• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

For many years, many academics and practitioners have paid attention to the increasing popularity of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its relationship with financial performance. They have shown that creating social and sustainable responsibility can strengthen the organization's financial performance as the organization can achieve its current needs without compromising the ability to meet future needs. While much theoretical and empirical evidence has been provided to support this argument in developed countries, this topic is under-researched, and the outcomes are controversial in developing countries. Therefore, this paper aims to examine and investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Vietnamese organizations. The dataset includes 27 firms listed on the stock market exchanges in Ho Chi Minh city (HOSE) and Hanoi (HNX) from 2015 to 2019. The disclosure approach is adopted to measure corporate social activities; four areas were developed: environment, community, employee and product, customer, and supplier practices. Return on average equity (ROE) and return on average assets (ROA) are two proxies for measuring financial performance. The research results confirm the existing literature with a strong correlation between employees and returns on average assets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.525-532
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• 2021

The study investigates the mediating effect of Korean firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the relationship between Korean executives' religiosity, their individual social responsibility (ISR), and corporate financial performance (CFP). As executives lead the firms' strategies and policies, their religiosity or ISR may have a significant influence in attaining the firm's CSR and influencing CFP. The upper echelon theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory are used to explain the link between individual-level drivers of CSR, a firm's CSR, and CFP. The upper echelon theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory are integrated into the conceptual model, which explains the relationships between proposed constructs in this study. This study employs survey data of 421 Korean companies. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The main result shows that Korean executives' religiosity and their ISR positively influence CFP when mediated by CSR. The findings of this study suggest that Korean executives' personal values such as their religiosity and ISR can impact the firm's CSR activities or financial performance. Overall, this paper responds to the recent calls in the CSR literature to examine the individual-level drivers from non-western contexts by shedding more light on the Korean context.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

In the past four decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues have grown substantially due to the increasing demand for transparency and growing expectations that corporations should manage and improve their social, environmental, and economic performance. As a result, most organizations, companies, and governments provide CSR reports, while a large number of companies are still engaged in defining and integrating CSR into several aspects of their business. CSR is an obligation to society (Lee, 2020). The linkage between CSR and consumer-company identification (CCI) is important under company stakeholders. Consumers who care about those issues often change their shopping habits to bring greater value to the community. They will avoid buying environmentally or socially harmful products, and actively seek the products and services of the companies that carry out social responsibility. Companies conducting CSR activities such as charity works or environmental activities will be easy to associate as a responsible organization for always meeting the necessity of society. Therefore, companies must consider CSR a long-term strategy. The strategic approach to CSR plays an increasingly significant part in the business competitiveness - which helps create companies' values while gains trust and respect from the consumers, partners in particular, and the social community in general. This study is conducted to show evidence from project-based organizations about the CSR factors that influence consumer loyalty and the impact level of those factors on customer loyalty.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Purpose: Strategic management scholars have investigated the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm financial performance, identifying various impacts of CSR activities showing conflicting results. Meanwhile, relatively less attention has been paid to the antecedents of CSR activities. According to upper echelons theory, organizational outcomes are predicted by characteristics of CEOs and top management team members. Corporate social responsibility is a type of organizational outcome influenced by such top leader characteristics and choices. Recognizing the importance of exploring new antecedents of CSR activities, I examine whether CEO humility affects CSR outcomes. Research design, data and methodology: The KEJI index was set as a dependent variable to measure CSR activities. Among the 200 sample companies registered in the KEJI database in 2014, 85 companies were finally selected and analyzed to measure CEO humility, as independent variable. I also examine the moderating effects of firm slack on the relationship between CEO humility and CSR activities. Results: There is a positive relationship between CEO humility and corporate social responsibility activities and this relationship is negatively moderated by firm slack. Conclusions: This paper contributes to understanding positive impacts of having humble CEOs on corporate social responsibility outcomes and recognizes the role of firm slack.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2022

The study highlights the features and trends of digital marketing for international business. To achieve these goals, the authors used a systematic approach that allows a comprehensive approach to the object of study, as well as used general and specific methods of scientific knowledge on the application of digital marketing for international business. The dynamics of the number of users of social networks in the world is analyzed, which allowed us to conclude about the steady trend of increasing the number of users of the Internet and social networks, as well as the time spent by users on social networks. The study of the dynamics of the number of users of social networks provides increased efficiency in the use of digital marketing tools to enhance international business. The most effective digital marketing tools for international business, including artificial intelligence, conversational marketing, chatbots, personalization, video marketing, live shopping, social media stories, interactive content, omnic marketing, augmented reality and technology immersion, native advertising, green marketing and mobile commerce.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.219-230
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• 2022

The goal of this research is to look into the relationship between social media marketing activities and brand attachment in the online marketing business, based on the indirect effect of perceived value and self-brand connections. For this reason, the study has used self-administered questionnaires to collect the data from 425 males from the major cities of Pakistan including Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and Sialkot. Furthermore, based on the PLS-SEM technique the empirical findings show that social media marketing activities positively affect perceived value, self-brand connections, and brand attachment. Perceived value has a significant positive impact on brand attachment and mediates the influence of social media marketing activities on brand attachment. In addition to this, self-brand connections have a positive effect on brand attachment, and self-brand connections mediate the relationship between them. Thus, firms employing social media marketing activities successfully in their branding build upon a positive perception of the brand in the customer's mind resulting in customer attachment with the brand. This study can assist the e-commerce managers and brand managers in building strong customer attachment via perceived value and self-brand connections.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.65-76
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• 2022

This study will examine the relationship between social support from the work and family domains, referred to as multiple social network ties (MSNT), and employees' job and family-related performance outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis. The study also demonstrates the importance of employees' work-family balance (WFB) in moderating the association between MSNT and job and family-related performance. A two-wave design was used to collect data from 320 managerial level personnel in Pakistan's textile sector. The path analysis technique of structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the responses. In times of crisis, social support mechanisms could potentially replace organizational support mechanisms for employees dealing with work and family obligations, according to the study. The findings of this study show that work-family balance is a significant partial mediator between MSNT and employees' job and family-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a best-fit model. This research supports the pragmatic view of MSNT's action mechanism in generating jobs for employees and family-related results, especially in uncertain situations. According to the findings, employees who have a positive work-life balance are happier and more productive in both work and personal life. It has major implications for human resource management (HRM) research and practice.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2024

Purpose: This study explores the impact of discrimination experience on stress levels among Seoul's public housing complex residents, emphasizing the moderating role of social capital. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing the 2019 Seoul public housing (PH) panel data and an ordered logit model, the research categorizes residents based on personal and environmental factors, contrasting them across different local housing price levels. Results: We find that public housing residents' experience of discrimination has a significant impact on stress, and local housing prices are positively related to stress. Interestingly, stress due to discrimination is more pronounced in high-priced neighborhoods, which are associated with real estate inequality. Conversely, this impact is less pronounced in lower-priced neighborhoods. Importantly, social capital not only has a significant moderating effect on stress for all residents, but in high-priced neighborhoods, it also moderates the stress caused by experiences of discrimination for social housing residents. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for policy interventions to strengthen social capital and address socioeconomic disparities in public housing, and are significant for analyzing the nuanced relationship between neighborhood, housing affordability, discrimination, and stress in urban communities for public housing residents, which is a socially problematic issue.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-344
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• 1973

The purpose of this study is to find how the mother's rearing patterns and attitudes influence on a child's social personality development. Many contemporary psychologists insist that mother's rearing attitudes and methods before age of six influence on child's social personality development a great deal. Freud divided the child's developmental stages into three : oral, anal, and phallic period. According to his assumptions the way of mother's feeding and weaning has very important relationship with the personality development through ora period and how to handle toilet training will greatly influence through anal period. In addition to this, Symonds declares that a mother's rearing attitudes will influence the establishment of social characteristics of the child. The moderate attitude-not too overprotective or rejective or submissive or dominate-is desirable. If mother's attitude declines to one aspect among these four kinds too much, the child would have chances to develop maladjusted social characteristics such as aggressiveness , submissiveness, dependency, and dominativeness. The hypotheses of this study were based on Freud and Symonds theory and tested by correlation and the difference of percentage. The results of the study were as follows : I. The relationship between rearing pattern and social characteristics 1. When the child has too strictly scheduled feeding time, he will have aggressive attitudes. 2. The longer the feeding period, the more dependency the child will have. 3. In case the toilet training was taken place too early or strictly, the child will withdraw into his shell. 4. When the child failed to perform the toilet training and was punished because of that, the child's personality will likely to be too submissive or aggressive. II. The relationship between mother's attitudes and social personality 1. When the mother's attitude is too overprotective the child showed withdrawn characteristics (r = 89) or dependency ( r = 24). 2. The child whose mother has too rejective attitude also showed withdrawn characteristics ( r = 31). As Sears insisted self-demanding schedule is recommendable and the weaning supposed to be started after age of one and a half years and finished around age of two. The toilet training which has rather severe consequences than the feeding methods should be started when the child is able to understand what is expected to him. Sears says that about two years after birth would be proper but individual difference should be considered. As a conclusion, Flexible and understanding attitudes and rearing methods is necessary for a sound establishment of social personality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Objectives: One of the main objectives of the Targeted Subsidies Law (TSL) in Iran was to improve equity in healthcare financing. This study aimed at measuring the effects of the TSL, which was implemented in Iran in 2010, on equity in healthcare financing. Methods: Segmented regression analysis was applied to assess the effects of TSL implementation on the Gini and Kakwani indices of outcome variables in Iranian households. Data for the years 1977-2014 were retrieved from formal databases. Changes in the levels and trends of the outcome variables before and after TSL implementation were assessed using Stata version 13. Results: In the 33 years before the implementation of the TSL, the Gini index decreased from 0.401 to 0.381. The Gini index and its intercept significantly decreased to 0.362 (p<0.001) 5 years after the implementation of the TSL. There was no statistically significant change in the gross domestic product or inflation rate after TSL implementation. The Kakwani index significantly increased from -0.020 to 0.007 (p<0.001) before the implementation of the TSL, while we observed no statistically significant change (p=0.81) in the Kakwani index after TSL implementation. Conclusions: The TSL reform, which was introduced as part of an economic development plan in Iran in 2010, led to a significant reduction in households' income inequality. However, the TSL did not significantly affect equity in healthcare financing. Hence, while measuring the long-term impact of TSL is paramount, healthcare decision-makers need to consider the efficacy of the TSL in order to develop plans for achieving the desired equity in healthcare financing.