• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study has main purpose to understand the traditional house, not by outside researcher's but by inside dweller's view. The house in Geochang, is descendent house of Jeong-On who was faithful scholar at Chosen Dynasty. In order to understand, I restore firstly the house form and space at traditional era, 60 years ago, and every dwellers not only family members but also servants and guests, by interviewing old matriarch. One of the main rules of the house disposition is Ancester worshipping life. Worshipping floor of Anchae, main building, is located unusually in front of Shrine for Jeong-On, in order to connect all activities directly. Sarangchae, men's building, opened to the funeral mourners, is separated by a wall because women have to serve foods and wail at the backside. Space for everyday life is separated by man/woman, insider/outsider, master/subordinate. Agricultural production is also key factor of the space allocation: big storage buildings for rice crop needed to tenant farming. Both activities of ancestor worship ceremony and guest greeting need large kitchen annex area for food preparation and serving space of rear veranda floor. A number of guests visit the house: guest-greeting activity is taken place from the family pavilion, Neungheo-Jeong and Saranchae by the social position. This study show that architectural space and form of the house reflects exactly dwellers life.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.533-548
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• 2014

The Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs developed a program called "Core Action Massages for Green Dietary Life" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and improve health. This study examines the degree of perceptions and practices with respect to these massages by considering a sample of 245 homemakers in Ulsan, Korea. The questionnaire consisted of questions about perceptions and practices of Core Action Massage and its three parts of detailed massages: , , . The data were analyzed with cross tabulation analysis, Tukey analysis after ANOVA. The score of agreement to Core Action Massage was 4.57(range 1-5). The score of perception about showed significant differences in age(p<0.01) and income(p<0.05). The score of perception about and showed significant differences in age(p<0.05). The score of practicing showed significant differences in age(0.001), education(0.01), housing style(p<0.01), and region(0.01). The score of practicing showed significant differences in age(p<0.001), education(0.05), and region(0.05). The frequency of practices for was low. As to the results of the study, education on green dietary life must be provided to homemakers, especially young homemakers. Opportunities to experience of farming to appreciate others' efforts to obtain food should also be provided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.968-975
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• 2018

Thailand is a country of native beef cattle resource farming. It has undergone rapid social and economic change in the past decade. Agricultural growth has been maintained by increasing the production of rice and cassava. Changing economic status also provides opportunities for beef cattle producers to meet increasing consumer demand for beef. Finishing beef cattle numbers in Thailand were about 1.0 M head in 2015. Beef produced in Thailand has exclusively been for domestic consumption. Only 1% of Thailand's beef cattle are for the premium market which is based on marbling score, 40% are sold into modern markets that consider muscling of cattle, and the remainder enter traditional markets. Cross-bred cattle for the premium market are raised within intensive systems. Most producers of premium beef are members of beef cooperatives, or have invested in their enterprises at high levels. Culled cow (native or cross-bred cattle) are mainly for small holder farm production. Malaysia, Indonesia, and other members of the Asian Economic Community (AEC) are set to become the largest beef market, which has been confirmed by 2015 through 2020 forecasts for consumption of beef that must increasingly be halal. These circumstances are likely to be challenging for beef producers in Thailand to gain a share of this market. Integration across all sectors involved in beef production in Thailand will be required.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.471-475
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• 2016

Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the common food pathogens which may cause gastroenteritidis in human and animals. The microorganism also causes the economic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of a powder disinfectant containing phosphate compounds as a main ingredient, was evaluated against S. Typhimurium. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The disinfectant and test bacteria were diluted with hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On HW and OM conditions, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against S. Typhimurium was 4- and 2-fold dilutions, respectively. As the disinfectant composed to phosphate compounds possesses bactericidal efficacy against pathogenic bacteria such as S. Typhimurium, the powder disinfectant can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1300-1304
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• 2008

The fact that soil loss causing to increase muddy water and devastate an ecosystem has been appearing upon a hot social and environmental issues which should be solved. Soil losses are occurring in most agricultural areas with rainfall-induced runoff. It makes hydraulic structure unstable, causing environmental and economical problems because muddy water destroys ecosystem and causes intake water deterioration. One of three severe muddy water source areas in Soyanggang-dam watershed is Jawoon-ri region, located in Hongcheon county. In this area, many cash-crops are planted at illegally cultivated agricultural fields, which were virgin forest areas. The purpose of this study is to estimate soil loss with current land uses (including illegal cash-crop cultivation) and soil loss reduction with land use conversion from illegal cultivation back to forest. In this study, the Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) ArcView GIS system was utilized to assess soil erosion. If the illegally cultivated agricultural areas are converted back to forest, it is expected to 17.42% reduction in soil loss. At the Jawoon-ri region, illegally cultivated agricultural areas located at over 30% and 15% slopes take 47.48 ha (30.83%) and 103.64 ha (67.29%) of illegally cultivated agricultural fields respectively. If all illegally cultivated agricultural fields are converted back to forest, it is expected that 17.41% of soil erosion and sediment reduction, 10.86% reduction with forest conversion from 30% sloping illegally agricultural fields, and 16.15% reduction with forest conversion from 15% sloping illegally agricultural fields. Therefore, illegally cultivated agricultural fields located at these sloping areas need to be first converted back to forest to maximize reductions in soil loss reduction and muddy water outflow from the Jawoon-ri regions.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.271-288
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• 2019

It has continuously promoted to scale up the agricultural management body in order to cope with the market-opening pressure such as the UR negotiation, the DDA negotiation, and more conclusions of FTAs and to enhance the competitiveness of our agriculture. This study evaluated the factors associated with production organization participation centered on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in order to improve the production efficiency of environmentally-friendly agriculture in the aspect of production. In order to achieve this objective, this study evaluated the factors that contributed to participating in an organization using the bivariate probit model focusing on environmentally-friendly agriculture farmers in Chungnam. This study examined the validity and reliability of the study model through exploratory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses identified four factors: "distribution", "production", "organization operation", and "social capital". The results of the bivariate probit model showed that distribution significantly affected production activities and distribution, organization operation, agricultural income, and gender significantly influenced sale activities. Environmentally-friendly production organization had not been able to provide the productive support that was needed for local farmers to produce environmentally-friendly agricultural products in a region. Additionally, farming education did not provide the information needed by the farmers. Although producers had a network within a production organization, it was operated mainly for administrators. Therefore, participants felt somewhat lacking. This study identified the level of organization of producer organizations in Chungnam area, where environmentally-friendly agriculture is well activated. This study suggested implications for future production organization participation by evaluating factors affecting participation quantitatively.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were: a) to analyze the upbringing policy for woman farmers in Korea, b) to find out the needs for the policy related to women's roles in decision making of farming activities, and c) to promote the programs in agricultural system for supporting rural women according to their role types and needs. This study was based on a literature review and discussions with the panel of experts witness and professionals including rural women. The major findings and conclusions from this study were as follows: 1 ) First of all, the policy for upbringing woman farmers had been improved. however, policy measures were still inadequate and were plenty of room for development. 2) Government policies were not focussed directly to meet the actual needs of rural women according to their various roles. 3) More government efforts should be enhanced to modify the policy and social system for rural women, and should be organized into the practical programs after careful considerations on the status of woman farmers according to their role types. 4) The five-year upbringing plan for woman farmers should be expanded to include strengthening economic power, widening woman farmers' influence. development of intellectual capacity and strengthening of self-enlightenment better health care and welfare services. and providing equal opportunities for women farmers.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.699-727
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• 2012

Conditions of farm crop switching are affected by several important external factors such as agricultural products import opening, policy support, and climate change. Farming environment is always changing; barriers to imports are becoming lower and lower because of FTA and others, and climate change affects a boundary line of cultivation. Those situations give farmers motivation to change crops in order to cope with them. In addition, crop switching has been done in response to the local government measures about purchase of local agricultural products according to the local food and the expansion of organic agricultural products in school meal. Even though the favorable environment toward crop switching has been created, there are not many researches or outcomes regarding crop switching. Only few studies focus on the list of decision-making in crop switching, and locally suitable crop selection is not treated. In order to utilize crop switching as a farm management strategy, the proper frame should be studied and practical researches on application possibility also need. Therefore, study on crop switching is in a timely, proactive manner because farms catch the chance of expansion of school meal by changing crops. This paper applies HERO model used for venture foundation process to crop switching process. Success factors of HERO model are comprised of Habitate, Entrepreneurship, Resource, and Opportunity, and these phased application factors are applied to crop switching process. By doing so, each phase success factor of crop switching can be uncovered. Three farm organizations supplying organic agricultural products to schools are studied in Gyeonggi province. As a result, the stabilization stage cannot be achieved because of the habitate conditions and social conditions with low risk bearing of crop switching and current school meal systems are the main problems to block the diversification of risks. In order to succeed in crop switching, constructing the habitate in local districts or in systems of school meal is more effective than supporting each farm.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.285-298
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the employment characteristics of the elderly over 65 years old and to compare those that have experienced no job change in the last 10 years with another group that have experienced job change at least once in the last 10 years. From the 10th wave data(KLIP), participants who were over 65 years old were chosen and their employment status for the last 10 years was reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: first, the analysis of demographic profiles indicated that householders and elderly couples with low education levels and low socioeconomic status were more likely to be employed compared to others. Second, in terms of work-related characteristics, it was revealed that the elderly who were employed tended to be non-paid workers, employers, and self-employed workers, primarily in the farming, fishing, forestry, and the mining industries, these were the elderly workers who had experienced job change three times or more in the last 10 years. Third, the analysis of economic characteristics indicated that elderly who were employed tended to rely more on private income transfers. Last, when the elderly who had experienced no job change in the last 10 years were compared to the elderly who had experienced job change in the last 10 years, the two groups differed significantly in terms of employment status, type of business, and occupation category.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

As longevity of human-beings is extended and the population of aged people increases, diverse issues related with the aged people are presented. The neighborhood space for the aged people is required to be designed based upon the understanding of such difficulties of the elderly and the public outdoor environment is an important environmental resource that can enhance the quality of life and promote the health of the elderly in underprivileged area without burdening them economically. This study aims to research the daily life of the elderly in underprivileged urban area and their utilization styles of outdoor environments in order to find out the push factors and pull factors that induce the aged people to use the outdoor environments. For this purpose, this study carried out an interview survey upon 69 elderly residents and surveyed on 363 elderly residents of low income class who are aged 60 and over and living in decaying area in Jeonju. For the analysis of the collected data, a qualitative and a quantitative analysis were accomplished. As results of study, the elderly in underprivileged area use such outdoor environments as resting facilities, exercise equipment, parks, farming gardens and waterfronts, and the push factors for them to use the outdoor environments were sordid indoor spaces, sense of isolation or loneliness, and the desire for maintaining good health. And the pull factors for them to use the outdoor environments were natural factors, opportunities for social interactions, space for exercise. The obstacles that hinder the elderly in using outdoor environments were the bad health of the elderly, lack of facilities, accessibility and weather conditions. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide basic data for designing the outdoor environments to promote the health of the elderly in urban underprivileged area and to relieve the burdensome problems related with ageing societies.