• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.291-306
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• 2011

We consider the second order Strang splitting method to approximate the solution to the KdV equation. The model equation is split into three sets of initial value problems containing convection and dispersal terms separately. TVD MUSCL or MUSCL scheme is applied to approximate the convection term and the second order centered difference method to approximate the dispersal term. In time stepping, explicit third order Runge-Kutta method is used to the equation containing convection term and implicit Crank-Nicolson method to the equation containing dispersal term to reduce the CFL restriction. Several numerical examples of weakly and strongly dispersive problems, which produce solitons or dispersive shock waves, or may show instabilities of the solution, are presented.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1683-1691
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• 2013

In this paper, we obtain the criteria that the Riemannian manifold B is Einstein or a gradient Ricci soliton from the information of the second derivative of $f$ in the warped product space $R{\times}_fB$ with gradient Ricci solitons. Moreover, we construct new examples of non-Einstein gradient Ricci soliton spaces with an Einstein or non-Einstein gradient Ricci soliton leaf using our main theorems. Finally we also get analogous criteria for the Lorentzian version.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.615-632
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• 1998

Soliton solutions of a class of generalized nonlinear evo-lution equations are discussed analytically and numerically which is achieved using a travelling wave method to formulate one-soliton solution and the finite difference method to the numerical dolutions and the interactions between the solitons for the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations. The characteristic behavior of the nonlinear-ity admitted in the system has been investigated and the soliton state of the system in the limit of $\alpha\;\longrightarrow\;0$ and $\alpha\;\longrightarrow\;\infty$ has been studied. The results presented show that soliton phenomena are character-istics associated with the nonlinearities of the dynamical systems.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.286-290
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• 2002

The FT-Raman spectra of trans-polyacetylene films doped lightly with iodine were obtained with the 1320-nm laser line. The observed Raman bands are attributed to positively charged domains created by acceptor doping. The observed Raman wavenumbers of the V$_2$, (CC stretch), V$_3$, and V$_4$ bands (mixed of CC stretch and CH in-plan bending) of iodine-doped form are slightly higher than those of the corresponding bands of pristine trans-polyacetylene, whereas the contrary is the case for V$_1$, and (C=C stretch) of iodine-doped form. In particular, these upshifts of the V$_2$ and V$_3$ bands are distinguished from the downshifts of these bands in donor doping. The origin of doping induced Raman bands is discussed in terms of solitons and polarons.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.325-346
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• 2018

The object of the present paper is to study some types of Ricci pseudosymmetric $(LCS)_n$-manifolds whose metric is Ricci soliton. We found the conditions when Ricci soliton on concircular Ricci pseudosymmetric, projective Ricci pseudosymmetric, $W_3$-Ricci pseudosymmetric, conharmonic Ricci pseudosymmetric, conformal Ricci pseudosymmetric $(LCS)_n$-manifolds to be shrinking, steady and expanding. We also construct an example of concircular Ricci pseudosymmetric $(LCS)_3$-manifold whose metric is Ricci soliton.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1101-1114
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• 2016

Let ($M^{2n+1}$, ${\phi}$, ${\xi}$, ${\eta}$, g) be a (k, ${\mu}$)'-almost Kenmotsu manifold with k < -1 which admits a gradient Ricci almost soliton (g, f, ${\lambda}$), where ${\lambda}$ is the soliton function and f is the potential function. In this paper, it is proved that ${\lambda}$ is a constant and this implies that $M^{2n+1}$ is locally isometric to a rigid gradient Ricci soliton ${\mathbb{H}}^{n+1}(-4){\times}{\mathbb{R}}^n$, and the soliton is expanding with ${\lambda}=-4n$. Moreover, if a three dimensional Kenmotsu manifold admits a gradient Ricci almost soliton, then either it is of constant sectional curvature -1 or the potential vector field is pointwise colinear with the Reeb vector field.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.835-847
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• 2021

We study behavior of numerical solutions for a nonlinear eigenvalue problem on ℝⁿ that is reduced from a dispersion managed nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The solution operator of the free Schrödinger equation in the eigenvalue problem is implemented via the finite difference scheme, and the primary nonlinear eigenvalue problem is numerically solved via Picard iteration. Through numerical simulations, the results known only theoretically, for example the number of eigenpairs for one dimensional problem, are verified. Furthermore several new characteristics of the eigenpairs, including the existence of eigenpairs inherent in zero average dispersion two dimensional problem, are observed and analyzed.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.213-228
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• 2022

In the present paper, we aim to study Yamabe soliton and Riemann soliton on Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold. First, we proved, if the scalar curvature of an 𝜂-Einstein Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold M is constant, then either 𝜏 = n(n-1) or, 𝜏 = n-1. Also we constructed an example to justify this. Next, it is proved that, if a three dimensional Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold admits a Yamabe soliton for V is an infinitesimal contact transformation and tr 𝜑 is constant, then the soliton is expanding. Also we proved that, suppose a 3-dimensional Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold admits a Yamabe soliton, if tr 𝜑 is constant and scalar curvature 𝜏 is harmonic (i.e., ∆𝜏 = 0), then the soliton constant λ is always greater than zero with either 𝜏 = 2, or 𝜏 = 6, or λ = 6. Finally, we proved that, if an 𝜂-Einstein Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifold M represents a Riemann soliton for the potential vector field V has constant divergence then either, M is of constant curvature 1 or, V is a strict infinitesimal contact transformation.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.825-837
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• 2022

We characterize a three-dimensional Riemannian manifold endowed with a type of semi-symmetric metric P-connection. At first, it is proven that if the metric of such a manifold is a gradient m-quasi-Einstein metric, then either the gradient of the potential function 𝜓 is collinear with the vector field P or, λ = -(m + 2) and the manifold is of constant sectional curvature -1, provided P𝜓 ≠ m. Next, it is shown that if the metric of the manifold under consideration is a gradient 𝜌-Einstein soliton, then the gradient of the potential function is collinear with the vector field P. Also, we prove that if the metric of a 3-dimensional manifold with semi-symmetric metric P-connection is a gradient 𝜔-Ricci soliton, then the manifold is of constant sectional curvature -1 and λ + 𝜇 = -2. Finally, we consider an example to verify our results.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.651-684
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• 2022

Let G be an arbitrary, connected, simply connected and unimodular Lie group of dimension 3. On the space 𝔐(G) of left-invariant Lorentzian metrics on G, there exists a natural action of the group Aut(G) of automorphisms of G, so it yields an equivalence relation ≃ on 𝔐(G), in the following way: h₁ ≃ h₂ ⇔ h₂ = 𝜙^*(h₁) for some 𝜙 ∈ Aut(G). In this paper a procedure to compute the orbit space Aut(G)/𝔐(G) (so called moduli space of 𝔐(G)) is given.