• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2001

Bacillus속에 속하는 세균을 FISH 방법으로 검출하기 위한 새로운 방법을 개발하였다. LGC353b, S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22와 S-G-Bacill-0597-a-S-22 등 3개의 probe를 22종의 Bacillus속 세균의 혼합배양액에 적용한 결과 S-G-Bacill-0597-a-A-22의 probe가 DAPI로 검출된 세균 중 95%가 FISH로도 측정되어 가장 효율이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. Hybrillization 과정 전에 Bacillus의 영양세포와 포자의 세포벽을 파괴하기 위하여 SDS/DTT (dithiothreitol)와 lysozyme를 순차적으로 전처리하는 방법과 lysozyme용액으로만 전처리 하는 두 가지 방법을 사용하였다. 그 결과, Bacillus를 검출하기 위해서는 영양세포의 경우에는 lysozyme용액으로만 전처리 하는 방법이 가장 좋았으며, 포자는 FISH로 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 토양, 하수 처리장등의 생태계에서 Bacillus를 검출할 경우에는 영양세포는 lysozyme으로 전처리 하여 FISH로 검출하고 포자는 따로 포자염색으로 검출하는 두가지 방법을 병행하여야한다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

Annual ring formation is considered a source of information to investigate the effects of environmental changes caused by temperature, air pollution, and acid rain on tree growth. A comparative investigation of annual ring growth of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to environmental changes was conducted at two sites in southern Korea (Haenam and Jangseong). Three wood disks from each site were collected from stems at breast height and annual ring growth was analyzed. Annual ring area at two sites increased over time (p > 0.05). Tree ring growth rate in Jangseong was higher than that in Haenam. Annual ring area increment in Jangseong was more strongly correlated with environmental variables than that in Haenam; annual ring growth increased with increasing temperature (p < 0.01) and a positive effect of $NO_2$ concentration on annual ring area (p < 0.05) could be attributed to nitrogen deposition in Jangseong. The correlation of annual ring growth increased with decreasing $SO_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations (p < 0.01) in Jangseong. Variation in annual growth rings in Jangseong could be associated with temperature changes and N deposition. In Haenam, annual ring growth was correlated with $SO_2$ concentration (p < 0.01), and there was a negative relationship between precipitation pH and annual ring area (p < 0.01) which may reflect changes in nutrient cycles due to the acid rain. Therefore, the combined effects of increased $CO_2$, N deposition, and temperature on tree ring growth in Jangseong may be linked to soil acidification in this forest ecosystem. The interactions between air pollution ($SO_2$) and precipitation pH in Haenam may affect tree growth and may change nutrient cycles in this site. These results suggested that annual tree ring growth in Jangseong was more correlated with environmental variables than that in Haenam. However, the further growth of C. japonica forest at two sites is at risk from the long-term effects of acid deposition from fossil fuel combustion.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2011

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants, and a phytotoxic anthropogenic air pollutant. In North America and Europe, the current concentration of $O_3$ has been shown to have significant adverse effects on vegetation. In this review, we summarize the experimental studies on the effects of $O_3$ on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species to understand the present knowledge and provide sound basis for future research toward the assessment of $O_3$ impacts on Japanese forest ecosystem. Since the 1990s, several Japanese researchers have conducted the experimental studies on the effects of ambient levels of $O_3$ on growth and physiological functions such as net photosynthesis of Japanese forest tree species. Although the sensitivity to $O_3$ of whole-plant growth is quite different among the species, it was suggested that the current ambient levels of $O_3$ in Japan are high enough to adversely affect growth and photosynthetic activity of Japanese forest tree species classified into high $O_3$ sensitivity group such as Japanese beech. The N load to soil has been shown to reduce the sensitivity to $O_3$ of Japanese larch and increase that of Japanese beech. To establish the critical level of $O_3$ for protecting Japanese forest tree species, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the N deposition from the atmosphere. There is little information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and other environmental factors such as elevated $CO_2$ and drought on growth and physiological functions of Japanese forest tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the experimental study and accumulate the information on the combined effects of $O_3$ and any other abiotic environmental factors on Japanese forest tree species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.740-747
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• 2014

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a very serious disease in rice-growing regions of the world. In spite of their economic importance, there are no effective ways of protecting rice plants from this disease. Bacteriophages infecting Xoo affect the population dynamics of the pathogen and consequently the occurrence of the disease. In this study, we investigated the diversity, host range, and infectivity of Xoo phages, and their use as a bicontrol agent on BLB was tested. Among the 34 phages that were isolated from floodwater in paddy fields, 29 belonged to the Myoviridae family, which suggests that the dominant phage in the ecosystem was Myoviridae. The isolated phages were classified into two groups based on plaque size produced on the lawn of Xoo. In general, there was a negative relationship between plaque size and host range, and interestingly the phages having a narrow host range had low efficiency of infectivity. The deduced protein sequence analysis of htf genes indicated that the gene was not a determinant of host specificity. Although the difference in host range and infectivity depending on morphotype needs to be addressed, the results revealed deeper understanding of the interaction between the phages and Xoo strains in floodwater and damp soil environments. The phage mixtures reduced the occurrence of BLB when they were treated with skim milk. The results indicate that the Xoo phages could be used as an alternative control method to increase the control efficacy and reduce the use of agrochemicals.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to experimentally test the effect of tillage methods on the reduction of runoff, non-point source (NPS) pollution load, sediment and discharge under a rainfall simulation. We used the runoff plots of $5m{\times}30m$ ($L{\times}W$) in size. Experimental treatments were conventional tillage (CT), CT-rice straw bundle (CT-RSB) and two no-till (NT) plots; slope of 3 % or 8 % ; and rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr. The rainfall simulation was conducted to three times. The time to initial runoff from NT plots was less than that from CT plots regardless of the slope and it was delayed about 65~90 % compared to that of CT plot. And sediment discharge of 8 % slope reduced to 55 % compared to CT plot. But the sediment discharge was not occurred at 3 % slope. The NT and CT-RSB methods have a great possibility of reducing runoff and NPS pollution loads. Runoff rate of NT plots was significantly lower than those of CT plot. The average NPS pollution loads of the NT plots and CT-RSB plot reduced about 55~80 % and 2.1~40 % compared to those of the CT plots, respectively. It was also shown that runoff and NPS pollution loads reduction by NT method could be very significant and contribute to improve the water quality of streams in agricultural regions. It was concluded that the use of NT method on agricultural fields could reduce soil erosion and muddy runoff significantly and help improve the water quality and aquatic ecosystem.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

기후변화, 농업용수, 대기오염 등의 환경변화에 민감한 연구단지의 특성상 환경 자원의 이용이 용이해야 하나 현 농업기술원은 농업연구를 위한 환경 및 생태계 유지가 힘든 실정이다. 또한 지속 가능한 농업, 6차 산업화와 같은 새로운 패러다임에 입각한 기반시설을 수립하고 공공서비스의 효율적인 공급을 위해서는 경상북도농업기술원의 이전이 불가피하다. 이에 따라 농업기술원 이전을 위한 입지이론 및 방법을 검토하고 입지여건 분석을 위한 입지선정 기준을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 따라서, 먼저 공공시설 이전에 관한 입지이론에 대해 알아보았고, 입지선정을 위한 연구방법으로 후보지 여과방법을 사용하였다. 후보지 여과방법에는 요인별 점검법, 나뭇가지 모양분석법, 혼합형 분석법이 있는데 본 연구에서는 요인별 점검법을 바탕으로 하여 입지기준을 제시하였다. 이에 따라 입지선정 기준으로 경제성과 개발의 용의성, 접근성과 편의성, 농업여건, 토양여건, 인력자원 지원이 가능한 곳 그리고 연계성과 형평성이 고려되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

A large scale of riverside rearrangement has been recently done in the major rivers in Korea. So inundation possibility in agricultural area closed by these rivers has been higher than the possibility a few years ago. However, land use in this area has not been adjusted to a change of this situation near the rivers. Therefore, when typhoon or heavy rain is happened on this area, it can cause a large damage in agricultural area. This study analyzed inundation potentiality in agricultural area at Ibang-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Kyeongnam-province, Korea by using the logistic regression model and the piecewise regression model. The first thing we did was to transfer the inundation area per elevation to the accumulated inundation area per elevation. This accumulated inundation area per elevation as an distribution function could be described by the logistic regression model(LRM), and piecewise regression model(PRM) could make it much more accurate to analyze the inundation area per elevation. As a result, the regression models derived from LRM and PRM showed $R^2$ over 0.950. The models derived from LRM and PRM in Ibang-myeon noted that frequently inundated area(FIA) was shown up to 12.12m in elevation, and potentially inundated area(PIA) was shown up to 14.60m in elevation. In FIA, regular agricultural activity would be impossible. And It would be not easy to continue the regular agricultural activity in PIA. So, this land should be rearranged to be used for a buffer zone for ecosystem protection, landscape conservation and things like that in riverside.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

유기농 제풍이 아기에게 더 안전하다는 인식은 유기농 제품에 특별히 영양소가 더 많이 들어 있다는 의미는 아니다. 일부 미네랄 함량은 토양 질에 따라 달라지기 때문에 화학 비료를 많이 사용해서 토양이 오염된 경우, 미네랄 함량이 영향을 받을 수 있다. 그러나 비타민, 당질, 단백질, 지질 등 기본적인 영양소는 크게 달라지지 않는다. 그보다 아기의 건강을 위협하는 화학 농약의 피해로부터 벗어날 수 있다는 것이 유기농 제품의 가장 큰 장점일 것이다. 이와 같이 소비자들이 바라는 유기농 식품은 안전하고, 믿을 수 있고, 품질이 좋고 건강에 도움이 되며 나아가 환경과 생태계에 도움이 되는 식품일 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Ground-level ozone ($O_3$) can be a menace for vegetation, especially in Asia where $O_3$ levels have been dramatically increased over the past decades. To ensure food security and maintain forest ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and functional diversity of soil biota, in the over-populated Asia, environmental standards are needed. To set proper standards, dose-response relationships should be established from which critical levels are derived. The predictor of the response in the dose-response relationship is an $O_3$ metric that indicates the dose level to which the plant has been exposed. This study aimed to review the relevant scientific literature and summarize the $O_3$ metrics used worldwide to provide insights for Asia. A variety of $O_3$ metrics have been used, for which we discuss their strengths and weaknesses. The most widely used metrics are based only on $O_3$ levels. Such metrics have been adopted by several regulatory agencies in the global. However, they are biologically irrelevant because they ignore the plant physiological capacity. Adopting AOT40 ($O_3$ mixing ratios Accumulated Over the Threshold of $40nmol\;mol^{-1}$) as the default index for setting critical levels in Asia would be a poor policy with severe consequences at national and Pan-Asian level. Asian studies should focus on flux-based $O_3$ metrics to provide relevant bases for developing proper standards. However, given the technical requirements in calculating flux-based $O_3$ metrics, which can be an important limitation in developing countries, no-threshold cumulative exposure indices like AOT0 should always accompany flux-based indices.

• 분석과학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2010

항균제 및 자외선 차단물질, 유기인계 난연제 등과 같은 personal care products는 개인이 일상생활에서 광범위하게 사용하는 비누, 화장품, 치약 등에 포함된 합성유기화합물로 하 폐수 처리시설에서 완벽하게 제거되지 않고 생활하수에 포함된 상당수의 양이 환경 중으로 배출되고 있다. 외국사례의 경우 하천, 해양, 토양, 저질, 생물상 등 다양한 환경매체에서 검출되고 있으며, 잔류성 생물농축성이 있어 지속적으로 노출시 생태계 및 인간의 건강에 심각한 영향을 끼칠 우려가 있다. 본 연구에서는 수질환경시료 중 15종의 personal care products를 액-액추출하여 GC/MS로 분석하였으며, 방법검출한계는 $0.004\sim0.273\;{\mu}g/L$의 범위를 나타내었다. 하천수에서는 TCEP, TCPP 등 2종이 검출되었으며, 하수처리장 시료에서는 triclosan, 4-MBC, EHMC, BP-3, TCEP, TPP, TBEP 등 7종이 검출되었다.