• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 1993

Effect of plant hormones on the leaf senescence of mung bean (Phseoln radiatus) was investigated by measuring the changes of reducing sugar contents and invertase isozyme activities in detached leaves treated with NAA, $GA_3$ or BA. During dark-induced senescence, reducing sugar contents in the detached leaves increased temporarily at 4 6, thereafter decreased rapidly and reached minimum values within 7-14 6. The pattern of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves kept in the dark was similar to that of reducing sugar accumulation, whereas the activities of alkaline and extracellular invertases were not significantly changed during leaf senescence. Therefore, these results suggest that soluble acid invertase, but not alkaline and extracellular invertases, induces the accumulation of reducing sugar during leaf senescence of Rung bean plants. Exogenous NAA application had little or no effect In the increase of soluble acid invertase activity during dark-induced senescence compared to the control. However, exogenous applications of $GA_3$ and BA led to the increase of soluble acid invertase activity in the senescing leaves. Particularly, BA application was very effective In enhancing the activity of soluble acid invertase as well as in delaying chlorophyll breakdown during dark-induced senescence. These results suggest, therefore, that BA regulates the activity of soluble acid invertase, which leads to the accumulation of reducing sugar, and the stability of photosynthetic apparatus to delay leaf senescence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 1996

The soluble solid of red pepper was extracted by water in order to investigate changes of soluble solid content by different extraction temperature $(4{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$ and time $(1/2{\sim}3\;hrs)$, and the contents of carotenoid, capsaicinoids, free sugar, organic acid, free amino acid in soluble solid were measured. Most of soluble solid in red pepper was extracted within the first 2 hrs and $93{\sim}98%$ of total soluble solid was extracted during the first 30 min. The contents of carotenoid increased by increasing extraction time and temperature, but decreased by increasing extraction time at $60^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$. ${\beta}$-carotene content was sharply decreased after 2 hrs at $90^{\circ}C$. The content of capsaicinoid was sharply increased between 1 hr and 2 hr. Fructose and glucose in red pepper were extracted in the range of $83.8%{\sim}96.4%$ and the contents of free sugar gradually increased by increasing extraction time and temperature. The content of organic acid was gradually increased by increasing extraction time and temperature and the greatest amount of organic acid was extracted during the first 30 min of extraction time. The content of free amino acid was decreased by increasing extraction temperature.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

This paper was carried out to investigate changes in chromatograms of polysacctatides and soluble pectins on Sephadex G-50 and non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides isolated from cell wall of persimmon fruits treated with polygalacturonase and $\beta$-galactosidase in vitro. The chromatogram pattern of soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with $\beta$-galactosidase on Sephacryl S-500 column were similar to those of untreatment, but contents of soluble pectins treated with $\beta$-galactosidase were different from those of untreatment. The patterns of chromatograms In soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with polygalacturonase were more complex and lower molecular polymer than those of other cell wall-degrading enzyme treatments. Non-cellulosic neutral sugar of polysaccharides in fraction I of soluble material treated with polygalacturonase was rhamnose, those in fraction II were similar to those in fraction III and contents of arabinose, xylose and glucose were higher than contents of other non-cellulosic neutral sugars. Non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I in soluble material by $\beta$-galactosidase treatment were rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. Content of glucose of polysaccharides in fraction II was higher than that in fraction I . Non-cellulosic neutral sugars treated with mixed enzyme were rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. Compositions of non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I were similar to those in fraction II and III.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.1031-1043
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of salt-soluble proteins obtained from Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae, the interaction between these proteins and pork myofibrillar protein (MP) in a gel system. The gel properties of salt-soluble protein extracts showed that the PB had a higher viscosity than the TM protein. However, the TM protein had higher gel strength compared with the PB protein. The gelation characteristics of the pork MP gel systems added with lyophilized insect salt-soluble protein powder showed to decrease slightly viscosity compared with MP alone. Adding the TM or PB protein powder did not affect the pork MP's hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl group levels. Furthermore, the protein bands of the MP did not change with the type or amount of insect salt-soluble protein. The cooking yields of the pork MP gels containing PB or TM protein powder were higher than those without insect protein. Regardless of the type of insect salt-soluble protein added, the pork MP's gel strength decreased. Furthermore, as the level of insect powder increased, the surface protein structure became rough and porous. The results demonstrated that proteins extracted from PB and TM larvae interfered with the gelation of pork MP in a gel system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Ten improved mulberry varieties (Vl, C1730, C2016, C2017, Anantha, RFS-175, Thallaghatapura, Vishala, S1 and S1635) were evaluated through enzyme assay and estimation of soluble protein content followed by regression analysis, grown under irrigated conditions in the alluvial soils of Gangetic plains of West Bengal in India for five successive crops in a year, The nitrate reductase (EC No. 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA, $\mu$mol N $O_2$- $h^{-1}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.) was estimated which showed to vary significantly in the tested varieties. In addition to these, the other parameters like unit leaf fresh and dry weight (g), moisture ％, unit leaf area ($\textrm{cm}^2$), specific leaf weight (g c $m^{-2}$ ), total soluble sugar (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), leaf yield/plant (kg), shoot yield/plant (kg) and net photosynthetic rate (NPR, $\mu$㏖ $m^{2}$ $s^{-1}$ ) were also studied which showed to vary significantly in tested varieties. Among them, S1635, haying higher NRA (13.25 $\mu$㏖ N $O_2$- $h^{-l}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (39.63mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), NPR(16.66 $\mu$㏖ $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ ), total soluble sugar (48.44 mg $g^{-1}$ fr. wt.), leaf yield/plant (0.689 kg) and shoot yield/plant (1.135 kg) showed its superiority over other tested varieties. Regression and correlation coefficients were analysed, and a strong positive correlation was found between NRA ＆ total soluble protein, NRA ＆ NPR, NRA ＆ total soluble sugar, NRA af unit leaf weight, NRA ＆ specific leaf weight, NRA ＆ leaf yield/plant, NRA ＆ shoot yield/plant, NPR ＆ leaf yield and NPR ＆ specific leaf weight.t.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

UV transmission spectra of water-soluble acrylic resin films containing hydroxybenzophenolic, hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber and HALS(hindered amine light stabilizer) were investigated by exposure time(before exposure weathered for 160 and 320hours) in QUV Weather-Ometer. Also the YID(yellowness index difference), LID(lightness index difference) and CD(color difference) of dried water-soluble acrylic resin films and the coated woods of Larix leptolepis were analyzed by addition level of UV absorber(0, 1, 2 and 3%) and HALS(0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and by exposure time in QUV Weather-Ometer. They showed no significant effects on UV transmission spectra of dried water-soluble acrylic resin films in the range of 300 to 400nm irrespective of exposure time. However, UV transmission decreased as increase of exposure time. UV transmission spectra were lower in dried water-soluble acrylic resin films containing hydroxybenzophenolic UV absorber and HALS than in these containing hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber and HALS in the range of 350 to 400nm. The least YID, LID and CD in the coated woods of Larix leptolepis appeared at the addition level of 3%, based on non-volatile content, in hydroxybenzophenolic and hydroxyphenylbenzotriazolic UV absorber, and of 1.5% in HALS to water-soluble acrylic resin.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were both to evaluate the level and correlations of hazardous agents and to suggest measures to control industrial hygiene problems caused by using water-soluble metalworking f1uids(MWF). Geometric mean of formaldehyde(0.039 ppm) was higher than criteria of NIOSH(0.016ppm). Formaldehyde, originally existed in the biocide, is released and used to kill microbes in soluble MWF. Microbe concentrations were above $10^4No./mL$ in 14 MWF tanks among 20 tanks surveyed. Nitrosamines that is formed by reaction of nitrosating group and amines was detected to $18.4-47.1{\mu}g/m^3$. Formaldehyde concentration was low when microbes were abundant(r=-0.67, p=0.011), and high when open tank area was wide(r=0.75. p=0.012). The significant relationship between pH and microbes(r=-0.76. p=0.003) was also observed. The predominant bacteria species in MWF were Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bordertella bronchiseptica in order. Therefore, hazardous agents emitted by using water-soluble MWF seems to be correlated microbial growth. In order to minimize worker's exposure to several hazardous agents by an water-soluble MWF and to increase productivity, microbial growth must be controlled to the lowest level as possible. Administrative control as well as engineering control must comprehensively be applied to control microbe's growth in water-soluble MWF.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.162-165
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• 1982

As an approach to the explanation of increased availability of phosphate in reduced wetland soils, the interrelationships among pH, pe, $Fe^{+{+}}$ and water soluble phosphate in reduced soil-water suspension was studied. 1. p.e value of soil incubated for 8 weeks at $30^{\circ}C$ under waterlogged condition was sufficiently low to allow the conversion of strengite to vivianite. 2. The concentration of water soluble $Fe^{+{+}}$ in this system was higher than that is allowable by the solubility of vivianite. 3. From the relationship between pH and the concentration of water soluble $Fe^{+{+}}$, the concentration of water soluble $Fe^{+{+}}$ could be determined with the solubility of $FeCO_3$. 4. No definite relationship between pH and water soluble P was recognized which implied that the concentration of water soluble P in this system could not determined with the solubility of vivianite.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to propose a sequential procedure for the simultaneous analysis of soluble and insoluble metal compounds. Methods: Methods for sampling and analyzing metal compounds such as ISO standards, NIOSH methods, HSE methods, and OSHA methods were reviewed. Results: Some metals have different OELs depending on the solubility of the compound. Therefore, we should take into account these characteristics and perform an exposure assessment. Soluble metal compounds are first extracted from the filter, and then the filter is digested by acids to analyze residual insoluble components. The extraction of soluble compounds can be completed by agitation for about 60 minutes with a leach solution (water) in a water bath at 37℃. For the analysis of insoluble compounds, the sample filter and the filtration filter remaining after the extraction of the soluble compounds are analyzed. This allows simultaneous determination of soluble and insoluble metal compounds. For hexavalent chromium compounds, soluble hexavalent chromium can first be extracted from the filter by using sulfate buffer. The insoluble hexavalent chromium remaining in the filter can then be extracted using carbonate buffer. Conclusion: Workers are often exposed to many hazardous substances with different exposure limits at industrial sites. The OELs for compounds of the same metal can be set differently depending on solubility. This study can help evaluate a worker's exposure to metal compounds by suggesting methods for the simultaneous determination of soluble and insoluble metal compounds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.482-487
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• 1999

Periodate-oxidized soluble starch and maltohexaose reacted with ${\alpha}-NH_2$ group of free amino acids and ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$ group of peptidyl lysine. The result shows that periodate-oxidized soluble starch and maltooligosaccharides reacted with protein and formed Schiff base between CHO group of oxidized sugar and ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$ group of surface lysine of protein molecule. Carbon and hydrogen composition of sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$ modified with oxidized soluble starch increased and it's nitrogen composition decreased. Carbohydrate contents of sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$ modified with oxidized soluble starch were 13.2% (pentamer), 13.4% (monomer), and with oxidized maltohexaose were 9.7% (pentamer), 9.3% (monomer) by $phenol-H_2SO_4$ method. Alpha-amino group of N-terminal, and ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$ group of lysine, of sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$ were reacted with oxidized soluble starch by dinitrophenylation were 70% (pentamer), 73% (monomer) and 33% (pentamer), 26% (monomer), respectively, in comparison with native enzyme.