• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2000

In an aqueous piperacillin sodium solution, a well-defined single wave or single peak was observed by direct current(DC) polarography or differential pulse polarography(DPP). The peak potential change per pH unit was -54 mV in the phosphate buffer at $18^{\circ}C$, which indicated that protons were involved in the electrochemical reduction of the 2,3-dioxopiperazine moiety of piperacillin sodium with a $H^{+}e^{-}$ ratio of one. Using a phosphate buffer of pH 4.3, the $1.0{times}10^{-7}$ M piperacillin sodium single peak could be determined by DPP with relative standard deviation of 1.6 %(n=3). Piperacillin sodium could be analyzed with-out interference from penicillin G-potassium, which enabled the employment of DPP as a fast and simple technique for monitoring the synthetic process of the antibiotic.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 1993

Effect of yohimbine, a specific antagonist for presynaptic adrenoceptor, on the renal action of clonidine, a specific presynaptic adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in dog. Clonidine, when given intravenously, produced diuretic action accompanied with augmentation of osmolar and free water clearance (Cosm and 4C_{H_2O}$), and elicited the increase of amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine ($E_{Na}\; and\; E_k$). These actions of clonidine were inhibited by yohimbine either injected intravenously or infused into a renal artery. Clonidine, when infused into a renal artery, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with decreased of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), and exhibited the reduced amounts of sodium and potassium in urine. These actions of clonidine injected into a renal artery were blocked by yohimbine administered either into vein or into a renal artery. Above results suggest that yohimbine block the renal action of clonidine only in central system, do not in kidney.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.7 no.1_4
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• pp.28-37
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• 1977

The pharmacological actions to methanol extract(PME) obtained from Plantaginis semen were examined in the rabbit. 1) PME, when administered into the vein of rabbit, produced the fall of blood pressure and stimulation of respiration. The former action was inhibited by atropine but the latter not affected by atropine. 2) PME caused contraction in both isolated intestinal and uterus strips, atropine blocked the contraction of intestinal strips while did not the uterus contraction. 3) PME decreased the heart rate of rabbit anesthetized with urethane. 4) PME elicited antidiuresis with doses ranging from 10mg/kg. The antidiuresis appeared to be related to the hemodynamic changes decreases in the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Urinary sodium and potassium decrease in the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Urinary sodium and potassium decrease in relation to the diminished filtration.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.258-261
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• 2006

The addition of zeolite particles enhances the stability of mRNA molecules in a cell-free protein synthesis system. When $20{\mu}g/{\mu}L$ of zeolite (Y5.4) is added to a reaction mixture of cell-free protein synthesis, a substantial increase in protein synthesis is observed. The stabilizing effect of zeolite is most dearly observed in an in vitro translation reaction directed by purified mRNA, as opposed to a coupled transcription and translation reaction. Upon the addition of zeolite in the in vitro translation reaction, the life span of the mRNA molecules is substantially extended, leading to an 80% increase in protein synthesis. The effect of zeolite upon the mRNA stability appears be strongly related to the cation exchange (potassium to sodium) reaction. Our results demonstrate the possibility of modifying this biological process using heterogeneous, non-biological substances in a cell-free protein synthesis system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 1993

This study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of antidiuretic action of diltiazem by infusion into the vein and carotid artery, of diuretic action into a renal artery in dog. Renal denervation caused a reversal of the effect of diltiazem from the antidiuretic to the diuretic when infused into vein or carotid artery, and potentiated the diuretic effect when infused into a renal artery. The changes of renal function in diuretic circumstances as described above included the increase in renal plasma flow, osmolar clearance, the amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine and the decrease in reabosrption rate of sodium and potassium in renal tubules. Above results suggest that antidiuretic action of diltiazem may be mediated by central nervous system, not by endogenous substance, diuretic action by direct renal action.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.743-745
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• 1996

Chemical components of bovine aqueous humor were analyzed. Significant levels of protein, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, calcium and electrolytes including sodium, potassium and chloride were detected. The composition of bovine aqueous humor is similar to that of cerebrospinal fluids, rather than that of plasma. It was also found that there is no significant difference in most components between aqueous humor of Korean native cattle and that of Holstein-Friesian cattle.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.165-166
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• 1996

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 1975

Polyporus would used as diuretics. Then, for the purpose of experimentally certifying the above mention, the effect on the renal function of dog was investigated, utilizing clearance technique. Water and alcohol extracts, when injected intravenously, produced significant increases of urinary sodium and potassium, osmolar and free water clearances, and urine flow, while glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow remained unchanged. During diuresis produced by furosemide, addition of water extract reduced the action of furosemide and markedly renal plasma flow. It would appear that these compounds are capable of action by a different mechanism or a different site. water extract, when infused directly into a renal artery, reduced the urine flow of experimental kidney as well as renal plasma flow, and the contralateral kidney exhibited diuresis, whereas amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine increased on both kidney. It is surmised from those observations that Polyporus induces diuresis by inhibition the reabsorptive mechanism of renal tubules through some endogeneous humoral substances, in addition, directly reduces the renal plasma flow.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1994

This study was conducted to find out the contents of salt in stored foods and urine of housewives. The contents of sodium in soy sauce, kochujang and kimchi was significantly higher in rural than urban area. The contents of potassium In soy sauce and kimchi was significantly higher in rural than urban area but that of soybean paste was significantly higher in urban than rural area. The level of NaCl in soy sauce, hochujang and kimchi was significantly higher in rural the urban area. The excretion amount of Na, K and NaCl in urine was significantly higher In rural than urban area. The between of blood pressure and the contents of Na in urine had a high correlation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to assess the antipsychotic and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia in mice and rats. The antipsychotic activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia (ERC) was evaluated by observing its effect on amphetamineinduced stereotyped behavior in mice. Effect of ERC was also studied on motor coordination and locomotion in mice. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea and excretion of sodium and potassium ions in the intestinal secretion in rats and gastrointestinal transit in mice. The ERC inhibited amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour, diminished locomotion and impaired motor coordination. ERC inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea, decreased both sodium and potassium excretion in the intestine and decreased gastrointestinal transit. Thus the present study confirms the anti-diarrhoeal activity of Rubia cordifolia. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential of Rubia cordifolia as an antipsychotic.