• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2022

With the advent of high technologies such as the 4th Industrial Revolution and artificial intelligence and big data, efforts are being made to solve urban problems and improve the quality of life by applying new technologies in the smart city field. In addition, as carbon neutrality has emerged as an important issue due to global warming, smart city energy platform technologies such as urban energy management, efficiency improvement, and carbon reduction are in the spotlight. In order to effectively manage urban energy, energy resource information such as electricity, water, gas, hot water, heating, etc. must be collected from the management system of various energy utilities and managed on the central platform. The centrally integrated data is delivered to external city management systems that require city energy information through an energy platform. This study developed a CIM profile for smart city energy monitoring required to provide energy data to external systems. Electric data model were designed using the CIM class of IEC 61970, and water, gas, and heat data model were designed in compliance with the UML-based design ideas of IEC 61970.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.1066-1080
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• 2024

SMART100 has a containment pressure and radioactivity suppression system (CPRSS) for passive containment cooling system (PCCS). This prevents overheating and over-pressurization of a containment through direct contact condensation in an in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) and wall condensation in a CPRSS heat exchanger (CHX) in an emergency cool-down tank (ECT). The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) constructed scaled-down test facilities, SISTA1 and SISTA2, for the thermal-hydraulic validation of the SMART100 CPRSS. Three separate effect tests were performed using SISTA1 to confirm the heat removal characteristics of SMART100 CPRSS. When the low mass flux steam with or without non-condensable gas is released into an IRWST, the conditions for mitigation of the chugging phenomenon were identified, and the physical variables were quantified by the 3D reconstruction method. The local behavior of the non-condensable gas was measured after condensation inside heat exchanger using a traverse system. Stratification of non-condensable gas occurred in large tank of the natural circulation loop. SISTA2 was used to simulate a small break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLCOA) transient. Since the test apparatus was a metal tank, compensations of initial heat transfer to the material and effect of heat loss during long-term operation were important for simulating cooling performance of SMART100 CPRSS. The pressure of SMART100 CPRSS was maintained below the design limit for 3 days even under sufficiently conservative conditions of an SBLOCA transient.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

Smart grid is a fully-automated, bi-directional, power transmission network based on the physical grid system, which combines sensor measurement, computer, information communication, and automatic control technology. Blockchain technology, with its security features, can be integrated with Smart Grids to provide secure and efficient power management and transmission. This paper dicusses the deployment of Blockchain technology in Smart Grid. It presents application areas and protocols in which blockchain can be applied to in securing smart grid. One application of each area is explored in detail, such as efficient peer-to-peer transaction, lower platform costs, faster processes, greater flexibility in power generation to transmission, distribution and power consumption in different energy storage systems, current barriers obstructing the implementation of blockchain applications with some level of maturity in financial services but concepts only in energy and other sectors. Wide range of energy applications suggesting a suitable blockchain architecture in smart grid operations, a sample block structure and the potential blockchain technicalities employed in it. Also, added with efficient data aggregation schemes based on the blockchain technology to overcome the challenges related to privacy and security in the smart grid. Later on, consensus algorithms and protocols are discussed. Monitoring of the usage and statistics of energy distribution systems that can also be used to remotely control energy flow to a particular area. Further, the discussion on the blockchain-based frameworks that helps in the diagnosis and maintenance of smart grid equipment. We have also discussed several commercial implementations of blockchain in the smart grid. Finally, various challenges have been discussed for integrating these technologies. Overall, it can be said at the present point in time that blockchain technology certainly shows a lot of potentials from a customer perspective too and should be further developed by market participants. The approaches seen thus far may have a disruptive effect in the future and might require additional regulatory intervention in an already tightly regulated energy market. If blockchains are to deliver benefits for consumers (whether as consumers or prosumers of energy), a strong focus on consumer issues will be needed.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.119-128
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 열흐름의 방향, 태양 복사열의 집열 그리고 축열부의 열용량 등이 조절 가능한 Thermo-Diode식 태양열 이용 모듈(Smart Module)의 개발하였으며, 이를 통하여 액체식 열다이오드에 대한 작동 메카니즘과 이를 적용한 태양열 이용 시스템의 효율적 작동과 그 가능성을 확인하였다. 기존의 태양열 시스템은 일조시간 동안만 시스템이 운용되는 반면 본 Smart Module은 낮뿐만 아니라 밤에도 단열 및 냉방부하 감소 효과를 거둘 수 있다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

As environmental pollution has become worse green technologies to replace or reduce consumption of fossil fuel get spotlight from government, industry and academia globally. It is reported that 40% of carbon dioxide emission is caused by electricity power generation. And 37% of end user electricity power is used by residential costumer in US. Smart Grid is considered as one of promising technology to alleviate severe environmental problem. In residential environment, Home Energy Management System (HEMS) can play a key role for green smart home. The HEMS can give several benefits like aslowering electric utility bill, improvement of efficiency of electric power consumption and integration of generator using renewable energy resources. However just limited functions of HEMS can be used for residential customer in real life because of lack of smart function in home appliances and optimal managing software for HEMS. This study provides comprehensive analysis for Home Energy Management System for residential customer. Simple HEMS system with real products on the market are explained and limitation of current HEMS are also discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.3090-3102
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• 2015

The accuracy of an augmented reality (AR) application is highly dependent on the resolution of the object's image and the device's computational processing capability. Naturally, a mobile smart device equipped with a high-resolution camera becomes the best platform for portable AR services. AR applications require significant energy consumption and very fast response time, which are big burdens to the smart device. However, there are very few ways to overcome these burdens. Computation offloading via mobile cloud computing has the potential to provide energy savings and enhance the performance of applications executed on smart devices. Therefore, in this paper, adaptive mobile computation offloading of mobile AR applications is considered in order to determine optimal offloading points that satisfy the required quality of experience (QoE) while consuming minimum energy of the smart device. AR feature extraction based on SURF algorithm is partitioned into sub-stages in order to determine the optimal AR cloud computational offloading point based on conditions of the smart device, wireless and wired networks, and AR service cloud servers. Tradeoffs in energy savings and processing time are explored also taking network congestion and server load conditions into account.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.678-680
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• 2016

에너지 환경의 변화로 인해 가정 내 태양광 도입이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 더불어 에너지 저장 시스템도 함께 활용되어 보다 유연한 에너지 관리가 이루어지고 있다. 태양광으로 생산된 전력을 보다 효과적으로 사용하여 피크 저감 및 가격을 고려한 전력소비를 이룰 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 에너지 저장 시스템을 홈 네트워크로 연동하여 홈 에너지관리 시스템의 구성요소로 이루기 위해 SEP(Smart Energy Profile)을 개발하였다. 에너지 저장 시스템에서 갖추고 있는 기능을 정의하고 표준 기반 프로토콜을 개발하여 제품간 호환을 이룰 수 있도록 하였다. 향후 주택에 에너지관리시스템 도입을 위해 상호운용성 확보는 매우 중요한 과제이며 이를 앞당길 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2001

In Korea, an advanced reactor system of 330MWt power called SMART (System integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor) is being developed by KAERI to supply energy for seawater desalination as well as electricity generation. A shielding design of the SMART core with 49 CEDM is established by a two-dimensional discrete ordinates radiation transport analyses. The DORT two-dimensional discrete ordinates transport code is used to evaluate the SMART shielding designs. Three axial regions represent the SMART reactor assembly, each of which is modeled in the R-Z geometry. The BUGLE-96 library is used in the analyses, which consists of 47 neutron and 20 gamma energy groups. The results indicate that the maximum neutron fluence at the bottom of reactor vessel is $5.89 {\times} 10^{17}\;n/cm^2$ and that on the radial surface of reactor vessel is $4.49 {\times} 10^[16}\;n/cm^2$. These results meet the requirement, $1.0 {\times} 10^{20}\;n/cm^2$, in 10 CFR 50.61 and the integrity of SMART reactor vessel during the lifetime of the reactor is confirmed.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 걷기 여행길이나 계통 전원 사용이 어려운 공원, 시골, 행사장, 공사현장 등 다양한 장소에 자유롭게 설치할 수 있는 태양광 에너지 기술을 이용한 계통 독립형 이동식 스마트 쉼터를 제시한다. 제안된 스마트 쉼터는 태양광 발전과 에너지 저장장치를 갖추고 IoT 기술을 접목하여 실내외 온습도, 미세먼지, 여행객 인지를 실시간으로 수집이 가능하며. 이를 통해 폭염, 한파 상황 및 여행객 유무에 따른 최적의 에너지 운영을 수행함으로써 효율적으로 에너지 관리가 가능하며, 계통 전원 없이 최대한 장시간 대피소의 역할이 가능하다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 사물인터넷 환경에서 저전력 동작과 에너지 하비스팅이 가능한 스마트 비디오 디바이스의 구조와 에너지 제어모델을 제안한다. 스마트 비디오 디바이스는 프로세서, 이미지 센서, 비디오 코덱, 네트워크 제어기 모듈들로 구성된다. 제안하는 에너지 제어 모델은 이미지 센싱, 비디오 부호화, 전송 시 에너지 소비량 출력과 태양전지를 통한 하비스팅 에너지 입력을 이용하여 에너지 버퍼인 배터리 입출력 관계로 정의된다. 화면률, 양자화 계수, 프로세서 동작 주파수를 에너지 레벨과 기능 블록들의 에너지 소비 제어 계수로 사용한다. 제안하는 에너지 제어 모델은 스마트폰 기반으로 에너지 제어 계수들에 따른 에너지 소비량 측정을 통해 검증되었으며, 에너지 하비스팅 기능을 이용한 지속 가능한 스마트 비디오 디바이스 설계에 활용될 수 있다.