• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to compare the degradation characteristics by subcritical water of RDX contaminated soil using batch mode and dynamic mode devices. First, upon application of RDX contaminated soil, RDX treatment efficiency was increased with increasing the temperature in both modes. At 150℃, the treatment efficiency was 99.9%. RDX degradation efficiency got higher with lower ratio of solid to liquid. However, the treatment efficiency in the dynamic mode tended to be decreased at a certain ratio of solid to liquid or lower. The treatment efficiency was increased when it took longer time for the reactions in both modes. As the results of analysis on concentration of treated water after subcritical water degradation, the RDX recovery rate of dynamic and batch modes at 150℃ was 10.5% and 1.5%, respectively. However, both modes showed very similar recovery rates at 175℃ or higher. RDX degradation products were analyzed in treated water after it was treated with subcritical water. According to the results, RDX degradation mechanism was mostly oxidation reaction and reduction reaction was partially involved. Therefore, it suggested that most of RDX in soil was degraded by oxidation of subcritical water upon extraction. According to this result, it was found that both batch and dynamic modes were very effectively applied in the treatment of explosive contaminated soil.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2004

Acyclovir (ACV) is one of the most effective and selective agents against viruses of the herpes group. Because of low solubility, bioavailability of ACV has shown below 30% with oral dosage form. In our previous study, we reported that the fabrication of solid dispersion of ACV was possible and the solid dispersion of ACV and PVP was the most useful in all samples. In this study, we examined the effect of mixture ratio of polymers (PEG and PVP) to ACV. Solubility of ACV was dramatically increased up to 25 mg/ml in $80^{\circ}C$ distilled water. So water was used as a solvent to eliminate problem of residual solvent. Spray drying method was used for the solid dispersion of ACV as solvent extraction. Different scanning calorimeter was used to check degradation of drug. Polymer carriers were PEG 6,000 and PVP. In summary, ACV-PVP (1:3) showed the best solubility in distilled water.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.520-529
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• 1994

High-ratio cakes made from the formulas with more sugar (140% based on flour weight) than flour have come to be preferred recently. To produced good light cake structure, cake batter must retain the many finely divided gas bubbles formed during mixing . Thermal setting of cake structure is mainly caused by starch gelatinization . The formula controls the temperature at which the cake batter changes from a fluid to a solid. Especially, the relatively large amount of sugar used in the formula delays gelatinization, so that air bubbles can be properly expanded by carbon dioxide gas and water vapor before the cake sets. To get a non collapsing high ratio cake structure after baking , the proper degree of gelatinization of the starch granule, the control of gelatinization temperature, and sufficient gel strength ar all important. The role of ingredients (flour , sugar, proteins, chemical leavening agents, water shortening , and emulsifiers) is reviewed with relation to the formation of satisfactory cake structure.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.628-632
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• 2001

The removal rate of Cl from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) ash(bottom ash and fly ash) by washing was investigated. The Cl contents in the bottom ash and fly ash were 2.6-3.0% and 25-30% respectively, and KCl, NaCl, CaCIOH and friedel's salt were main components. From the results on the effects of washing time and temperature, the Cl contents in the bottom ash and fly ash were decreased up to 0.3% and 2.0% respectively by using of water as a solvent within 30 min at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm of agitation speed and 10 of liquid/solid ratio. It is expected that the removal of Cl from the incineration ash by washing could make use of the ash for a cement raw material and so on.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2004

The disposal of stormwater is one of the major problems in urban water management. One method of reducing peak runoff rates and other detrimental impacts of stormwater is detention storage. Detention ponds as a water quality control alternatives have been investigated by a number of researchers. Recognizing multiple roles such as flood peak attenuation, pollution removal and aesthetic enhancement, the design and management of detentions ponds deserve more research. The purpose of this research is to establish design criteria wet detention ponds to improve water quality. Water quality in detention pond discharge might be improve with physical, chemical and biological alterations. Physical alteration was focused in this study. There are several methods for estimating the suspended solid control capability of wet detention ponds. Existing models of suspended solids removal are based on sedimentation and gravity settling theory. The pollutant trap efficiency of pond is a function of several interrelating factors. Detention time is the most important factor, because it determine gravity settling quantities of pollutants. Desirable modification of physical factors for improvement of water quality in wet detention ponds are volume ratio, area ratio, length to width ratio, depth, out let location, bottom soil type. In order to apply design procedure in actual site, Namak new town development area was selected.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 (주)한국서부발전의 태안화력발전소에서 생산된 비산재로부터 Li의 용출을 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서는, 반응용액:석탄회 비율, 반응용액의 종류(해수, 증류수), $CO_2$가스의 조건에 따른 Li 용출량을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 반응용액의 Li 농도는 고체:용액 비율이 증가함에 따라 계속하여 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 비산재 단위 질량당 Li 용출은 증류수를 사용하였을 때, 그리고 $CO_2$가스의 용해가 제한되었을 때 증가되었으며, 이는 그러한 조건에서 $CaCO_3$의 침전이 억제되었기 때문이다. 해수내 Li의 흡착추출에 방해되는 $Mg^{2+}$도 고체:용액 비를 증가시킴으로써 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

본 연구는 당근과 양파에서 발아력 증진에 미치는 osmotic priming과 SMP효과를 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리과정중 작물별 수분흡수율은 처리 1시간 후 급속한 수분흡수가 이루어졌고, 두 작물 모두 osmotic priming이 SMP보다 수분흡수 속도가 빨랐다. 이러한 경향은 처리 4시간까지 유지되었다. 처리최종일의 수분흡수율은 당근과 양파에서 osmotic priming이 SMP보다 2%높았다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리는 두 작물 모두 발아율을 향상시키지 못했지만 $T_{50}$ 및 MDG는 단축되어 조기발아 하였으며, 이러한 경향은 저온인 $15^{\circ}C$에서 더욱 현저하였다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리 후 초기함수율로 재건조하면 당근에서는 발아속도에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 양파에서는 표면건조에 비해 발아속도가 지연되었다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 상호처리간 발아력을 비교한 결과 두 작물 모두 SMP 처리가 osmotic priming보다 발아촉진에 효과적이었다. 당근과 양파종자를 osmotic priming과 SMP 처리하면 묘출현율도 향상되었고, 묘출현에 소요되는 일수를 단축시켜 신속한 묘출현을 유도하였다. 그러나 묘출현에 이은 유묘의 초기생육에는 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지는 않았으나 osmotic priming과 SMP 처리된 종자는 무처리에 비해 향상되었다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1989년도 제4회 파동 및 레이저 학술발표회 4th Conference on Waves and lasers 논문집 - 한국광학회
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• pp.49-54
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• 1989

Thin solid film systems polarizing beam splitter and disk amplifier used in the high power laser system ({{{{ lambda }}0=1060nm) are designed by computer aided optimization technique. Extinction ratio of designed polarizing beam splitter for incidence angle 30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$, 55.60$^{\circ}$ are 1:93, 1:895, 1:1991. respectively. Maximum reflectance of designed thin film system of disk amplifier is less than 3% for pumping band (500-900nm) and 0.15% for laser beam. Further, SiO film chosen as one of the suitable thin films in the high power laser system is prepared by the sol=-gel process which gives high damage threshold. When the withdrawal speed is 6.15cm/min -16.62 cm/min and the mixing ratio is in the range of 1 mol (ethylsilicate): 4-8mol(ethylalcohol) : 2mol(water), the thickness of deposited film is in the range of 500{{{{ ANGSTROM }}-1500{{{{ ANGSTROM }}.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1068-1073
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• 2004

노루궁뎅이 버섯의 열수 추출 실험을 실시하면서 반응표면분석에 의해 추출물의 특성을 최적화하였다. 추출물의 가용성 고형분은 설정된 추출온도와 추출시간에 대해서는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 용매에 대한 시료비가 증가할수록 가용성 고형분이 증가하였으며, 페놀성 화합물과 조단백 함량도 추출온도보다는 용매에 대한 시료비가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추출물의 전자공여작용은 용매에 대한 시료비와 추출온도가 증가할수록 증가하다가 최적 추출조건에서 최대점을 보이다가 이후로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이들 추출물의 특성을 모두 만족시키는 최적 추출조건은 추출온도 91.5$^{\circ}C$∼96.5$^{\circ}C$, 용매에 대한 시료비 3.5∼4.2 g/100 mL로 나타났으며 예측된 최적 추출조건의 임의의 점에서 실험한 결과, 각 반응변수들의 예측값과 실제값이 유사하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.126-137
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• 2003

The feasibility study of UV-disinfection system was performed for disinfection of effluent from wastewater treatment plant. Three low-pressure UV lamps of 17, 25, and 41 W were examined with various flow rates. Low-pressure UV lamps of 17W were examined with various turbidity, DOM (dissolved organic matter), and SS (suspended solid). The pilot plant was a flow-through type UV-disinfection system, and the range of exposure time varied from 5 to 40 seconds, turbidity from 0 to 40 NTU, DOM from 0 to 30 mg/L, and SS from 10 to 40 mg/L. The 41W lamp demonstrated complete disinfection showing no survival ratio in all the experimental conditions, and generally 17W and 25W lamps also showed high removal ratio over 97%. For the same UV dose (UV intensity times exposure time), high intensity-short exposure conditions showed better disinfection efficiency than low intensity-long exposure conditions. While the effects of turbidity and DOM were not apparent, the effects of SS was significant on the disinfection efficiency which indicates that SS control before UV-disinfection appears to be necessary to increase removal efficiency. Considering characteristics of effluent from existing wastewater treatment plants, cost-effectiveness, stable performance, and minimum maintenance, the flow-through type UV-disinfection system with high intensity and low-pressure lamps was thought to be a competitive disinfection system for wastewater reclamation.