• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1997

Governments and industry have a growing interest in the harmonization of environmental test methods and risk assessment procedures. OECD are currently producing a set of harmonised test guidelines for studying the environmental fate and ecological effects of pesticides. FAO has published an environmental risk assessment procedure. This procedure, which is similar to those used in US and Europe, is based on calculating the ratio of the toxicity of a pesticide to indicator organisms to their level of exposure to the pesticide. The exposure depends on both the concentration of the pesticide and its bioavailability. Ratios which indicate a pesticide will not produce a harmful effect have been established using ecological field studies. Examples are presented for assessing the risk to aquatic ecosystems, earthworms and honeybees. Long-term field studies(up to 20 years) have also shown that pesticides can be used indefinitely without harming soil fertility. Herbicides can be used to avoid the ecologically damaging effects of using soil cultivations excessively for weed control.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

Earth friendly system is applied widely to industries for maintaining development. The declaration of earth friendly characteristic which is an indication of the total amount of energy in evaluation of earth friendly material is not easy to apply to building materials Therefore, Accurate standards about earth friendly materials are necessary. Earth friendly building materials should be considered in the fields of energy and resource consumption, changes in urban climate and resident health, etc. Among these fields, energy and resource consumption has released toxic pollutants into the air, caused indoor moisture problems and exhausted resources continuously. Especially, moisture problem is an indicator of main factors of earth friendly characteristic. Timber, Soil. Cement Mortar and Charcoal are used to examine the sustainable properties of materials of moisture control. The result shows that wood, charcoal and soil is vivid in changes of moisture absorption and discharge in comparison with that of cement mortar.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.355-358
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Changes in Korea's agricultural soil properties were analyzed at a four-year interval from 1999 to 2002 on a national scale and used as basis for the determination of the appropriate agricultural policy on maintaining food safety and soil quality. The scope of this study ideally requires sampling thousands of paddy, greenhouse, upland and orchard land across the country, however, due to limitations in economic and manpower resources, it was deemed necessary to reduce sampling site to greenhouse soil. In this study, we try to investigate the applicability of cultivated crops as criteria for selecting representing fields in greenhouse soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples were collected from red pepper, oriental melon, watermelon and strawberry cultivated soil. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on soil chemical properties of the selected fields: pH, electron conductivity (EC), available phosphate (Av-P₂O₅), organic matter (OM), and exchangeable cation (Ex.-K, Ca, and Mg). Soil chemical properties of oriental melon cultivated soil was separated from red pepper, watermelon, and strawberry cultivated soil on PC1 and red pepper cultivated soil was separated from watermelon cultivated soil on PC2. Position on PC1 was strongly correlated with pH, Ex.-Ca and Ex.-Mg and position on PC2 was strongly correlated with OM and Av-P₂O₅.CONCLUSION: The soil chemical properties of greenhouse soil was assorted amongst the different crops. Therefore, the cultivated crops as a criteria for the selection of representative field in greenhouse soil would be used in the future.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2005

본 연구는 물리화학적인 평가방법에만 의존하고 있는 토양오염평가에 대해 생태독성학적 방법(ecotoxicological methods)을 도입하긴 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 오염물질에 민감하게 반응하는 토양생물을 이용하여 단기간에 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 측정방법을 고안하고, 대상토양에서의 생존 및 성장률을 정량적인 방법으로 측정하여 토양의 안전성 및 오염정도를 평가하였다. 실험연구는 토양 동$cdot$식물 모두를 포함하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 식물독성 실험(발아 및 성장저해실험), 그리고 토양 무척추동물 독성실험(단순접촉법에 의한 생존률 실험)으로 구성되었다 식물독성실험에서는 국내 주요농작물인 Zea may, Triticum aestivum, Cucumis sativus, 그리고 Sorghum bicolor를 대상 식물로 하여 중금속 토양의 오염정도와 식물의 생장률, 식물 내 중금속 축적량의 상관관계를 분석하고. 이들 실험식물 중에 꼭 토양오염의 평가에 적합한 식물지표종으로 Cucumis sativus와 Sorghum bicolor를 제안하였다. 토양무척추동물 독성실험에서는 국내사육종일. Perionyx excavatus를 이용하여 톨루엔오염토양을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 토양 생물을 이용하는 생태독성학적 평가방법은 물리화학적 측정방법과 함께 토양오염을 평가하는 정량적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-113
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• 2020

토양은 인간의 삶의 터전이자 식량안보를 책임질 수 있는 근간으로, UN의 지속가능한 개발 목표에서도 중요하게 다루고 있다. 농업환경에서 토양 리질리언스는, 불확실성과 예측불가능성이 높은 시대에 건전하고 지속가능한 토양 관리를 위해 반드시 필요한 연구분야이다. 토양 리질리언스의 정의는 연구자들마다 조금씩 다르나 교란에 대한 회복과 저항 개념을 공통적으로 포함하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 종류의 교란에 대한 토양 리질리언스의 반응을 평가하기 위하여 사용된 토양의 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적 특성들을 정리하였다. 이어서 토양 리질리언스 연구의 시공간적 범위가 넓은 것에 기인한 다양한 통계 처리 기법들과 리질리언스 정량화 방법들을 정리하였다. 또한 많은 토양 리질리언스 연구들은 공통적으로 (1) 토양 및 부지 선정 (2) 스트레스 및 교란 (독립변수) 설정 (3) 토양 특성 및 지표 (종속변수) 설정 (4) 다양한 시공간적 규모 (scale) 실험 수행 (5) 데이터 통계분석 등 5단계에 걸쳐 수행되어왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 선행 및 이번 연구를 통해 토양 리질리언스의 일반적 개론을 다루었으며, 이를 바탕으로 국내 농업 환경을 고려한 실질적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.416-421
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• 2003

To develop an easy, low-cost method for evaluating the degree of weathering by radioactive prospecting, radioactive prospecting and the investigation of the degree of weathering were carried out in the southern Kitakami massif of Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in which weathering granitic rocks was distributed. Fifty outcrops in the study area were selected, and strength of the gamma-rays emitted from the weathering bedrock of $^{40}K,\;^{214}Bi,\;and\;^{208}Tl$ was measured for 15 minutes at each point. At the same points, soil hardness was measured on the surface of the outcrop with a Yamanaka soil penetration tester. In addition, 100cc samples of each outcrop were taken with the sampler. The samples were analyzed by XRD, and the kind of the rock-forming minerals containing K was identified. We then compared the degree of weathering and the radioactive prospecting results by using K as an indicator. The relation between $^{40}K/^{208}Tl$ gamma rays counting rate by the radioactive prospecting and the hardness index showed a positive correlation as a result of the investigation, and the correlation coefficient ($R^2$) was 0.67.Moreover, when $^{40}K/^{208}Tl$ gamma rays counting rate emitted from the bedrock was low, the number of rock-forming mineral species containing K was also low. Thus, it was found that $^{40}K/^{208}Tl$ gamma rays counting rate measured by the radioactive prospecting could be used as an indicator of the degree of weathering.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.580-586
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• 2017

The fractionation characteristics of organic matter were investigated in inflow and effluent of each other pollution sources and river. While the DOC/TOC ratio in the influent of public sewage treatment plant and livestock disposal facilities was above 0.58, the POC/TOC ratio of human livestock Night soil treatment plant and stormwater runoff was more than 0.7. The TOC removal efficiency of public sewage treatment plant and human livestock Night soil treatment plant were 88.5 % and 99.6 %, respectively. Although the concentration distribution of organic matter pollution most of total organic carbon (TOC) in effluent of pollution sources accounted for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) type (DOC/TOC ratio >0.89) and Refractory-DOC (RDOC)/TOC ratio was higher (>0.65). The fractionation characteristics of organic matter in river were similar with that of sewage treatment plant and TOC concentration showed the positive correlation with DOC ($r^2=0.93$) and RDOC ($r^2=0.89$) concentration. The decay rate of Labile DOC (LDOC) (avg. $0.128day^{-1}$) was higher than labile particulate organic carbon (LPOC) ($0.082day^{-1}$), while that of DOC ($0.008day^{-1}$) was lower than POC ($0.039day^{-1}$) (paired t-test, p < 0.001, n = 5). These study results suggested that it should consider important both TOC and DOC as the target indicator to control refractory organic matter in pollution sources.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.500-506
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• 2017

본 연구는 자가제조퇴비를 사용하는 유기농가와 관행농가로 구분하여 생산되는 배추와 토양의 위생지표세균(Aerobic plate count, coliform count, yeast & mold)과 식중독발병 가능성이 있는 유해미생물(Staphylococcus aureus, Environmental listeria, Bacillus cereus)의 밀도를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 토양과 식물체 모두 식품에서 위해균 허용한계치인 5.0 Log CFU/g 이하로 검출되었다. 또한 토양에서 위해균 검출량과 식물체 표면의 위해균 검출량간의 상관 관계를 분석한 결과 정의 상관관계에 있었다. 또한 토양과 식물의 중금속 오염도를 조사한 결과 검출되지 않거나 허용한계치 이하로 검출되었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2016

The carbon capture and storage (CCS), which collects and stores carbon dioxide in a geological site, is a promising option to mitigate climate change. However, there is the possibility of carbon dioxide leakage from the soil in the steps of collecting, transporting, and storing. To ensure the feasibility of this technology, it is important to monitor the leakage of carbon dioxide and to assess the potential impacts. As plants are sensitive to the changes in carbon dioxide in the soil environment, we can utilize plant parameter to detect the carbon dioxide leakage. Currently, chlorophyll a content is a conventional index indicating the changes in plants, however, this method is labor intensive and it only utilizes a small portion of leaves. To overcome its limitations, a simple spectroscopic parameter, DGCI (dark green color index), was suggested as an easy and quick indicator. In this study, we compared the values of chlorophyll a contents with DGCI from the experiment investigating the impacts of high underground $CO_2$ on grape plants. Results suggest that DGCI had high correlation with chlorophyll a contents and it has high potential to be utilized as an easy indicator to monitor plants' responses to $CO_2$ treatment.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.62.1-62.1
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• 2015

Polarization of the light reflected off the Moon provides information on the size and composition of the particles in the lunar regolith. The mean particle size of the regolith can be estimated from the combination of the albedo and degree of polarization, while the color ratio of the parallel-component polarization (CP) has been suggested to be related to the amount of nanophase metallic iron (npFe^0) inside the regolith particles. Both the mean size and npFe^0 abundance of the particles have been used as maturity indicators of the regolith since sustained impacts of high energy particles and micro-meteoroids cause comminution of particles and production of npFe^0. Based on our multispectral polarimetric observations of the whole near side of the Moon in the U, B, V, R, and I bands, we compare the maps of the mean particle size, CP, and the optical maturity (OM). We find that the mean particle size map is sensitive to the most immature (~0.1 Gyr) soil, the OP map to the intermediate immaturity (a few 0.1 Gyr) soil, and the CP map to the least immature (~1 Gyr) soil.