• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

The composition of artificial soil in a containerized seedling production plays an important role in seedling quality as well as environmental issues. We investigated the effects of different types of biomaterials and mixed ratio with artificial soil on the growth of Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedlings. Soil medium was supplemented with 3 levels (0%, 10%, 20%) of pine bark, mushroom sawdust and rice husk. Root collar diameter (RCD), height growth, and biomass have significantly increased when rice husk was applied. Compared with the control, RCD and height growth showed highest in 20% rice husk treatment with an increase of 5.7% and 17.6%, respectively. In contrast, the treatments of pine bark and mushroom sawdust showed lower results in growth parameters (RCD, height growth, and total biomass) than control. Seedling quality index was also highest at the 20% rice husk treatment, but there was not statistically different among treatments. Our results suggested rice husk can be substituted up to 20% of substrates for containerized F. rhynchophylla seedling production system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.316-318
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to write out vulnerability for western area in Jeju island by using drastic method which is the most frequently utilized among the writing techniques of underground water vulnerability. In case of aquifer, it was divided into two types, gravel layer or not and rated. And soil media was rated two kinds of method. Plan 1 is concerned with only soil class and plan 2 is concerned with soil class and gravels (or rocks), Vadose zone was rated differently according to the ratio of gravel layer. In case of plan 1, the scope of drastic index is from the minimum 77 to the maximum 176, on the other hand, plan 2, the scope of drastic index is from the minimum 79 to the maximum 182. In case of using the water quality data of Nitrate from 1994 to 2004, Pearson correlation coefficient are 0.164(Plan 1) and 0.124(Plan 2) and Spearman correlation coefficient are 0.132(Plan 1) and 0.113.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.693-699
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• 2015

It has been known that torrential rainfall events have been occurring worldwide due to climate change. The accelerated soil erosion has caused negative impacts on water quality and ecosystem of receiving waterbodies. Since soil security issues have been arising in various areas of the world, intensive interests have been given to topsoil management in Korea. Thus in this study, Web GIS-based computing system of physical, chemical, and biological topsoil quality indices were developed. In this study, five soil quality maps at national scale and top soil erosion potential were prepared for evaluation of soil quality based on soil erosion potential. For this system, the open source Web GIS engine, OpenGeo, was used as core engine of the system. With this system, decision makers or related personnel in areas of soil erosion Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be able to find the most appropriate soil erosion BMPs based on soil erosion potential and soil quality at the area of interest. The Web GIS system would be efficiently used in decision making processes because of ease-of-use interface and scientific data used in this system. This Web GIS system would be efficiently used because this system could provide scientific knowledge to decision makers or stakeholders. Currently various BMP database are being built to be used as a decision support system in topsoil management and topsoil quality areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.869-881
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• 2022

In this study, a field study was conducted to investigate the relationship between high-resolution remote images and the volumetric moisture, and the number of compaction. Changes in the shape of the surface and soil moisture content were observed and correlated with the number of compactions using roller equipment. As the compaction is repeated, the surface is flattened and the terrain curvature decreases and converges to zero. In particular, the tangential curvature changes as the number of compactions increase. Due to soil compaction, the vegetation index changed from a positive to a negative value, and most of the test site area was homogenized with a negative index. This suggests a decrease in porosity and an increase in volumetric water content associated with increasing soil compaction. Soil moisture, measured using a frequency domain reflectometry(FDR) sensor, tends to increase proportionately with the number of vibration compactions, but the correlation between the number of compactions and soil moisture is unclear. This study suggests that while it is necessary to consider the reproducibility of the experiments performed, the compaction quality of the soil can be evaluated using high-resolution terrain factors and soil moisture.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.548-554
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• 2016

Optimal range of soil physical quality to enhance crop productivity or to improve environmental health is still in dispute for the upland soil. We hypothesized that the optimal range might be established by comparing soil physical parameters and their interactions inhibiting crop growth. The parameter identifying optimal range covered favorable conditions of aeration, permeability and root extension. To establish soil physical standard two experiments were conducted as follows; 1) investigating interactions of bulk density and aeration porosity in the laboratory test and 2) determining effects of soil compaction and deep & conventional tillage on physical properties and crop growth in the field test. The crops were Perilla frutescens, Zea mays L., Solanum tuberosum L. and Secale cereael. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density from the root depth, root growth and stem length were obtained. Higher bulk density showed lower aeration porosity and hydraulic conductivity, and finer texture had lower threshold bulk density at 10% aeration bulk density. Reduced crop growth by subsoil compaction was higher in silt clay loam compared to other textures. Loam soil had better physical improvement in deep rotary tillage plot. Combined with results of the present studies, the soil physical quality was possibly assessed by bulk density index. Threshold subsoil bulk density as the upper value were $1.55Mg\;m^{-3}$ in sandy loam, $1.50Mg\;m^{-3}$ in loam and $1.45Mg\;m^{-3}$ in silty clay loam for optimal soil physical quality in upland.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

This review examined the current administrative policies and guidelines for management of reclaimed soils after remediation processes and proposed practical strategies to improve the potential value of the remediated soil as a resource. Three management practices are proposed to facilitate more efficient recycling of remediated soil; obligatory use, quality certification, and tracking of the remediated soils. If properly implemented in utilization of remediated soil, these strategies could contribute to enhancing public safety by assuring soil quality. Such administrative tools, for both suppliers and demanders, are expected to mitigate potential risks associated with the transactions of remediated soil. To enhance the quality assurance process, a soil quality certification combined with the soil health assessment index was proposed. The systematic integration of the suggested practices with soil health assessment can allow to produce optimal results, encompassing affordability, efficiency, and accessibility, which helps establishing more robust 'Remediated Soil Recycling Management System (RSRMS)'. Subsequent researches should be conducted to develop more effective policies that incorporate soil health assessment tools. The proposed management practices for remediated soil, coupled with soil health assessment, can be a pioneering effort to achieve such goals. By fostering an environmentally friendly policies, the sustainable utilization of remediated soil can be attained. Overall, the proposed strategies can provide a sound framework for responsible and sustainable soil management practices.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.930-936
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• 2010

There is very important to investigate long-term trend of soil chemical properties and quality index for sustainable agriculture and production of agricultural safety products. Monitoring on soil chemical properties in paddy soils was conducted as one cycle with 4 years from 1999 to 2007. Paddy soil samples were taken from 4,007, 1,970, 2,070 sites in 1999, 2003 and 2007, respectively. With these data, soil quality index (SQI) was evaluated by method that Yoon et al suggested in 2004. Chemical properties of paddy soils were 5.8 for pH, 24 g $kg^{-1}$ for organic matter, 132 mg $kg^{-1}$ for available phosphate, 0.29 cmol_c\; kg-1 for exchangeable potassium, 4.7 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable calcium, 1.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable magnesium and 126 mg $kg^{-1}$ for available silicate in 2007. Long-term change was shown that pH has increased gradually whereas exchangeable potassium has decreased. However, reasonably large changes were found. Exchangeable calcium and available silicate level in 1999 was 4.0 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 86 mg $kg^{-1}$, but had risen to 4.7 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, 126 mg $kg^{-1}$ in 2007, respectively. The change of paddy soils quality index was increased gradually and increasement of silicate quality index was higher than other quality indicators.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to estimate leaf area index (LAI) as a function of image-derived vegetation indices, and to compare measured and estimated LAI to the results of crop model simulation. Soil moisture, crop phenology, and LAI data were obtained several times during the 2001 growing season at monitoring sites established in two central Missouri experimental fields, one planted to com (Zea mays L.) and the other planted to soybean (Glycine max L.). Hyper- and multi-spectral images at varying spatial. and spectral resolutions were acquired from both airborne and satellite platforms, and data were extracted to calculate standard vegetative indices (normalized difference vegetative index, NDVI; ratio vegetative index, RVI; and soil-adjusted vegetative index, SAVI). When comparing these three indices, regressions for measured LAI were of similar quality $(r^2$ =0.59 to 0.61 for com; $r^2$ =0.66 to 0.68 for soybean) in this single-year dataset. CERES(Crop Environment Resource Synthesis)-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were calibrated to measured soil moisture and yield data and used to simulate LAI over the growing season. The CERES-Maize model over-predicted LAI at all corn monitoring sites. Simulated LAI from CROPGRO-Soybean was similar to observed and image-estimated LA! for most soybean monitoring sites. These results suggest crop growth model predictions might be improved by incorporating image-estimated LAI. Greater improvements might be expected with com than with soybean.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2004

Precision agriculture aims to minimize costs and environmental damage caused by agriculture and to maximize crop yield and profitability, based on information collected at within-field locations. In this process, quantification of soil physical properties, including soil strength, would be useful. To quantify and manage variability in soil strength, there is need for a strength sensor that can take measurements continuously while traveling across the field. In this paper, preliminary analyses were conducted using two datasets available with current technology, (1) cone penetrometer readings collected at different compaction levels and for different soil textures and (2) tillage draft (TD) collected from an entire field. The objective was to provide information useful for design of an on-the-go soil strength profile sensor and for interpretation of sensor test results. Analysis of cone index (CI) profiles led to the selection of a 0.5-m design sensing depth, 10-MPa maximum expected soil strength, and 0.1-MPa sensing resolution. Compaction level, depth, texture, and water content of the soil all affected CI. The effects of these interacting factors on data obtained with the soil strength sensor should be investigated through experiments. Spatial analyses of CI and TD indicated that the on-the-go soil strength sensor should acquire high spatial-resolution, high-frequency ($\ge$ 4 Hz) measurements to capture within-field spatial variability.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composted liquid manure (CLM) on soil properties and turf quality of zoysiagrass. The CLMs were produced at 5 facilities for livestock excretions treatments located in Cheongwon, Gunwi, Iksan, Nonsan, and Yeoju in Korea, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at 5 golf courses and a sod farm located near each facility for livestock excretion treatments. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with N at $12g\;m^{-2}year^{-1}$ and CLMs were applied four times, respectively. The constituents of the different CLMs were variable based on when and where the fertilizer was produced. Soil K content significantly increased when the soil was treated with CLMs. The soil treated with CF showed a higher content of total P than that treated with CLM. CF and CLMs treatments significantly increased the turf color index compared with control. Tiller density and shoot dry weight of fertilized plots were also higher than those of non-fertilized plots. However, there was no significant difference in turf color index and tiller density among plots treated by CLMs or CF. The results of this study demonstrated that CLMs could be a substitute for CF.