• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.639-657
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of individual differences in recognition of retirement responsibility on financial preparedness for retirement and to examine moderating effect of income-level on the relationships between the two variables, using the 7th Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS). Two research methods, descriptive analysis and hierarchical multiple logistic regression(HMLR) analysis, have been conducted. The total number of sample was 3,869 subjects with an average age of 58.9 years and 55.3% males. The results show that only 35.8% of the respondents make financial plans for retirement, and 64.2% did not. Main findings are as follows. First, 65% of respondents take a responsibility for financial preparedness for retirement, compared to 37% in European countries. Second, people with responsibility for their own retirement are more likely to have a financial preparation for retirement than people who think others(family, society, government) have to take a responsibility for retirement instead of them. Third, there is a significant moderating effect of income-level on relationships between recognition of retirement responsibility and financial preparedness for retirement. As income level decreases, the moderating effect reduces the positive effect of recognition of retirement responsibility on financial preparedness for retirement and vice versa. Fourth, as income level increases and educational level is higher, the tendency to prepare financially for retirement is also increasing. Low-income and low-educated people are less likely to have a financial preparation for retirement than their counterparts. The findings suggest that it is necessary to design an effective incentive scheme for financial preparedness for retirement for low-income and low-educated people and to develop various policies and services to encourage them to prepare financially for retirement.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-156
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• 2012

A lot of interest in the baby-boomer generation, those who were born after World War II, has emerged since their retirement has been accelerated. The retirement of baby-boomers has caused many health, public welfare, social policy and family relationship problems. However, their increased purchasing power has made them more attractive consumers than any other generation, and they have become a fascinating niche market in the depressed economy. This research selected middle-class women of the baby-boomer generation who have had powerful effects on society and have emerged as an attractive niche market, and attempted to understand their lives intensively. Based on research activities, the purpose of this research is to identify baby-boomer generation middle-aged women's life values. Qualitative research methodology was used to achieve research objectives, and this research aimed to suggest marketing implications to connected industries based on the research results. The research objectives are as follows. 1. understanding the lives of baby-boomer middle-class women who have powerful effects on socio-economic phenomena 2. identifying the life values of baby-boomer middle-class women 3. generating marketing implications based on an understanding of baby-boomer middle-class women's lives and life values This research conducted FGIs(focus group interviews), one of the qualitative research methodologies, to figure out baby-boomer middle-class women's life values intensively and selected 10 women living in Seoul for data collection. The qualitative data of collected FGIs were analyzed with spiral data analysis methodology proposed by Creswell(2007). The most effective factors to influence these middle-class women's lives powerfully were 'time' and 'independence'. Their consciousness of the importance of using time affects their life pattern generally, and their independence also impacts greatly on the way they exploit time and on their diverse relationships. They maximized their self-realization and showed long-term partnership with their surrounding circumstances because of those effective factors. Baby-boomer middle-class women's self-realization was divided into two areas. One was their outside activities and another was perfect management of their physical appearance and home interior. Like the results of this research, their need for social entrance will be reinforced more strongly since their internal and external activities aim for the achievement of self-realization. In addition, this research suggests that baby-boomer middle-class women's activities are connected with their management of their physical appearance and home interior decorations, and that such management is caused not only by a simple interest in fashion and beauty but also a profound desire for self-realization. On account of their consciousness, which is different from other generations, Korean baby-boomer middle-class women are able to maintain positive partnerships with their surrounding circumstances; however, they also show ambivalent emotions to retain effective partnerships. To overcome those stressful situations, they make greater efforts to keep up their health and youth, and also engage in diverse activities to maintain their mental health. Finally, they generate positive attitudes toward their economic situation and extra time to develop self-realization and pursue happy, youthful and healthy lives. Based on those results, this study suggests the following implications. First, industries targeting the baby-boomer generation should develop innovative products and services which help the baby-boomer generation maximize their efficiency of time since time is one of the most important factors powerfully impacting the baby-boomer generation. They will engage in various activities to fill up their extra time and consume helpful products and services. Second, such industries should supply the baby-boomer generation with opportunities which propose new ways of self-realization since this generation shows a great desire for self-realization because of their self-efficacy. With customized strategies of satisfying their needs, the baby-boomer generation would discover opportunities to utilize their abilities, relationships and aesthetic senses, and industries would develop a niche market. Third, market segmentations which target the baby-boomer generation's desire to maintain their physical appearance and home interior should be executed since such activities are the main strategies to develop this generation's self-realization. The baby-boomer generation's desire to study those areas would be expanded, and those education systems should produce innovative products and services targeting the baby-boomer generation. This implication also offers to government officials new policies related with the baby-boomer generation. This exploratory study utilized qualitative research methodology to understand baby-boomer middle-class women's lives, and proposed propositions and limitations for further researches. As for the limitations, first, it is hard to generalize the research results so that they may apply to all areas and economic classes of the baby-boomer generation since this research selected only 10 women living in Seoul for the data collection process. To overcome this limitation, extended data collections of subjects from diverse regions and economic classes should be designed. Second, quantitative research should be conducted to supplement the findings with validities. Third, this research focused on only general ideas of the baby-boomer generation's lives since the range of this study was focused on their overall lives. Therefore, intensive research related to specific areas of their lives should be conducted.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to confirm the feasibility of imaging of therapy region from the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using the measurement of the prompt gamma ray depending on the neutron flux. Through the Monte Carlo simulation, we performed the verification of physical phenomena from the BNCT; (1) the effects of neutron according to the existence of boron uptake region (BUR), (2) the internal and external measurement of prompt gamma ray dose, (3) the energy spectrum by the prompt gamma ray. All simulation results were deducted using the Monte Carlo n-particle extended (MCNPX, Ver.2.6.0, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA) simulation tool. The virtual water phantom, thermal neutron source, and BURs were simulated using the MCNPX. The energy of the thermal neutron source was defined as below 1 eV with 2,000,000 n/sec flux. The prompt gamma ray was measured with the direction of beam path in the water phantom. The detector material was defined as the lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (Lu0,6Y1,4Si0,5:Ce; LYSO) scintillator with lead shielding for the collimation. The BUR's height was 5 cm with the 28 frames (bin: 0.18 cm) for the dose calculation. The neutron flux was decreased dramatically at the shallow region of BUR. In addition, the dose of prompt gamma ray was confirmed at the 9 cm depth from water surface, which is the start point of the BUR. In the energy spectrum, the prompt gamma ray peak of the 478 keV was appeared clearly with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 41 keV (energy resolution: 8.5%). In conclusion, the therapy region can be monitored by the gamma camera and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using the measurement of the prompt gamma ray during the BNCT.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.83-90
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• 2018

Purpose - Journals of Korea Distribution Science Association (KODISA) made great efforts in responding to the constant shifts in academic paradigms and in producing synergetic effects among KODISA journals to achieve the goal of maintaining their status in the world's reputable scholarly journals. The aim of this study is to analyze the current practice and performance of KODISA journals and develop strategies that will continuously meet and respond to the changes and success in the future. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study, an analytical approach, which focuses on analyzing current and previous strategies, practices, and performances of the four major journals of KODISA and the association. The organizational structure, including election and terms of KODISA officers, new membership, and members of editorial board, is discussed and analyzed. The citation, submission, publication, and rejection rates of all four journals are examined, and the progress, including the status of indexing of each journal, is discussed. Results - The analysis indicates that KODISA has significantly invested its resources into improving its journals and attracting new members. The analysis also shows the strategy of the organizational structure, which includes election and terms of officers and editorial board members that implemented over the years, was successful. Both Journal of Distribution Science (JDS) and Journal of Finance, Economics, and Business (JAFEB) are indexed in SCOPUS, with East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM) in the final stage of the SCOPUS indexing evaluation, and International Journal of Industrial Distribution and Business (IJIDB) will complete and submit their indexing evaluation materials to SCOPUS this summer. Conclusions - The success and progress of KODISA and its journals clearly support the need for continuous development, analysis, revision, and implementation of strategies. Based on the analysis, conducting the annual performance reviews of the association and its journals and planning and strategizing based on the reviews since 2011 have greatly contributed to the overall success. In terms of meeting the short term strategy, KODISA has to continue developing relationships with relevant and appropriate scholarly/academic associations to expand the scope of its business, establishing independence of each journal and its respective procedures and practices and improving the quality of the journals and their publications through KODISA's international conferences.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

Purpose: In this study, the diameter of each implant driver was measured and compared to find out the compatibility of implant drivers. Materials and methods: Drivers from 12 implant systems being used in Dankook University Dental Hospital were included in this study. The shapes of the implant drivers were segregated, and the effective length and the diameter of upper, middle, lower part of driver tips were measured (n=10). The measured data were mathematically analyzed for its compatibility. Results: A driver with the smallest diameter (1.17 mm) had the highest compatibility at the upper part of driver tip. This driver could be used for a bigger driver up to 1.35 mm in diameter. There were several driver groups which had the same diameter so as to be interchangeable each other. In the middle part, the smallest diameter measured was 1.2 mm and this was able to replace a driver up to 1.40 mm diameter. Since the diameter generally became thicker from upper part (the tip of driver) to the lower part (the shank of driver), some drivers with bigger diameter at the upper part so which was failed to show any compatibility became compatible with a driver which had smaller diameter at the upper part but wider in the middle part. The compatibility of torx shape drivers were affected by the inner diameter of the drivers not only by the outer diameter. Furthermore, the inner diameter of torx drivers decided the compatibility between torx and hex drivers. Conclusion: From the study it was found that compatibility in drivers existed among certain implant systems and to check its compatibility the diameter at a certain effective length should be measured. However, there has been not enough studies about long-term use of compatible drivers, so effects of using compatible drivers on drivers and implants are unknown. Therefore, usage in inevitable cases only is recommended and further study is needed.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2007

The purpose of the study was to improve the efficiency of Breath & Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) of Stroke Patients Using Record Playing Focused on Breath Training. The Training of Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) is focused on trunk muscles reinforce for Breathing. So the study tried to play Recorder for reinforcing FVC. The play included the two parts. One was for solo play, the other was play in concert base on solo play using Korea country song, Arirang. The Recorder play used abdominal breath, Pursed-lip & Paced methods. The course of play included Long Tone, Staccato, Crescendo, Decrescendo and throughout the course we tried to improve the efficiency & Quantity of breathe. Experiment performed at Social welfare institute for the old. They played & checked FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$ before & after breathe 19 times for 6 weeks using Spirovit SP-1, Schiller. After experiment we performed statical process(p<0.05) using statical Package software. The findings were as follows: Analysis for Experiment showed the numerical Value of increasing Of FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$. Increasing Percentage of Measured/Predicted FVC, $FEV_1$ (or calculated based on theory) ration was 25%, 13% and Quantity of FVC, $FEV_1$ 35%, 40%. Also $FEV_1/FVC$ Ratio(showed efficiency of breathe) raised 13%. And experiment data was confirmed by statical process. The experiment data was valuable under p<0.05. In Conclusion we think the results of experiment showed the efficiency of Music therapy for Breathe(FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$) reinforce.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.209-218
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to longitudinally analyze the relationship between parenting effectiveness of parents of multicultural families and self-esteem and achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents. The study used the data of Multi-cultural Adolescent Panel Survey (MAPS). Of the six years of data from the 1st survey (elementary grade 4 students) in 2011 to the 6th survey ($3^{rd}$ year middle school students) in 2016, this study employed and analyzed the data from year 2012 ($2^{nd}$ survey, fifth graders), year 2014 ($4^{th}$ survey, 1st year middle school students), and year 2016 ($6^{th}$ survey, $3^{rd}$ year middle school students). The results of applying the Autoregressive Cross-lagged Model to examine the longitudinal relationship between parenting effectiveness of multicultural families and self-esteem and achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents are as follows. First, parenting effectiveness of parents of multicultural families, and self-esteem of multicultural adolescents, and autoregressive effects of achievement motivation were found to have a positive (+) effect with the passage of time. Second, the parenting effectiveness of parents of multicultural families at the previous time was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on the cross-lagged effect on self-esteem and achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents at a later time. Third, the self-esteem of multicultural adolescents at the previous time at the previous time was found to have a significant effect in the positive (+) direction on the cross-lagged effect affecting achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents at a later time. Fourth, it was found that the cross-lagged effect of the parenting effectiveness of parents of multicultural families on achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents was greater than the cross-lagged effect of self-esteem on achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents. This study is meaningful in that the longitudinal data are used to verify the causal orientation between three variables over time to examine the relationship between parenting effectiveness of parents of multicultural families and self-esteem and achievement motivation of multicultural adolescents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the influence of family characteristics on the work-life balance of early adolescents. A series of data analyses was conducted on adolescents' use of time in daily life on the basis of 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018). We found that the work-life balance of youth is related to their parents' health status, presence of older siblings, household income, parenting attitude, parent-child communication time, and mother's occupation. The work-life balance of the fifth graders is more likely to be influenced by family characteristics compared with that of the eighth graders. In particular, the fifth graders' sleep deprivation is affected by the mother's occupation, but there is no significant effect on the eighth graders' sleep deprivation. An important factor in skipping breakfast is household income, with adolescents from low-income families tending to skip breakfast more than five days a week. In addition, parents' health status and parenting attitude are significantly related to skipping of breakfast in early adolescents. Household income is related to the after-school private tutoring hours of both the fifth and eighth graders; however, parenting attitude and mother's occupation are also significant influencing factors of the fifth graders' after-school study. Mother's occupation is related to excessive cell phone use; specifically, the fifth graders whose mothers work white-collar jobs, sales and services or manufacturing are more likely to play with cell phones more than three hours a day than those whose mothers are full-time housewives. These results suggest that the work-life balance policies targeted at the family characteristics of adolescents can improve family environments in a manner that enhances adolescents' life balance, thus supporting the well-being of early adolescents and their families.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2021

Objectives : Dementia is one of the most distressing mental health problems in the older population. Caregivers also experienced physical, psychological, and emotional stress from taking care of dementia patients. So, we developed program for supporting dementia caregiver and evaluated its efficacy on reducing caregiver burden. Methods : We provided 5 sessions of dementia caregiver supporting program to 30 caregivers who were taking care of dementia patient in their home. Program was held in Cheonan Center for Alzheimer's disease and other dementia that was established by Cheonan city government for supporting dementia patients and their caregivers. We evaluated caregiver burden using short Zarit burden inventory consisted of 12 items scoring 0 (no burden) to 4 (everyday burden) before and after program. We evaluated satisfaction of caregiver about program using satisfaction survey consisted of 10 items scoring 0 (very dissatisfy) to 4 (very satisfy) after program. Results : Mean age of caregiver was 61.9. 40.0% (n=12) of caregivers were spouse. 53.3% (n=16) of caregivers were son or daughter. Caregiver burden that was estimated by short Zarit burden inventory were significantly decreased after program (p<0.001). When each item was compared, 4 items (7, 10, 11 and 12) were significantly decreased after program (p=0.036, p=0.018, p=0.01, p=0.024). All mean scores of 10 items about satisfaction were over 3 meaning that participants generally satisfied to program. Conclusions : Our study suggested that dementia caregiver supporting program could reduce caregiver burden and provide satisfaction. Therefore, programs for supporting dementia caregivers might be important as well as treating dementia patients. So, we should be interested in developing and providing efficiently this kind of program to reduce caregiver burden.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.118-130
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• 2024

Rehabilitation of mining areas can reduce damage to ecosystems. However, the effects of rehabilitation on ecosystem services (ESs) and its contribution to local communities are not well known. Thus, the aims of this study were to clearly identify the ES beneficiaries affected by mining activities, to determine how the beneficiaries profit from surrounding areas in cooperation with local stakeholders, and to manage the rehabilitation areas for the ESs that the beneficiaries want. This study chose 18 ESs (4 provisioning, 7 regulating, 5 cultural, and 2 habitat services) based on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. A semi-structured questionnaire survey using an 11-point Likert scale was conducted among 87 community residents to investigate social awareness and identify key ESs. The survey results from two local communities showed high awareness and demands mainly on cultural (mental and physical health, aesthetic appreciation, and recreation) and regulating services (local climate and air quality, and moderation of extreme events). These services were related to the daily lives of residents in local communities, provided positive benefits, and potentially improved the residents' future livelihoods. However, the average questionnaire scores were limited to 6-7 points, indicating that the benefits to local communities were meager. The residents' awareness of provisioning service was negative, even if it provided goods and profit opportunities. This indicated a disconnection between local communities and provisioning services due to forest rehabilitation that did not consider local communities that traditionally relied on specific provisioning services before the onset of mining activities. Future forest rehabilitation in abandoned mine areas must consider the welfare of local communities for sustainable use of rehabilitated forests and enhancing ESs. In this study, only a qualitative evaluation based on frequency analyses was conducted. The quantification and valuation of key ESs are warranted in the future to promote ESs from forest rehabilitation in abandoned mine areas. The study results would be useful for developing site-specific ES promotion strategies for reforesting mine areas.