• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2011

This study was designed to compare the dietary habits of women's university students according to residence type. The subjects were 140 females divided into four groups. The first group consisted of students residing at home with their parents (home, n=39), the second group consisted of students residing in a dormitory (dormitory, n=34), the third group consisted of students residing in a boarding house (boarding, n=36), and the fourth group consisted of self-boarding students (self-boarding, n=31). The average age was 21.9 years, and the BMI levels of the groups were $20.8kg/m^2$, $19.6kg/m^2$, $20.5kg/m^2$, and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively. The 'home' group had higher dietary regularity than the other groups (P<0.05). The boarding group and self-boarding group were more likely to eat out and skip breakfast than the home and dormitory groups (P<0.05). All groups indicated that frequency of snacking was higher than 1 time per day, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The dormitory and boarding groups spent less time consuming meals than the other groups. In conclusion, women's university students show different dietary behaviors according to residence type. Especially, the dormitory, boarding, and self-boarding groups need to improve their dietary habits through high quality education and nutritional support at college cafeterias.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.264-282
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• 2008

The present study assessed the relation of dietary fiber to food habits in Korean adults aged 20 and over, using a newly established dietary fiber, as well as the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. The per capita average dietary fiber intake of Koreans was estimated to be 12.25 ${\pm}$ 5.23 g/1,000 kcal. Calorie-based dietary fiber intakes for females was over the KDRl, but for males it was below the KDRI. The levels of total dietary fiber and energy corresponded with frequent snacking but calorie-based dietary fiber intake did not. The subjects who skipped meals, frequently ate out and consumed fried foods tended to have lower levels of calorie-based dietary fiber although the levels of energy and total dietary fiber corresponded with frequent eating-out and consumption of fried foods. The results of this study suggest that Koreans must make efforts to regularly have three meals a day, reduce the frequency of eating out and consume fewer fried foods in order to maintain the optimum intake levels of dietary fiber that protect against chronic diseases.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.199-219
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and to identify the related factors of overweight among young children. The study subjects were 138 children, aged 3-5, attending child care centers in the Kyungbuk area. We assessed a wide range of collected variables including general characteristics, anthropometric data, dietary habits, stress, food preferences, and food frequencies of young children, and anthropometric data and general characteristics of their parents. The results of this study were analyzed with $\chi$$^{2}$_ or t-test using SPSS package program. The subjects were classified into two groups using the weight for length index WLI criteria: normal group(n=101) and overweight group(n=37). Forty-nine percent of mothers of overweight children did not recognize their child's current overweight status. Scores for encountering criticized-violent situation stress, hurt-pride stress and total stress were higher in the overweight group than in the normal group. The frequency of snacking and the appetite of the overweight group were increased compared to those of the normal group. The overweight group had higher preferences for salad, kimbab, boiled rice with meat, vegetables and Chinese noodles, chicken, shell, banana, soybean milk, hotdog, and potato than the normal group. The overweight group showed higher consumption frequencies of pan-fried foods, egg, laver and strawbery compared to the normal group. Therefore, our results suggest that obese young children, as well as their parents, need more nutritional counseling education about dietary habits, food preference, recognition of normal weight and strategies for actively coping with stresstopreventandtreatobesityandtomaintainhealth. .

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.408-430
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was performed to investigate dietary and lifestyle habits, dietary behaviors, and food frequency according to the level of smartphone addiction among 408 university students in Kyungnam province. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software package. Based on using the Smartphone Addiction Poneness Scale, 28.4% were potential-risk smartphone users and while 13.2% were high-risk smartphone users. The levels of depression (P<0.05) and stress (P<0.05) and frequency of snacks (P<0.01) were higher in high-risk and potential-risk groups than in the normal group, and meal frequency was highest in the high-risk group (P<0.01). Percentages of using a smartphone at meal time (P<0.01) and snacking while using a smartphone (P<0.01) were higher in potential-risk and high-risk groups than in the normal group. Percentages of skipping meals (P<0.001) and slow eating speed (P<0.01) due to using a smartphone were higher in high-risk and potential-risk groups than in the normal group, and percentages of taste change (P<0.05) were higher in the high-risk group than in the potential-risk and normal groups. Percentages of exercise reduction (P<0.01), body weight increase (P<0.05), sleep disturbance (P<0.001), and increase in stress (P<0.01) due to using a smartphone were higher in the high-risk group than in the normal group. Scores of dietary behaviors avoiding salty food (P<0.01) and excessive drinking (P<0.001) were higher in the high-risk group than in the normal group. Scores for frequency of oil or nuts (P<0.05) and fatty meats (P<0.01) were highest in the high-risk group. Our results suggest that effective nutrition education programs are needed to solve unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits from high-risk smartphone users in university students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.797-808
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• 2008

본 연구는 울산지역 중학생을 대상으로 식습관과 간식섭취 실태, 생활습관 등을 조사하여 중학생들의 식생활과 관련된 문제점을 파악하고, 올바른 식습관 형성을 위한 영양 교육의 기초자료로 제공하고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다.조사대상자의 성별은 남학생 144명 (48.0%), 여학생 156명 (52.0%)이었고, 평균신장은 남학생 162.3 cm, 여학생 159.8 cm이고, 평균체중은 남학생 54.1 kg, 여학생 49.0kg으로 나타났다. 조사대상자의 한 달 평균 용돈은 59.0%가 1${\sim}$3만원 미만으로 가장 많았고, 본인의 건강상태는 건강한 편이다가 55.7%로 가장 많았다. 일상적인 식생활에서 하루 2번의 식사는 47.0%가 규칙적으로 한다고 하였으며, 결식끼니는 아침, 저녁, 점심의 순으로 나타났고 28.7%가 아침 식사를 일주일에 1${\sim}$2회 결식한다고 하였다. 아침 결식의 이유로는 늦게 일어나서가 54.3%로 가장 많았고, 편식여부에서는 조금 한다가 75.0%로 가장 많았고, 편식의 이유로는 맛이 없어서가 60.7%로 가장 높았다. 간식섭취 빈도는 하루 2회 이상 (11.0%)에서부터 주 3회 정도 (38.0%)까지 다양하였으며, 간식섭취 이유는 배가 고파서 (50.3%), 맛이 있어서 (22.7%), 습관적으로 (9.3%)의 순 이었다. 간식 선택의 기준은 맛 (77.7%), 영양 (9.0%),양 (6.3%)의 순이었다. 간식섭취 시간은 67.0%가 방과 후와 학원수업을 마친 후가 많았다. 자주 섭취하는 간식의 종류로는 과일류, 우유 및 유제품, 과자 및 스낵류의 순으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 차이에서는 남학생이 감자튀김을 더 많이 섭취하였고 여학생은 과일류와 과자 및 초콜릿, 커피를 더 많이 섭취하였다. 간식을 구매할 때 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 가격에 영향을 더 받아서 멀더라도 할인점을 찾았으며, 조사대상자의 24.7%는 영양표시를 전혀 확인하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일상적인 식습관을 나타내는 식습관 점수는 남학생 49.27 ${\pm}$ 7.53점, 여학생 48.54 ${\pm}$ 7.81점으로 남학생이 조금 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 하루에 세끼 모두 식사를 한다 (4.31 ${\pm}$ 1.03점)와 아침식사를 규칙적으로 한다 (4.17 ${\pm}$ 1.11점)의 항목에서는 남학생이 여학생보다 유의적으로 더 높은 점수를 보였고, 가공식품을 자주 먹지 않는다 (3.03 ${\pm}$ .075점)와 자극적인 음식을 먹지 않는다 (2.99 ${\pm}$ 0.80점)의 항목에서는 여학생이 유의적으로 점수가 높았다. 간식섭취에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 한 달 용돈이 많을수록 유의적으로 간식섭취빈도가 높았고, 식습관 점수는 낮았다. 식습관에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 1일 PC 이용시간과 TV시청시간으로 PC 이용시간과 TV 시청시간이 많을수록 식습관 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 섭취하는 간식의 종류에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 BMI가 높을수록 과일류의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 낮았고, 식습관 점수와 과일류, 우유 및 유제품, 집에서 조리한 음식은 양의 상관성을 보였다. 반면 탄산음료, 감자튀김 및 햄버거 등은 식습관 점수와 음의 상관성을 보여 식습관 점수가 낮을수록 섭취빈도가 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 중학생들이 간식을 섭취하는 주된 이유로는 배가 고파서와 맛이 있어서이었고 선택기준으로는 맛과 양이 중요하게 나타났다. 성장발육이 왕성한 시기에 정규식사에서 부족한 영양을 보충하기위해서는 간식의 섭취가 중요하므로 간식을 선택할 때 보다 더 영양적인 측면을 고려해야 하겠고 스스로 올바른 식생활을 영위하려는 생활태도와 영양에 대한 바른 인식이 필요하다고 하겠다. 따라서 이들의 현명한 식품구매 능력을 키워주고 올바른 식습관 형성을 위해 학교와 가정에서는 체계적인 영양교육을 실시하여 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생 118명과 패스트푸드점 외의 음식 관련 서비스업에서 일하는 아르바이트생 115명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 식습관과 패스트푸드에 대한 인식 및 패스트푸드 섭취 빈도 등을 비교하여 두 집단 간에 차이가 있는지를 남녀별로 나누어 파악하고자 하였다. 남자의 경우 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생과 그 외 아르바이트생에 있어서 연령, 신분, 주거형태, 용돈, 음주, 흡연, 일하는 시간 및 시급에는 차이가 없었으며, 음주횟수에 차이가 있었다. 여자의 경우 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생은 그 외 아르바이트생에 비해 20세 이상의 대학생이 더 많았고, 6시간 이상으로 일하는 학생이 많았으며, 시간당 급여가 더 높았다. 여자의 경우 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생이 그 외 아르바이트생에 비해 식사 횟수는 적고, 간식으로는 패스트푸드를 먹는다고 한 사람이 더 많았으며, 남녀 모두 야식을 더 자주 먹는 것으로 나타나 식습관이 더 나쁜 경향이 있었다. 또한 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생은 그 외 아르바이트생에 비해 남자의 경우 과일류의 섭취빈도, 여자의 경우 콩 및 콩제품의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한 패스트푸드점 남자 아르바이트생은 패스트푸드의 장점에 대한 인식 점수가 더 낮았다. 패스트푸드점 아르바이트생은 남자의 경우 햄버거류, 피자류, 탄산음료, 여자의 경우 햄버거류, 감자튀김, 도넛, 탄산음료에서 그 외 아르바이트생보다 유의적으로 섭취빈도가 높았으며, 연령, 신분, 주거형태, 용돈, 음주, 흡연, 일하는 시간, 시급 등으로 보정한 후에는 남녀 모두 햄버거류, 피자류의 섭취빈도가 유의적으로 높았다. 총 섭취빈도도 패스트푸드 아르바이트생의 섭취빈도가 더 높았으며, 연령, 신분 등으로 보정한 후에도 여전히 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 이와 같이 패스트푸드점에서 일하는 아르바이트생은 그 외아르바이트생보다 식습관이 더 나쁘고, 패스트푸드를 더 자주 섭취하고 있었다. 따라서 패스트푸드 아르바이트생은 결식하지 않고, 다양한 식품을 충분히 섭취하도록 노력하는 등의 좋은 식습관을 갖도록 더 노력해야 할 것이며 이를 도울 수 있는 영양교육이 요구된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

Because excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may reduce the quality of nutritional intake, this study examined the consumption patterns of commercial beverages, lifestyle, dietary habits, and perception of sweet taste. Participants were 407 male university students in Kyeooggido, Korea, and information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Among them, 58 nonsmokers volunteered to participate in the taste test. Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of commercial beverage consumptions: 120 rare (< 1 serving/week), 227 moderate (1-3 servings/week) and 133 frequent (> 3 servings/week) consumption groups. More subjects from the rare consumption group chose water, tea, and soy milk, and more from the frequent consumption group chose carbonated soft drinks and coffee (P=0.031) as their favorite drinks. Frequent consumption group consumed fruit juice, coffee, and sports and carbonated soft drinks significantly more often (P=0.002, P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively), but not milk and tea. Frequent consumption group consumed beverages casually without a specific occasion (P=0.000) than rare consumption group. Frequent drinking of commercial beverages was associated with frequent snacking (P=0.002), meal skipping (P=0.006), eating out (P=0.003), eating delivered foods (P=0.000), processed foods (P=0.001), and sweets (P=0.002), and drinking alcoholic beverages (P=0.029). Frequent consumption group tended to have a higher threshold of sweet taste without reaching statistical significance. The results provide information for developing strategies for evidence-based nutrition education program focusing on reducing consumption of unnecessary sugar-sweetened commercial beverages.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of obesity of 212 women (age 45-60 years) in Seoul and the Kyunggi area through analysis of BMI and the dietary life factors related to obesity using a survey on dietary habits, dietary assessment, and nutrient intake. The height of the underweight group was taller than normal. The height of the obese group was equal to that of the normal group, but the weight was 8.5 kg greater than the normal group. Women in the underweight group consumed meals irregularly, and only 33.4% ate breakfast. Additionally, the rate of overeating was low in the underweight group, and milk, dairy products (yogurt, etc.), fruit, and fruit juice were consumed more than once a day. It was found that 62.1% of the women in the obese group never ate out, and the rate of eating one serving of fruit, drinking one cup of fruit juice, and eating various kinds of foods was high. The average point of women's dietary life was $21.9{\pm}2.9$, and 12.7% of all women responded that their dietary life was good. However, in the obese group, only 6.9% of the women reported that their dietary life was good. Evaluation of snacking habits revealed that the underweight group consumed a high level of carbonated drinks and ice cream, whereas for in the obese group, 24.1% of the women consumed milk and its products and 5.6% regularly consumed fast and fried foods. Evaluation of nutrient intake revealed that the consumption of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E was high in all of the groups, but the intake of folic acid in the underweight group was lower than the required level. Overall, 24.1% of the women in the obese group were found to have metabolic diseases, mostly hypertension (43%). In conclusion, a balanced diet to avoid excessive nutrient intake is needed to prevent obesity.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.856-867
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between of weight control attempts with concern about weight control. nutrition knowledge, eating behavior and nutrients Intake among high school girls in Seoul, Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 355 subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups, one with experience in attempting to control their weight, and one with no experience in attempting to control their weight. The mean averages of height, weight. obesity index (OI) and BMI of the subjects were 161.1cm, 53.1kg, -5.2% and 20.4, respectively. 49% of the subjects were experienced in attempting weight control. The majority of the group that had experience in weight control expressed dissatisfaction of with their self body image (66.7%), and was concerned about weight control (94.9%). This group also had more abnormal eating habits than the group that had no experience in weight control attempts, such as missing meals, eating irregularly, not eating a variety of foods and snacking. The mean averages of perceived knowledge (PK) and correct knowledge (CK) regarding nutrition on a 30 point scale were 23.6 (78.7% of total score) and 15.8 (52.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences of the PK's and the CK's between the two groups. Nutrients intakes of the two groups were not significantly different and the mean nutrient intakes revealed adequate consumption of energy. protein, Fe, Ca. thiamin. riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and C. The higher the dissatisfaction of their self body image, PK score. and abnormal eating habits, the higher the level of concerns about of being overweight.