• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2013

Quite high prevalence of acute and chronic complications of calcaneal fractures has been reported. Acute complications include blisters, wound necrosis or infection. Late complications include subtalar arthritis, calcaneal malunion, lateral subfibular impingement, tendon problems, sural nerve complications. There are many surgical or nonsurgical treatment modalities to manage those complications. However strategic initial surgical approach with gentle soft tissue handling accompanied by comprehensive understanding about numerous complications might be the best tool to achieve pain free and functional heel after treating calcaneal fractures.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2007

Purpose: To assess the arthroscopic findings in chronic lateral ankle instability and to evaluate the results of modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation and arthroscopic procedures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine cases with chronic lateral ankle instability were treated with modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation and ankle arthroscopy from May 2004 to January 2007. There were 19 male and 10 female with the mean age of 29.7 years. Mean follow up period was 15.8 months. All patients were checked preoperative stress anterior drawer and varus test with X-ray. Results: Associated injuries were 28 fat impingement projected into the joint between distal tibio-fibular space, 20 anterior impingement of soft tissue, 19 osteochondral defects and 13 loose body. Preoperative AOFAS score of pain, function and alignment were 28.9, 34.1 and 7.9 each other. They were improved into 38.7, 40.8 and 9.8 postoperatively. Conclusions: Modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation with ankle arthroscopy for chronic lateral ankle instability is believed to be a reliable option to obtain satisfactory results. Careful attention to the associated injuries such as distal fat impingement, anterior impingement, osteochondral defect and loose body is needed during the arthroscopy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.879-882
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• 2011

Purpose: Superior orbital fissure syndrome is a rare neurological complex. Superior orbital fissure syndrome may result from a variety of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, iatrogenic, traumatic, vascular cause. The author report a patient who suffered from superior orbital fissure syndrome after inferior orbital wall reduction. Methods: A 26-year-old female suffered from inferior orbital wall fracture with inferior gaze limitation and orbital soft tissue herniation. On posttrauma 10 day, inferior orbital wall was reduced using endoscope and porous polyethylene ($Medpor^{(R)}$) was inserted. On immediate postoperation, she reported that extraocular movement was limited in almost any directions. She underwent exploration surgery to release the presence of extraocular muscle impingement. But, there was no observation of extraocular muscle impingement. On postoperative one day, high-dose steroid therapy was started to release superior orbital fissure syndrome which was defined in postoperative computed tomography. Results: After one month of high-dose steroid therapy, extraocular movement limitations improved progressively in all directions. In four months, extraocular movement recovered completely. Conclusion: Superior orbital fissure syndrome may occur after surgical procedure of orbital wall reduction. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with mega-dose corticosteroid is an effective option for avoiding disaster from compressive syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2021

Patients with chronic lateral ankle instability often experience a range of associated injuries. The well-known comorbidities include intra-articular pathologies (osteochondral lesion, soft tissue or bony impingement, and loose body), peroneal tendon pathologies, neural injuries, and other extra-articular pathologies. Surgeons should have a high index of suspicion for these associated pathologies before operative intervention, correlate the clinical findings, and plan the treatment. Despite the restoration of ankle stability following ligament repair or reconstruction surgery, a high prevalence (13%~35%) of postoperative residual pain has been reported. This pain can negatively affect the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. This study examined the causes of persistent pain after surgical treatments for chronic ankle instability.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2003

The shoulder is a complex joint and, by virtue of having a large range of motion, is inherently unstable, relying on the surrounding soft tissue structures for stability. The bony joint consists of the glenoid, acromion, and humoral head, while the soft tissues include the glenoid labrum, the glenohumeral ligaments. and coracoacromial ligament as well as the muscles of the rotator cuff, the long head of the biceps, and the scapulothoracic muscles. Dysfunction in any one of these components can cause shoulder problems. The throwing motion involves a series of phases that stress to their limits the dynamic and static restraints of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints. . Therefore, maintaining a balance of proper biomechanical forces is essential to avoiding shoulder injuries in throwing athletes. Over the last decade, signficant advances have been made in the study and understanding of the shoulder mechanics, and pathophysiology of injury. Additionally, advances in surgical techniques, particularly arthroscopy , have aided in the diagnosis of and the developement of less invasive surgical treatments for injuries that do not respond to nonoperative measures. In this article, we reviewed the pathophysiology of injuries , diagnostic techniques, and surgical management of shoulder injuries in throwing athletes .

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the outcome of arthroscopic treatment for the complications of knee arthroplasty and to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 25 patients who underwent arthroscopy to treat complications of knee arthroplasty between May 1992 and June 2008. Nineteen cases out of 25 had total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the remaining 6 cases had unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Before arthroscopy, physical examinations and radiographic evaluations were carried out to find out the causes of complications. Joint fluid aspiration and hematologic evaluation were added when infection was suspected. Results: Among the diagnosis at the time of arthroscopy, there were 11 cases of infection, 6 cases of stiffness due to adhesion and fibrosis, and 2 cases of soft tissue impingement in the cases of TKA. Among the cases of UKA, one for each case of meniscal tear, subluxation of mobile insert, hemarthrosis, cement loose body, soft tissue impingement, and stiff knee was found. Nine out of 11 patients who had infection were treated successfully with arthroscopy but the remaining 2 cases underwent revision arthroplasty. Seven patients with arthrofibrosis had improved range of motion from $65^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $105^{\circ}$ postoperatively. The others also showed successful results after arthroscopy. Conclusion: Arthroscopy to treat complications after knee arthroplasty was a safe and effective method when appropriate selection of patients was made.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.102-105
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• 2012

Schwannoma is a common peripheral nerve tumor that mainly occur at head and neck, flexor muscle of upper, and lower extrimity. In posterior tibial nerve schwannoma, diagnosis is difficult, since physicians often consider achilles tendinitis, posterior impingement syndrome, retrocalcaneal bursitis, or injury of the flexor tendons, as the primary cause in patients with posterior ankle pain. Ultrasonogram may be a simple tool to differentiate such various diseases. The authors report a case of posterior tibial nerve schwannoma diagnosed with ultrasonogram, which was initially misunderstood as achilles tendinitis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.704-709
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• 1997

Space maintainers needs following extraction of primary molars, due to severe dental caries under general anesthesia. Delivery of conventional space maintainers has three of the disadvantages of the method, there being a impression taking and time consuming due to laboratory procedure, and delivery problem due to relaxed tongue. For this problem improved, modified space maintainer is prefabricated before procedure, and adjust, delivery in operation room, favorable results were obtained. The following results were obtained. 1. Delivery time is very reduced than conventional space maintainers. 2. After space maintainer delivery, follow check-up, without impingement of soft tissue, distortion of wire. After space maintainer delivery, continuous research is required so that space maintainer delivery is applied to usual dental treatment, and it is necessary of long term research.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2022

It is known that chronic pain and injury of upper limb joint tissue in manual wheelchair users is usually caused by muscle imbalance, and the propulsion speed is reported to increase this muscle imbalance. In this study, kinematic variables, electromyography, and ultrasonographic images of the upper limb were measured and analyzed at two different propulsion speeds to provide a quantitative basis for the risk of upper extremity joint injury. Eleven patients with spinal cord injury for the experimental group (G_E) and 27 healthy adults for the control group (G_C) participated in this study. Joint angles and electromyography were measured while subjects performed self-selected comfortable and fast-speed wheelchair propulsion. Ultrasound images were recorded before and after each propulsion task to measure the acromiohumeral distance (AHD). The range of motion of the shoulder (14.35 deg in G_E; 20.24 deg in G_C) and elbow (5.25 deg in G_E; 2.57 deg in G_C) joints were significantly decreased (p<0.001). Muscle activation levels of the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii increased at fast propulsion. Specifically, triceps brachii showed a significant increase in muscle activation at fast propulsion. AHD decreased at fast propulsion. Moreover, the AHD of G_E was already narrowed by about 60% compared to the G_C from the pre-tests. Increased load on wheelchair propulsion, such as fast propulsion, is considered to cause upper limb joint impingement and soft tissue injury due to overuse of the extensor muscles in a narrow joint space. It is expected that the results of this study can be a quantitative and objective basis for training and rehabilitation for manual wheelchair users to prevent joint pain and damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2021

Sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are normal anatomic variants with varying morphological appearances and incidences. They are usually small osseous fragments with well-corticated margins located adjacent to the joint space and bone. Patients with sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are usually asymptomatic and commonly encountered in clinical practice. These sesamoids and accessory bones are occasionally painful because of fractures, dislocations, degenerative changes, avascular necrosis, accessory bone infections, or abnormalities of the adjacent tissue, such as nerve entrapment, tenosynovitis, or soft tissue impingement. This article aimed to illustrate the imaging features of symptomatic sesamoids bones and accessory ossicles at various anatomic locations and describe their clinical features and radiological differential diagnosis.