• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.453-459
• /
• 2003

In this study, the effect of heat treatment to the electrochemical polarization resistance for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was measured. The solution heat treatments were carried out at $1066^{circ}E, 966^{\circ}$E$, followed by aging heat treated $550^{circ}E, 600^{circ}E, and 650^{circ}E$. The electrochemical polarization resistance behavior was measured by potentio-dynamic polarization in the 1N $HNO_3$ + 15ppm HF solution. The obtained results were as follows. 1. As solution heat temperature increased. the corrosion potential was increased, whereas passive current density and critical current density were decreased. 2. As aging heat temperature increased, the corrosion potential was almost constant, but passive current density was decreased 3. The results of composition test measured by EDS at grain boundary and near $\gamma'$ precipitates indicated that S, Cl. and Si which originated from base metal were segregated at the grain boundaries Al and Ti which were the main alloying element in $\gamma'$ were depleted at the $\gamma'$ precipitated. The depletion of Al and Ti in $\gamma'$ was caused to early breakdown of passive film.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제3권6호
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2004

Exposure of zinc samples in simulated acid rain solution (SARS) was investigated under a periodic wet-dry conditions using an AC impedance technique. The periodic wet and dry exposure consisted of the immersion of zinc samples in SARS for one hour followed by exposure to 7 hours drying at 60% RH. Phases of the corrosion products were indentified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of relative humdiity (RH), temperature, and surface inclination on the atmospheric corrosion of zinc is described. The reciprocal of polarization resistance (1/Rp) decreases rapidly during the initial stages then slowly and eventually attains a steady state as exposure time progresses. The average of reciprocal of polarization resistance per cycle, (ARPR) was calculated and found to decrease as number of exposure cycle increases. An increase of temperature enhances the corrsion rate of zinc. The values of ARPR, of a sample inclined at 30 o are lower than those for a sample oriented horizontally. The experiment result shows a pronounced dependence of reciprocal of polarization resistance on RH. Exposure in the presence of carbonate anions gives rise to more protective corrosion products than in nitrate anion solution. The corrosion mechanism during the initial stages of atmospheric zinc corrosion under wet-dry cyclic conditions is suggested.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2017

The corrosion behavior of a ferritic/martensitic steel T91 exposed to an aqueous solution containing chloride and sulfate ions is investigated depending on the stimulated all-volatile treatment (AVT) and under oxygenated treatment (OT) conditions. The corrosion of T91 steel under OT condition is severe, while the corrosion under AVT condition is not. The co-existence of chloride and sulfate ions has antagonistic effect on the corrosion of T91 steel in both AVT and OT conditions. Unlike to corrosion resistance in the aqueous solution, OT pretreatment provides T91 steel lower oxidation-resistance than VAT pretreatment. From scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the lower corrosion resistance in the aqueous solution by VAT conditions possibly is due to the formation of pits. In addition, the lower oxidation resistance of T91 steel pretreated by OT conditions is explained as follows: the cracks formed during the immersion under OT conditions accelerated peeling-off rate of the oxide film.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2014

Double layer films which consisted of aluminum(Al) and magnesium(Mg) have been prepared by e-beam deposition. The structure, alloy phase, and corrosion resistance of the prepared films were investigated before and after heat treatment. The first (bottom) layer fixed with Al, and the thickness ratio between Al and Mg layers has been changed from 1 : 1 to 5 : 1, respectively. Total thickness of Al-Mg film was fixed at $3{\mu}m$. The cold-rolled steel sheet was used as a substrate. Heat treatment was fulfilled in an nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ for 2, 3 and 10 min. Surface morphology of as-deposited Al-Mg film having Mg top layer showed plate-like structure. The morphology was not changed even after heat treatment. However, cross-sectional morphology of Al-Mg films was drastically changed after heat treatment, especially for the samples heat treated for 10 min. The morphology of as-deposited films showed columnar structure, while featureless structure of the films appeared after heat treatment. The x-ray diffraction data for as-deposited Al-Mg films showed only pure Al and Mg peaks. However, Al-Mg alloy peaks such as $Al_3Mg_2$ and $Al_{12}Mg_{17}$ appeared after heat treatment of the films. It is believed that the formation of Al-Mg alloy phase affected the structure change of Al-Mg film. It was found that the corrosion resistance of Al-Mg film was increased after heat treatment.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.611-617
• /
• 2009

이 연구는 보통포틀랜드시멘트로 제조된 모르타르 및 페이스트 샘플의 황산염침식 저항성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 주요 실험변수는 사용된 황산염용액의 온도조건으로써, 각각 $4^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ 및 $20^{\circ}C$로 유지된 5% 황산나트륨 용액에 침지한 모르타르의 침지재령별 팽창, 압축강도 및 휨강도를 측정 한 후, 황산염침식 저항성을 평가하였다. 뿐만 아니라, XRD, DSC 및 SEM/EDS와 같은 기기분석 기법을 이용하여 저온환경에 노출된 페이스트 샘플 중에 생성된 반응생성물 조사 및 미세구조 분석도 아울러 실시하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 황산염침식에 의한 모르타르의 성능 저하는 시험용액 온도에 매우 의존적으로 나타났으며, 특히, 저온환경에서는 쏘마싸이트의 생성으로 인한 성능 저하가 매우 극심하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 저온의 황산염환경에 콘크리트구조물이 노출될 경우 세심한 주의가 요구된다.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.454-460
• /
• 2016

Double-layered Al-Mg films have been deposited by using an e-beam deposition method on a cold-rolled steel sheet(CR), which the structure of the film was Al/Mg/CR. The micro-structure, alloy phase, and corrosion resistance of the Al-Mg coated CR were investigated before and after heat treatment at $400^{\circ}C$ for 2, 3, and 10 min in a nitrogen atmosphere. Total thickness of Al-Mg films was fixed at $3{\mu}m$ and the thickness ratio of Al and Mg layers(Al:Mg) has been changed from 5:1 to 1:5. The cross-sectional morphology of the films, which had the thickness ratio of 2:1(Al:Mg), 1:1, and 1:2, was changed after heat treatment from columnar to featureless structure. The x-ray diffraction data for as-deposited films showed only pure Al and Mg peaks. Al-Mg alloy peaks such as $Al_3Mg_2$ and $Al_{12}Mg_{17}$ phase appeared after the heat treatment. The Al-Mg coating with the thickness ratio of 1:1(Al:Mg) showed the best corrosion resistance of up to 500 hours by salt spray test.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 1992

본 연구에서는 시간에 따른 공사하중의 크기 변화가 다양할 경우에, smear zone및 well resistance의 영향을 모두 고려하여 설계시에 요구되는 모래기등 영향원의 반지름(즉, 모래기둥의 설치간격)을 결정하기 위한 해석법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 단순선형점증하중의 경우에 대해 제시된 Olson의 해석법(smear zone 및 well resistance의 영향을 모두 무시한 경우)을 변형하였으며, 아울러 제시된 해석법을 토대로 설계에 관련된 여러가지 변수가 모래기end의 설치간격에 미치는 영향을 조건별로 분석하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2014

Influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure and resistance to pitting corrosion of the hyper duplex stainless steel was investigated in acid and neutral chloride environments. The pitting corrosion resistance is strongly dependent on the microstructure, especially the presence of chromium nitrides ($Cr_2N$), elemental partitioning behavior and volume fraction of ferrite phase and austenite phase. Precipitation of deleterious chromium nitrides reduces the resistance to pitting corrosion due to the formation of Cr-depleted zone. The difference of PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) values between the ferrite and austenite phases was the smallest when solution heat-treated at $1060^{\circ}C$. Based on the results of electrochemical tests and critical crevice temperature tests, the optimal annealing temperature is determined as $1060^{\circ}C$.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.268-277
• /
• 1996

Boronizing treatment of Microalloyed steel has been investigated by mean of Boronizing paste mainly consisted of $B_4C$ at various temperatures and times. The micro hardness of the boride layers were about HV 1200~1500. The thickness of the boride layer were increased with an increase of square root of treatment time at constant temperature. The activation energy for diffusion of boron in the specimen obtained from the slope of Arrhenius plots was 254 kJ/mol, but 197 kJ/mol for the induction heated specimen. The boride layer had a good corrosion resistance in solutions of 20% HCl and 20% $H_2SO_4$, solution. In 20% $HNO_3$ solution, however, its corrosion resistance increased. The boride layer had a good high temperature oxidation resistance at below $800^{\circ}C$, but at temperature above $900^{\circ}C$, the oxidation resistance decreased as the oxidation temperature.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.193-193
• /
• 2011

Strong adhesion of a silicon carbide (SiC) coating to a WC-Co substrate was achieved through an ion beam mixing technique and the corrosion resistance of the SiC coated WC-Co was investigated by means of a potentiodynamic electrochemical test. In a 1 M NaOH solution, the corrosion current density of SiC-coated WC-Co after heat treatment at 500$^{\circ}C$ was about 50 times lower than that for the as-received WC-Co. In addition, the corrosion resistance systematically increases with increasing the SiC coating thickness. On the other hand, for a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, the corrosion current density for SiC-coated WC-Co was about 3 times lower than that for the as-received WC-Co. We discuss the physical reasons for the changes in the corrosion current density with the different electrolytes.