• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-42
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• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 1997

Due mainly to the complexity of educational system, it is difficult to comprehend the phenomena and nature of the science education. Educators have developed various kinds of means and methods useful for easy understanding of the phenomena and nature. This study added another method supporting that the phenomena and nature of the science education should be understood in the context of educational system. System approach into thought is holistic and contextual in nature. It focuses on both the whole and its relevant parts, and is concerned with environmental context. By its definition, a system interact not only with another system but also with its environments. The purpose of this study was to answer such questions as "What is the science education?", or "What is the meaning of the science education?", "Why do we teach science?", "Why are we ought to teach science?", and "How do we know that those facts and methods are valid?" The results for the study are as follows: 1. Science education is the human behavior with the purpose to attain something through science and education. It is socio-cultural process, social and organizational activity into which the public deeply involved. The process and activity are usually undergirded upon the value of science education. 2. The science education system is analyzed in the light of the legislative institution. The system model that characterize of the system and the interrelationship among the systems is suggested in terms of the conceptions of boundary, components, variables, parameters and linkage, etc. Then, the science education system is divided into the plan-system, do-system and see-system by the use of the criterion of plan-do-see that is the general process of human activity. The study also identified that the system of science education is consisted of the aspects of science education administration, school science education, and science education evaluation. 3. As the frame of thought on the contextuality in the science education system, the contexts of meaning, organization, legislation and policy were presented, along with the main cognitive interest, the system, the orientation, and the premise of each context which were used to explain the reasons. The results of this study suggested a new approach into the comprehension of the educational phenomena in teaching science and the possibility of understanding science education as a whole.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1503-1521
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• 2015

Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is used to model of market and social phenomena by utilizing agents' fine-grained behaviors and interactions that cannot be implemented in a conventional simulation. However, ABMS represents irrational agents and hinders the achievement of individual or overall goals since ABMS is based on agent-based software, which follows the principle of rationality at the knowledge level [1]. This problem was solved in the agent-based software engineering (ABSE) field by using behavior laws for the social level [2]. However, they still do not propose the specific development methodology for how to develop the social level in a systematic way. Therefore, in order to propose agent-based modeling and simulation methods that reflect the behavior laws of social level characteristics, our study used the Tropos that can combine ABSE and social behavior laws for the presentation of concrete tasks and deliverables for each development step by step. In addition, the proposed method will be specified through experiments with specific application examples and case studies on the self-adaptive smart grid and the military domain system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.443-475
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• 2010

Despite the rapidly increased concern on the circularity of the program development activities in the social service agencies, there are only a few studies about the phenomena. This study is to describe the characteristics of program development in the process of adopting, developing, and disseminating the social programs and to figure out the factors influencing differences in the 3 activities in social service agencies. The researchers constructed an explanative model including each 12-13 independent variables with 3 consecutive dependent variables on the basis of reviewing the related literatures. A multiple regression analysis was applied to predict the features of the program development using 195 questionaries responded from social workers in community service centers. As the result of the descriptive analysis, the two noticeable features are found; (1) the agencies have very actively adopted outside programs, developed appropriate programs for the agency, and disseminated the programs into other agencies in the community. (2) there are some positive aspects of the factors in related to the process of the program development. The results of the regression analysis show that the three dependent variables of the adoption, development, and dissemination are very closely interconnected with each others, showing the evidence of the circularity in the agencies. In addition, the 5 independent variables at the value of p .01 are statistically related with the circularity of the three dependent activities. The implication of major findings were discussed in academic and practical perspectives in Korea, including future research works in the area.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.39-69
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• 2012

With the advent of communication technologies including electronic collaborative tools and conferencing systems provided over the Internet, virtual collaboration is becoming increasingly common in organizations. Virtual collaboration refers to an environment in which the people working together are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, are geographically dispersed, and rely on mediated rather than face-to face, communication to produce an outcome. Research suggests that new sets of individual skill, knowledge, and ability (SKAs) are required to perform effectively in today's virtualized workplace, which is labeled as individual virtual competence. It is also argued that use of online social networking sites may influence not only individuals' daily lives but also their capability to manage their work-related relationships in organizations, which in turn leads to better performance. The existing research regarding (1) the relationship between virtual competence and task performance and (2) the relationship between online networking and task performance has been conducted based on different theoretical perspectives so that little is known about how online social networking and virtual competence interplay to predict individuals' task performance. To fill this gap, this study raises the following research questions: (1) What is the individual virtual competence required for better adjustment to the virtual collaboration environment? (2) How does online networking via diverse social network service sites influence individuals' task performance in organizations? (3) How do the joint effects of individual virtual competence and online networking influence task performance? To address these research questions, we first draw on the prior literature and derive four dimensions of individual virtual competence that are related with an individual's self-concept, knowledge and ability. Computer self-efficacy is defined as the extent to which an individual beliefs in his or her ability to use computer technology broadly. Remotework self-efficacy is defined as the extent to which an individual beliefs in his or her ability to work and perform joint tasks with others in virtual settings. Virtual media skill is defined as the degree of confidence of individuals to function in their work role without face-to-face interactions. Virtual social skill is an individual's skill level in using technologies to communicate in virtual settings to their full potential. It should be noted that the concept of virtual social skill is different from the self-efficacy and captures an individual's cognition-based ability to build social relationships with others in virtual settings. Next, we discuss how online networking influences both individual virtual competence and task performance based on the social network theory and the social learning theory. We argue that online networking may enhance individuals' capability in expanding their social networks with low costs. We also argue that online networking may enable individuals to learn the necessary skills regarding how they use technological functions, communicate with others, and share information and make social relations using the technical functions provided by electronic media, consequently increasing individual virtual competence. To examine the relationships among online networking, virtual competence, and task performance, we developed research models (the mediation, interaction, and additive models, respectively) by integrating the social network theory and the social learning theory. Using data from 112 employees of a virtualized company, we tested the proposed research models. The results of analysis partly support the mediation model in that online social networking positively influences individuals' computer self-efficacy, virtual social skill, and virtual media skill, which are key predictors of individuals' task performance. Furthermore, the results of the analysis partly support the interaction model in that the level of remotework self-efficacy moderates the relationship between online social networking and task performance. The results paint a picture of people adjusting to virtual collaboration that constrains and enables their task performance. This study contributes to research and practice. First, we suggest a shift of research focus to the individual level when examining virtual phenomena and theorize that online social networking can enhance individual virtual competence in some aspects. Second, we replicate and advance the prior competence literature by linking each component of virtual competence and objective task performance. The results of this study provide useful insights into how human resource responsibilities assess employees' weakness and strength when they organize virtualized groups or projects. Furthermore, it provides managers with insights into the kinds of development or training programs that they can engage in with their employees to advance their ability to undertake virtual work.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-83
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• 2023

The social venture start-up phenomenon is found from the perspectives of social enterprise and for-profit enterprise. This study aims to fundamentally explore the start-up phenomenon of social ventures from these two perspectives. Considering the lack of prior research that researched both social and commercial perspectives at the same time, this paper analyzed using grounded theory approach of Strauss & Corbin(1998), an inductive research method that analyzes based on prior research and interview data. In order to collect data for this study, eight corporate representatives currently operating social ventures were interviewed and data and phenomena were analyzed. This progressed to a theoretical saturation where no additional information was derived. The analysis results of this study using the grounded theory approach are as follows. As a result of open coding and axial coding, 147 concepts and 70 subcategories were derived, and 18 categories were derived through the final abstraction process. In the selective coding, 'expansion of social venture entry in the social domain' and 'expansion of social function of for-profit companies' were selected as key categories, and a story line was formed around this. In this study, we saw that it is necessary to conduct academic research and analysis on the competitive factors required for companies that pursue the values of two conflicting relationships, such as social ventures, to survive with competitiveness. In practice, concepts such as collaboration with for-profit companies, value combination, entrepreneurship competency and performance improvement, social value execution competency reinforcement, communication strategy, for-profit enterprise value investment, and entrepreneur management competency were derived. This study explains the social venture phenomenon for social enterprises, commercial enterprises, and entrepreneurs who want to enter the social venture field. It is expected to provide the implications necessary for successful social venture startups.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.124-134
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• 2011

The space has been interpreted from various perspectives, such as hierarchical, cultural, economic, political factors, etc. So we can see the space as a social existence. Space is now being formed through the dialectical relations of these elements. From this point of view, this study started to research the spatial practice of morden people through the case in the early 20th century film. With the discourse of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, and Michel de Certeau's theory, this research tried to find the mechanisms of spatial practice. Also Benjamin is a philosopher who intervenes the relationship between modernity and cultural production and his way of reading cultural phenomena seems to serve as the useful methodology of cultural studies. Modern people were individual unawared of the era, awakened to the ego. They were wandering the room and the street, private and public places. They were city dwellers walking around, collecting goods, and living of everyday life. Spatial practice is a fixed activity and have continuity. spatial practice appeared in the early 20th century film is at the intersection of social practices and the practice of everyday life. Social practices are a fixed practice and continuous practice. The practices of everyday life are nomadic practice and amusable practice. Modern people accommodate and adapt to a given space of the city through fixed practice. They realizes the access and the distance from spaces through continuous practice. They select and approved the spaces through nomadic practice. And they possess exclusively and utilize the spaces through amusable practice. Through These research spatial practices, it could easily found similarities and differences between modern space on the early 20th century and contemporary space of 21st century. True modern is not the past but the present.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.133-156
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• 2011

This study used the qualitative research for deeply interviewing Chinese-Koreans who live and work in Dearim-dong area, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, collectively. The variation of recognition to the local community at the migration early and the present and their response for overcoming their pending issues are studied through this, To understand the reality and conflict they encounter, the effort for overcoming the pending issues, the inner change of their own community, their fixed direction and so on becomes the core variables for integrating them to our society. They have formed the enormous cluster and have been already developed as the minority group. They are doing 'the struggle for recognition' for being recognized from the dominant group and trying to approach the politics for overcoming the inferiority of power. Accordingly, the intervention of social welfare to this minority group should be a more active working to protect the fragmentation of our society which can be resulted from the increasing influx of the foreigners and be also an approach to mutual enlightenment for making our society adapt to the phenomena of multi-nations and multi-cultures and for accepting them as the population.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2017

Urbanization, industrialization, and informatization raised quality of life in modern society. However, many people face with social maladjustment phenomena of human alienation and loss of true self due to mechanization, competition and stress. To alleviate the social maladjustment, people should look for their true self and the self. Drinking tea may play an important role in bringing your true self and the self and be a vehicle for them to meet in daily life. Therefore, this study uses the standard web protocol technology to popularize the True Self Tea Ceremony which helps to enhance true self and self-respect. The True Self Tea Ceremony uses the basic utensils. The paper proposes the popularization of the True Self Tea Ceremony using the standard web protocol technology. Using the standard web protocol technology enhances the accessibility of users.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.237-263
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• 2006

The recent domestic violence research has emphasized an integrated approach to wife battering and child abuse to overcome separated understanding and problem-solving alternatives of the two phenomena in the past. This phenomenological study is designed to understand struggles and dilemmas of battered women and their children related to their surviving and coping with domestic violence in a mother-child relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten battered women who have children and reside in shelters in Seoul and Anyang, and were analyzed by Atlas.ti(a qualitative software program) to maximize the efficiency of data analysis. Domestic violence can be transformed into and integrated with child abuse anytime, so battered women and their children share their crises and challenges related to motherliness and filial love. However, the mutual, existential meaning embedded in the mother-child relationship can be the most important sources to mobilize their life energy and resilience in their copping efforts. The social work interventions for battered women and their children should be integrated with a premise of deep understanding of the complex realities of domestic violence victims.