• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.326-331
• /
• 1997

To construct a competitive ELISA standard curve for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate debydrogenase (G6PD), we used highly purified native G6PD (nG6PD) as both immobilized and soluble antigens and anti-G6PD serum raised against nG6PD as antibody. The polystyrene cuvettes coated with nG6PD were challenged with a mixture of a limiting amount of anti-G6PD serum and various doses of nG6PD as competitors followed by incubation with alkaline phosphatase-anti-IgG conjugate. The competitive ELISA did not exhibit the typical sigmoidal dose-response curve characteristic of competition immunoassays under the optimal concentrations of antigen and antibody. The soluble nG6PD used as competitor failed to effectively inhibit the binding of antibodies to the immobilized nG6PD. The addition of NADP, a cofactor of G6PD enzyme, to coating buffer used for immobilizing nG6PD to the cuvettes and PBS-Tween-BSA buffer for diluting competitors did not improve the inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized nG6PD by soluble n/G6PD. The addition of BSA to coating buffer did not increase inhibition, either. Surprisingly, when partially active G6PD (paG6PD), obtained by repeated freeze-thawing, was used as competitor, the antibody binding to either immobilized nG6PD or immobilized paG6PD was inhibited 49-58%. We conclude that an effective competitive ELISA system with nG6PD enzyme and anti-G6PD serum for the detection of G6PD may not be established due to the poor inhibition of antibody binding to immobilized nG6PD by soluble nG6PD under the present assay conditions and that the inhibition may be improved by using an inactivated enzyme as competitor regardless of the type of immobilized antigen used. These results imply that the immobilized nG6PD may undergo denaturation upon binding to the polystyrene cuvettes and that our anti-G6PD serum may recognize denatured enzyme better than active enzyme.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.859-865
• /
• 2005

This study was designed to develop a microencapsulated, water-soluble isoflavone for application into milk and to examine the hypocholesterolemic effect of such a milk product in a rat diet. The coating material was medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and the core material was watersoluble isoflavone. The microencapsulation efficiency was 70.2% when the ratio (w/w) of coating material to core material was 15:1. The isoflavone release from the microcapsules was 8% after 3-day storage at $4^{\circ}C$. In in vitro study, 4.0-9.3% of water-soluble isoflavone in simulated gastric fluid was released in the pH range of 2 to 5 after 60 min incubation; however, in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 8, 87.6% of isoflavone was released from the capsules after 40 min incubation time. In sensory analysis, the scores of bitterness, astringency, and off-taste in the encapsulated isoflavone-added milk were slightly, but not significantly, different from those in uncapsulated, isoflavone-added milk. In blood analysis, total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the isoflavone-added group compared with that in the control after 6-week feeding. Therefore, this study confirmed the acceptability of MCT as a coating material in the microencapsulation of water-soluble isoflavone for application into milk, although a slight adverse effect was found in terms of sensory attributes. In addition, blood total cholesterol was lowered in rats which had been fed a cholesterol-reduced and microencapsulated, isoflavoneadded milk for 6 weeks.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.13-31
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Epigenetic regulation by nutrients can influence the development of specific diseases. This study sought to examine the effect of individual nutrients and nutrient families in the context of preventing chronic metabolic diseases via epigenetic regulation. The inhibition of lipid accumulation and inflammation by nutrients including proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals were observed, and histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) was measured. Correlative analyses were also performed. MATERIALS/METHODS: Nutrients were selected according to information from the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Selected nutrient functionalities, including the attenuation of fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation were evaluated in mouse macrophage Raw264.7 and mouse hepatocyte AML-12 cells. Effects of the selected nutrients on in vitro HAT inhibition were also evaluated. RESULTS: Nitric oxide (NO) production correlated with HAT activity, which was regulated by the amino acids group, suggesting that amino acids potentially contribute to the attenuation of NO production via the inhibition of HAT activity. Unsaturated fatty acids tended to attenuate inflammation by inhibiting NO production, which may be attributable to the inhibition of in vitro HAT activity. In contrast to water-soluble vitamins, the lipid-soluble vitamins significantly decreased NO production. Water- and lipid-soluble vitamins both exhibited significant inhibitory activities against HAT. In addition, calcium and manganese significantly inhibited lipid accumulation, NO production, and HAT activity. CONCLUSIONS: Several candidate nutrients and their family members may have roles in the prevention of diseases, including hepatic steatosis and inflammation-related diseases (i.e., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) via epigenetic regulation. Further studies are warranted to determine which specific amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and lipid-soluble vitamins or specific minerals influence the development of steatosis and inflammatory-related diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 1997

The effects of Artemisia princeps var orientalis(mugwort), Circium japonicum var ussuriense(Unggungqui) on serum lipid componets in rats was evaluated. Thirty rats divided into 5 experimental groups were fed with the diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate, 10% coconut oil and 5% lard(control diet), supplemetned with 5% plant powder or its water soluble extract(experimental diet) for 4 weeks. Proximate analysis data and compositions of ash, dietary fiber and fatty acids in plants were presented. The concentrations of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in Ungungqui powder, Ungungqui extract and mugwort powder diet groups than the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in Unggunqui powder and Unggunqui extract diet group than the control. The concentration of LDL was significantly lower in Unggungqui power or extract diet group compared to the control. The values of VLDL and chylomicron were comparatively lower in Unggungqui power and mugwort powder diet group than in the other diet groups. The concentration of seum triglyceride and phospholipid was lower in Unggungqui powder diet group than in the control.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 1990

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae was cultured in the malt wort added 0%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1% Chloroform - Methanol and Hexane extract of Ganoderma Lucidum. The more the quantity of Ganoderma Lucidum extract were added the more total alcohol quantity were produced during the culture. Especially higher alcohol contents were more increased about 2.2 times 0.1% added group than on control group 120 hr cultured. Ethanol product was more increased on Hexane extract added group than on Chloroform - Methanol extract added group.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.38-49
• /
• 1985

The water soluble organic fractions (WSOF) from an agricultural soil (W), a soil treated with sludge for 6 years ($WS_6$), a sludge-soil mixture incubated for one week ($WS_1$), and sewage sludge (SS) were extracted, purified, and characterized by elemental analysis, functional group determinations, infrared, UV-visible, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrosocpy. The SS was characterized by higher organic H, N, and P contents, a higher H/C ratio, and a lower C/N ratio than W. Total acidity carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group contents were generally highest in SS, intermediate in $WS_6$ and $WS_1$, and lowest in W. Overall aromatic character and aromatic carboxyl group contents were highest in W, and lowest in SS. Aliphatic proton, aliphatic carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl group contents were highest in SS, and lowest in W. Protein decomposition products were the pronounced components in SS, and decreased in concentration as the sludge component in the mixtures decreased. The $^1H$-NMR spectra suggested that the SS-protons were bound to a wider range of functional groups than W-protons. Structural complexities around the aromatic protons followed the following order: SS>$WS_1$>$WS_6$>W.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.469-473
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effect of a mixture of two water-soluble dietary fibers, psyllium husk and glucomannan, on serum lipids, fecal fat excretion and body fat. Twenty one female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups (control, pair-fed control and test group) and fed a high saturated fat (20% lard) diet (control diet) or a test diet (psyllium husk and glucomannan added to the control diet at the level of 0.9% and 0.68%, respectively) for 8 weeks. Pair-fed control rats were allowed to eat the amount of diet consumed by test group the preceding day. The body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of test group were significantly lower compared with these of control group. The mean values of body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were lower in test group than in pair-fed control group, but the difference was not significant. There were no differences in food intake. The dry weight and water content of feces and fecal fat excretion were markedly greater in test group than in control groups. Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were significantly lower in test group than in two control groups.1'he rats of two control groups had higher body fat contents than that of test group. These results indicate that the combination of the two water-soluble dietary fibers, psyllium husk and glucomannan, can be used as a potent lipid-lowering agent in individuals consuming high saturated fat diet.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.587-594
• /
• 2013

Egg consumption has been limited to avoid cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia, because the yolk contains high levels of cholesterol. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the water-soluble component of egg-yolk on the growth efficiency, immune modulation, and changes in serum lipid levels in BALB/c mice. A total 5 wk old 120 BALB/c male mice were divided into 4 groups and were fed 0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/d water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) for 5 wk. Water-soluble egg yolk extract (WSEYE) uptake resulted in a significant reduction in daily weight gain and feed efficiency rate (FER). The mouse groups treated with 2 and 20 mg/d WSEYE showed a significant increase in populations of monocytes at the third wk and B-lymphocyte activity at the fifth wk. In addition, WSEYE uptake did not influence serum immunoglobulin E levels. In serum lipid-profile studies, treatment of WSEYE did not alter total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; however, blood triglyceride levels were significantly diminished in mice treated with 2 mg/d at the third wk (p<0.05), and the level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased in the mice group treated with 2 and 10 mg/d WSEYE after 5 wk (p<0.05). Taken together, the data demonstrate the beneficial effects of WSEYE in the diet on immune modulation and serum lipid profiles in mouse models; therefore, this study suggests that ingestion of water-soluble fraction of egg yolk might not be related to the increased risk of heart disease, but can be an excellent candidate for maintaining health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.395-399
• /
• 1997

Meat model emulsions ware prepared with salt-soluble protein and soybean oil. Effects of water-soluble protein (WSP) on the meat model emulsion treated with/without BHT during 8 day storage $5^{\circ}C$ under both dark and light illumination were studied by measuring POV and TBA. An emulsion without BHA and WSP was used as a control. Under light storage, there was no significant difference in peroxide values between the control and the sample treated with BHA except the 2nd day of storage. However, TBA values of the sample treated with BHA were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of control except the 4th day of storage. TBA and POV of the samples treated with WSP and WSP + BHA were higher than control after 4th day of storage under light. That is, water soluble protein, which was composed mainly of myoglobin, increased lipid oxidation under light storage. The similar trends were also shown in the samples stored under dark. These results suggested that acceleration of lipid oxidation of the meat model emulsions by water soluble protein (WSP) under both light and dark might not be due to the singlet oxygen formation, but due to superoxide anion formed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.46-46
• /
• 2019

The experiments were performed in the Jinan (elevation: 300 meters above sea level), Jeollabuk-do. Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng cultivar (Cheonpung, Yeonpung) were planted on April 10, 2015. Shading material of plastic film house was blue-white film. Before the Planting seedling, silicate (3 kg/10 a) or chitosan (40 kg/10 a) was fertilized and foliar sprayed on the leaves 1000 times dilution solution once a month from May to September every year. The growth results of 5-year old ginseng surveyed in 2018 are as follows. The average air temperature in the plastic film house was the highest at $26.6^{\circ}C$ and $26.5^{\circ}C$ in July and August, respectively, and the highest temperature was $40.5^{\circ}C$ in July. The maximum daily temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ or more was 30 days, with the average soil temperature being $24.9^{\circ}C$ in August. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH was 6.4~6.9 level and EC was 0.35~0.46 dS/m. The organic matter content was 33.5~41.4 g/kg, and available-P content was 251.9~306.8 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations contents, such as K, Ca and Mg were all the appropriate ranges. The soil microbial density surveyed by the dilution plate method was 10~50 times higher than that of control (Non-treatment) and actinomycete density was 3~6 times higher. Pathogens of the genus Fusarium by Metagenome analysis decreased 91.3% and 68.2% respectively in the foliar sprayed of chitosan and soluble-silicate. The light intensity (PAR) in the blue-white film plastic film house gradually increased until July and then decereased, with the average of light intensity in March-October was $120.3umol/m^2/s$. The growth of aerial parts such as plant height and stem length was better than non-sprayed group in silicate or chitosan treatments and Yeonpung cultivar was superior to the Cheonpung cultivar. The SPAD value was higher in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate. The growth of underground parts such as root length and taproot length were better in chitosan and soluble-silicate treatment than control, especially in Yeonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with chitosan was good in taproot length and taproot diameter, and fresh weight of root was 60.1 g. Ginsenoside contents were 24.9 mg/g and 22.4 mg/g, in the Cheonpung cultivar foliar sprayed with soluble-silicate or chitosan respectively, 28% and 15% higher than control (19.5 mg/g). The incidence of disease by Alteraria panax and Botrytis cinerea was 3~9% and 4~9%, respectively. High temperature damage rate was 3~5%.