• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2017

Dinickel-silicide $(Ni_2Si)/glass$ was employed as a counter electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. $Ni_2Si$ was formed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at $700^{\circ}C$ for 15 seconds of a 50 nm-Ni/50 nm-Si/glass structure. For comparison, $Ni_2Si$ on quartz was also prepared through conventional electric furnace annealing (CEA) at $800^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. XRD, XPS, and EDS line scanning of TEM were used to confirm the formation of $Ni_2Si$. TEM and CV were employed to confirm the microstructure and catalytic activity. Photovoltaic properties were examined using a solar simulator and potentiostat. XRD, XPS, and EDS line scanning results showed that both CEA and RTA successfully led to tne formation of nano $thick-Ni_2Si$ phase. The catalytic activity of $CEA-Ni_2Si$ and $RTA-Ni_2Si$ with respect to Pt were 68 % and 56 %. Energy conversion efficiencies (ECEs) of DSSCs with $CEA-Ni_2Si$ and $RTA-Ni_2Si$catalysts were 3.66 % and 3.16 %, respectively. Our results imply that nano-thick $Ni_2Si$ may be used to replace Pt as a reduction catalytic layer for a DSSCs. Moreover, we show that nano-thick $Ni_2Si$ can be made available on a low-cost glass substrate via the RTA process.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.83-88
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• 2015

Purpose: Photovoltaic system is a technique for producing electrical power by utilizing solar energy, which can be used over 20 years with simple maintenance. However, in the case of photovoltaic systems, the energy conversion efficiency decreases as the surface temperature of module increases, compared with other renewable energy technologies. In this regard, PVT module can increase the energy utilization of a composite module as producing heat and electricity simultaneously by using solar energy. Currently, many researches have been promoting in order to develop a high efficiency PVT module in Korea. However, there are a few studies about the performance of the modules corresponding the shape of types and various heat exchangers of the PVT module. In this study, the electrical performance was measured by the change of the ambient temperature and the circulating water temperature using the fabricated PVT module. Method: Experiments were performed using a solar simulator. And this experiment was assumed that the weather condition was in each season, as winter, spring, autumn and summer. It was identified that the I-V curve associated with the change of the experimental conditions and confirmed the change in the electrical characteristics. Result: As a result, it was figured out that the surface temperature and the electrical performance changes in case conditions. The electrical performance was calculated in different temperature condition and the power production was confirmed by the change of module temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.571-575
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• 2005

In order to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), $TiO_2$ electrode screen-printed on transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate was sintered in variation with different temperature$(350\;to\;550^{\circ}C)$. $TiO_2$ electrode on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass was assembled with Pt counter electrode on FTO glass. I-V properties of DSSCs were measured under solar simulator. Also, effect of sintering temperature on surface morphology of $TiO_2$ films was investigated to understand correlation between its surface morphology and sintering temperature. Such surface morphology was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Below sintering temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, efficiency of DSSCs was relatively lower due to lower open circuit voltage. Oppositely, above sintering temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, efficiency of DSSCs was relatively higher due to higher open circuit voltage. In both cases, lower fill factor (FF) was observed. However, at sintering temperature of $500^{\circ}C$, both efficiency and fill factor of DSSCs were mutually complementary, enhancing highest fill factor and efficiency. Such results can be explained in comparison of surface morphology with schematic diagram of energy states on the $TiO_2$ electrode surface. Consequently, it was considered that optimum sintering temperature of a-terpinol included $TiO_2$ paste is at $500^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2009

This paper presents a proper condition to achieve above 17 % conversion efficiency using PC1D simulator. Crystalline silicon wafer with thickness of $240{\mu}m$ was used as a starting material. Various efficiency influencing parameters such as rear surface recombination velocity and minority carrier diffusion length in the base region, front surface recombination velocity, junction depth and doping concentration in the Emitter layer. Among the investigated variables, we learn that 2nd doping concentration as a key factor to achieve conversion efficiency higher than 17 %.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2009

기존의 박막 실리콘 태양전지는 TCO와 p-layer 사이의 Bandgap차이가 p-layer, i-layer, n-layer 사이의 Bandgap 차이보다 커서 TCO를 통과한 태양광이 p-layer에 흡수되기 전에 일정량 손실된다. 이를 해결하기 위하여, p-layer 위에 기존의 p-layer보다 높은 Bandgap을 갖는 p buffer layer가 추가된 박막 실리콘 태양전지 구조를 만들어서 흡수되는 태양광의 손실량을 줄이고, 변환효율을 높이고자 하였다. 실험은 ASA Simulator를 이용하여 진행하였으며, Simulation결과 1.92eV의 Bandgap을 갖는 p buffer layer의 추가로 인하여, 기존 10.64%에서 11.16%로 증가된 변환효율을 얻을 수 있었다. Bandgap뿐만 아니라 다른 요소의 최적화도 이루어진다면, 기존의 박막 실리콘 태양전지보다 훨씬 높은 변환효율을 갖는 박막 실리콘 태양전지를 설계 하는 것이 가능 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2016

태양광 패널 등가모델을 결합한 태양광 발전 패널 모의 장치(SAS)는 정확도 면에서 많은 장점이 있다. 특히 SAS에서 사용되는 등가회로 모델은 주변 환경에 맞게 빠르게 변하는 I-V 출력특성을 추출할 수 있어야 하며, 추출시간이 짧을수록 좋다. 본 논문은 태양광 등가회로 모델의 파라미터를 빠르게 추출하여 I-V 특성곡선을 모사할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 실시간으로 변화하는 태양광 패널의 출력 특성을 빠르게 모사하기 위해 미분을 사용해서 등가회로의 파라미터를 추출한다. 제안 모델의 타당성 검증은 기존의 사용하는 방법들과의 비교를 통해 진행하였고, 그 결과 정확도는 기존의 사용하는 방법과 비슷하게 유지하면서 속도는 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.230-232
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• 2008

본 논문은 정상상태에서의 태양광 PV 모듈의 출력특성을 가지며 일사량과 온도의 변화에 따라 가 변하는 I-V 곡선의 특성을 나타내는 태양광 어레이 시뮬레이터의 제작에 관한 연구 결과이다. 본 시뮬레이터는 태양전지의 I-V 곡선상의 동작점을 실시간으로 표시하여, 가변하는 일사량과 온도를 설정하는 유저 인터페이스를 Labview 프로그램으로 구현하였으며 직류 프로그래머블 전원장치(DC programmable power supply)를 GPIB로 연결하여 구현하였다. 정상 부하조건 뿐만 아니라 개방조건, 단락조건에서도 동작하는 태양전지 동작점 추적 알고리즘을 개발하였으며 실험을 통하여 제안한 알고리즘의 효용성을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.509-521
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• 2014

In this paper two protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are examined through both a simulation and a case study. The simulation was performed with the optimized network (OPNET) simulator while comparing the performance of the Ad-Hoc on demand Distance Vector (AODV) and the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols. This is compared and shown with real-world measurement of deflection from eight wireless sensor nodes. The wireless sensor response results were compared with accelerometer sensors for validation purposes. It was found that although the computer simulation suggests the AODV protocol is more accurate, in the case study no distinct difference was found. However, it was shown that AODV is still more beneficial in the field as it has a longer battery life enabling longer surveying times. This is a significant finding as a large factor in determining the use of wireless network sensors as a method of assessing structural response has been their short battery life. Thus if protocols which enhance battery life, such as the AODV protocol, are employed it may be possible in the future to couple wireless networks with solar power extending their monitoring periods.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.743-751
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• 2016

An ongoing research project is devoted to the design and implementation of a satellite based asset tracking for supporting emergency management in crisis operations. Due to the emergency environment, one has to rely on a low power consumption wireless communication. Therefore, the communication hardware and software must be designed to match requirements, which can only be foreseen at the level of more or less likely scenarios. The latter aspect suggests a deep use of a simulator (instead of a real network of sensors) to cover extreme situations. The former power consumption remark suggests the use of a minimal computer (Raspberry Pi) as data collector.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

Scale model measurements should be conducted under an actual sky or in a simulated sky where conditions can be held constant. A number of successful attempts have been made to develop artificial sky domes with man-made sun emulators. With reference to formerly-developed examples, sky simulator facility has recently been activated in oder to provide desirable sky conditions for teaching and studies. The structure is a 6m-diameter dome and promises to set various condition for energy related and lighting research activities. The sky dome is also equipped a heliodon, the tilt table, to facilitate additive direct sun impact under clear skies. Shading studies, using scale models with the heliodon, reveal how a building's design blocks or permits light's passage to the interior; solar access studies, and tests of the reflection and transmittance characteristics of new daylighting technologies. The design and construction specification and the initial operating experience with a building configuration are reported.