect of Chucheongbyeo paddy rice at 5$^{\circ}C$ amounted to an average 1.7% moisure content. However, their values at $25^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$ averaged 1.2% and 0.7% moisture, respectively. It may be suggested that the exteents of hysteresis are affected by the temperature of hysteresis are affected by the temperature of adsorption and desorption.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2016

To investigate the dynamic sorptive and hygroexpansive behaviors of wood by different cyclic hygrothermal changing effects, poplar (populus euramericana Cv.) specimens, were exposed to dynamic sorption processes where relative humidity (RH) and temperature changed simultaneously in sinusoidal waves at 75-45% and $5-35^{\circ}C$ (condition A) and where RH changed sinusoidally at 75-45% but temperature was controlled at $20^{\circ}C$ (condition B), both for three cyclic periods of 1, 6, and 24 h. Moisture and dimensional changes measured during the cycling gave the following results: Moisture and transverse dimensional changes were generally sinusoidal. Moisture and dimensional amplitude increased with increasing cyclic period but all were lower for thicker specimens. The amplitude ratio of condition A to condition B ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 with the maximum value of 1.57 occurring at the shortest cyclic period, not as much as expected. T/R increased as cyclic period increased or specimen thickness decreased. T/R from condition B was weaker than that from condition A. Sorption and swelling hysteresis existed in both conditions. Sorption hysteresis was negatively related to cyclic period but in positive correlation with specimen thickness. Sorption hysteresis was found more obvious in condition B, while moisture sorption coefficient and humidity expansion coefficient showed the opposite results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.38-52
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• 1982

The effect of propylene oxide, butylene oxide, furan resin, and vinylpyrrolidinone in controlling wood dimensional stability have been examined. Wood in the green or ovendry condition was treated with various chemical treatments using a vacuum-pressure procedure, and treated specimens were tested for tangential sweelling, moisture gain, and changes in sorption hysteresis. Results' indicate that propylene oxide, and butylene oxide enhanced with the crosslin king agent trimethylol propane trimethacrylate and applied to ovendry wood were the most efficient chemical treatments in controlling tangential sweeling caused by liquid water or water vapor, and in reducing water vapor adsorption. The sorption behavior of treated wood as depicted by the ratios of sorption was "very favorable" in most instances. In the particular case of furan resin treatments, ratios of sorption were improved from 25 to 100 percent as compared to those of untreated wood.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 1981

The moisture sorption and desorption isotherms of various tobaccos were obtained over a relative humidity range from 0 to 90% at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The hysteresis effect, constant and rate of moisture sorption and desorption, monomolecular-layer moisture content, and specific surface area were analyzed from the obtained data. The moisture sorption and desorption isotherms showed a different characteristics for different tobacco varieties. At a lower humidity range below 50% RH, Burley tobacco had higher moisture sorption and desorption figures than Hicks and Basma, while, at a higher humidity range above 50% RH, Hicks had higher values than the others. The hysteresis effect of tobacco were greater in an intermediate humidity range (40-70% RN), and Basma showed a greater effect than the others. The sorption and desorption constant (K) increased with temperature, but decreased with RH, and Burley tobacco had larger K values, while Hicks had smaller K values than others. The sorption and desorption rate of Burley tobacco were greater than the other tobaccos. The monomolecular-layer moisture was 27.8 and 51.4mg/g, and the specific surface was 101 and $186m^2/g$, for Basma and Burley, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1962

Hysteresis Loops explaining relationship between E.M.C. and relative humidities of some commercial woods grown in Korea which have not been inspected were studied. Because of Hysteresis Loops are differently constructed among species, the loop of each species is necessary to plot in order to apply for seasoning of wood directly. Therefore relationship between E.M.C. and relative humidities, and Hysteresis Loops were inspected and compaired between species. Small sized ($3{\times}3{\times}1.3cm$) twenty pieces of wood blocks for each species were taken from log which cut few years ago and already attained air dry condition. Five relative humidity conditions (9, 32, 58, 82 and 91%) were controlled to keep constant in the cabinet under temperature $25^{\circ}C$. According to the results, it is concluded that there are considerable differences on the E.M.C. among two types of sorption, eight species and five different relative humidity conditions. Adsorption and desorption curves are showing characteristic Sigmeid Curves and desorption curves always are on the adsorption curves at all compaired species. Average hysteresis ratio is 0.75, the constructed loops of tested species are showing open hysteresis generally and flatten loop constructions of Qnerets aemitissima and Robinia pseudoaeaeia of hard wood species than other soft wood are considered to be established by differences of stability between hard and soft wood.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.191-194
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• 2005

Characteristics of sorption and desorption in soils affect chemical fate, soil-remediation time, and selection of remediation technology. The sorption and desorption behavior of atrazine and naphthalene on soils was studied. Six soils collected at Gwangju area were used as sorbents and the organic matter contents ranged from 1.28 to 5.21%. Sorption and desorption experiments were conducted and sorption distribution coefficients(Kd) of atrazine and naphthalene were nearly linear$(R^2=0.93{\sim}0.97)$. Desorption parameters were evaluated using three site desorption model included equilibrium, nonequilibrium and nondesorption sites. Non-desorbable site fraction for atrazine was evaluated, but for naphthalene it was not enumerated during the experimental period. Through the series dilution desorption experiments, non-desorpbable sites were observed for both chemicals.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.107-118
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• 2000

For the last several decades, the fate of organic pollutants has been extensively studied in natural environments with emphasis on sorption and desorption phenomena. Although the mechanisms involved are not clear yet there is a consensus about the existence of hysteresis in the sorption and desorption of organic pollutants. Furthermore, it is found that hysteresis is the outcome of slow nonequilibrium sorption of organic pollutants, which results in the formation of desorption-resistant fractions of the pollutants. Desorption-resistant fractions may increase as a function of the residence time of the pollutants in the environments. Field monitoring data show a slow but continuous decline of chemicals applied to soil, followed by little or no subsequent disappearance. One plausible explanation for such resistance to biodegradation, desorption, or extraction can be attributed the gradual movement of organic pollutants to less accessible remote sites inside the matrix with time. This phenomenon has been termed sequestration or aging. The fact that some pollutants are sequestered in soil with time may have a great impact on bioremediation and risk assessment, Some portion of the resistant pollutants may still be present in the environments after bioremediation. It requires vigorous means to completely remove the aged portion that may not be further bioavailable. However, precaution should be taken since aging is not always evident. Aging seems to be soil and chemical specific.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1337-1346
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• 2006

토양휴민(Hu)은 불용성 휴믹물질 성분으로서 소수성 유기화합물의 비가역적 토양흡착에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 알려진다. 그러나 휴민분자는 대부분 토양 무기물(점토 및 금속산화물) 성분과의 혼합 상태로 존재하기 때문에 순수분리가 어려워 물질특성과 반응성에 대한 정보는 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 알칼리 용해성 토양 유기물을 제거한 잔류토양(Crude 휴민)을 대상으로 HF(2%) 처리를 통한 일련의 정제휴민 시료($Hu_1-Hu_6$)를 확보하였고, 원소분석과 $^{13}C$ NMR 분석을 통한 물질특성 및 1-naphthol과의 흡착-탈착 특성을 조사하였다. 비교시료로서 피트에서 추출한 휴민에 대하여도 동일한 실험을 수행하였고, 그 결과는 토양휴민과 비교 분석하였다. $^{13}C$ NMR 분석결과 토양휴민 분자는 탄수화물과 파라핀 계열의 지방족사슬 탄소성분 함량이 전체 유기탄소의 80% 이상을 차지하는 높은 지방족성을 보였다. 1-naphthol과의 흡착실험 결과, HF 정제에 따라 무기물 성분이 제거될수록 Freundlich 흡착상수 n값이 0.538에서 0.697로 일정하게 증가하였으며, 유기탄소-표준화분배계수(log $K_{OC}$) 값도 2.43에서 2.74로 증가하였다. 이는 휴민시료에 존재하는 무기물 성분이 1-naphthol의 흡착에 관여하고 있음을 나타내며, 피트휴민의 결과와 함께 흡착의 비선형성과 흡착세기에 대한 무기물 성분의 영향을 설명하였다. 탈착실험 결과, 모든 휴민시료에서 흡착-탈착 hysteresis가 관찰되었으며, 낮은 용질농도($C_e$=0.1 mg/L)에서의 hysteresis index(HI)는 피트휴민(2.697)>정제휴민(0.738)>Crude 휴민(0.593)의 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1990

The water-vapor sorption isotherms of viscose rayon and of modified viscose rayon were studied to elucidate the change of sorptivity by the DMDHEU resin finish. To determine the sorption isotherms, moisture regains of the samples were measured at various humidities. The sorption isotherms were determined by the BET and GAB multilayer adsorption theories. The adsorption isotherm of the starting rayon was Brunauer Type II while with increasing resin content those of the DMDHEU-treated rayon became progressively more like Type IV. The DMDHEU-treated samples appeared to be hydrophilic due to the hydrophilicity of DMDHEU although moisture regains at higher humidities markedly decreased because of an impediment in swelling by crosslinkings. The $W_{m}$ value and surface area of crosslinked samples increased with increasing resin content. VR-R-6 which was the most heavily crosslinked viscose rayon had the highest $W_{m}$ and surface area values among all the samples. Relative sorption hysteresis was decreased as humidity increased for all samples. The untreated viscose rayon appeared to have a higher value than the DMDHEU-treated rayon.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

오염물질이 토양에 흡착 또는 탈착하는 성질은 지하계에서 오염물질의 이동과 거동에 큰영향을 미친다. 아트라진을 대상으로 광주지역 7가지 토양을 이용하여 흡착 및 탈착특성을 조사하였다. 토양의 유기탄소함량 (organic carbon content)은 $0.42{\sim}2.82%$의 범위였으며, 아트라진의 토양분배계수 ($K_d$)는 $0.48{\sim}3.26\;l/kg$의 범위였다. 경방 토양과 용동토양을 제외한 나머지 토양들은 유기탄소함량이 증가함에 따라 $K_d$ 값은 증가하였다. Three site desortpion model을 이용하여 평형 탈착분율, 비평형 탈착분율, 비탈착 분율 그리고 탈착속도계수를 구하였다. 실험한 모든 토양에서 아트라진의 비탈착 분율이 산출되었고, 다단탈착 실험에서도 탈착되지 않는 아트라진이 토양에 존재하였다. 다단 탈착 실험에서 흡착 등온선과 탈착 등온선이 일치하지 않는 이력현상이 나타났다.