• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2022

Purpose: Service quality is a topic of constant interest in marketing research and practitioners. Service quality is an important factor influencing performance even in the context of coffee shops, and research on service quality management strategies continues by coffee shop researchers and practitioners. The service quality of coffee shops is a source of competitive advantage and is an important factor in enhancing customer and business performance. This study aims to identify the effects of cognitive evaluation on emotional and behavioral responses using a cognitive-emotional-behavioral framework and SOR model in the coffee shop context. Cognitive evaluation (service quality) consists of tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, reliability, and empathy dimensions. Research design, data, and methodology: In the proposed model, positive and negative emotions and satisfaction mediate the relationship between service quality and money to spend and visit frequency. The data were collected from customers who visited a coffee shop within the last 1 month. The survey was conducted for about one month. Among a total of 300 distributed questionnaires 261 responses were used for data analysis. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, measurement model analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis with SPSS 28.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. Results: Tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy had significant positive effects on positive emotion, while only reliability had a significant negative effect on negative emotion. Both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on customer satisfaction, but not on money to spend and visit frequency. Lastly, customer satisfaction had significant positive effects on money to spend and visit frequency. Conclusions: The study revealed the relative weight of cognitive factors on customer emotions and confirmed the validity of SOR model. The fact that tangibility is the most important factor in increasing positive emotions and reliability is the most important factor in reducing negative emotions provides a direction for emotional branding strategies using the service quality mix of coffee shops. This study confirmed the full mediating role of satisfaction between positive and negative emotions and consumer behaviors (money to spend and visit frequency). This infers that when a coffee shop increases customer satisfaction through customer emotion management, the customer's money to spend and visit frequency in the coffee shop increases.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.443-459
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 초등과학 교육과정의 '우리 몸의 구조와 기능' 단원에서 배설 기관을 주제로 TPACK 기반의 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하여 적용하였다. 프로그램 개발 및 적용은 교육과정 분석 및 학습 목표 세부화, 물리적·심리적 학습 환경 분석, 교수·학습 방법 및 테크놀로지 선정, 수업에 활용할 교사의 TPACK 요인 정리 및 교수·학습자료 개발, 프로그램 적용 및 효과성 검증의 과정으로 진행하였다. STEAM 프로그램 설계 과정에서 고려한 교사의 TPACK은 내용학 지식(배설 기관의 생김새와 하는 일), 교육학 지식(STEAM, 문제 기반 학습, 조사학습, 토의학습, 협동 학습, 과학 글쓰기), 테크놀로지 지식(3D 프린터 및 스마트 기기 활용 기술)과 지식 간의 융합적인 요인이었다. 프로그램은 총 8시간으로 구성되었으며 실험 집단으로 선정된 5학년 학생 29명을 대상으로 적용하였다. 비교 집단의 5학년 27명에게는 교과서 중심으로 개발된 같은 주제의 프로그램을 적용하였다. 프로그램을 적용한 결과 실험 집단은 비교 집단에 비하여 창의적 문제해결력과 과학적 태도에서 유의미한 향상을 보였고 STEAM 프로그램에 대한 만족도도 높게 나타났다. 그러나 두 집단 간의 학업성취도는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 학생들은 스스로 조사하고 탐구하며 알게 된 지식을 활용하여 문제를 해결하는 과정, 친구들과의 토의 및 협동 학습 과정을 통해 창의적 문제해결력이 향상되었던 것으로 보이며 새로운 기술의 활용, 학생 중심의 활동 과정 및 실생활과 관련된 문제를 해결하는 과정에서 과학적 태도와 만족도가 높아진 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

Purpose: Recently, it is common to see cases where an amount similar to the cost of a meal is spent on dessert, or an amount greater than the cost of a meal is spent on dessert. The generation MZ is showing a tendency of 'value consumption' by consuming values and beliefs in consideration of the recent impact on society and the environment. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of dessert cafe quality and eco-friendly behavior on customer trust and loyalty targeting the generation MZ who have visited desert cafés. This study examined the mediating role of customer trust in the relationships between desert café quality, eco-friendly behavior and customer loyalty, and also the moderating effect of and eco-friendly behavior on customer trust and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology: To achieve purposes of this study, 229 data were collected from respondents who visited desert café and analyzed using measurement model (reliability test and correlation analysis), Fornell-Larcker Criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) assessment, and structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7. Results: The research results are as follows. First, desert cafes' quality positively influenced customer trust but did not customer loyalty. Second, desert cafes' eco-friendly behavior positively influenced customer trust and customer loyalty. Fourth, the interaction term of dessert cafe quality and eco-friendly behavior did not influence customer trust and customer loyalty. Conclusions: This study emphasized the necessity of service quality and eco-friendly behavior of dessert cafes by examining the relationship between the quality of dessert cafes and eco-friendly behaviors, customer trust and loyalty. It also found the importance of the role of trust in securing loyal customers. In order to secure and retain loyal customers, the owners of dessert cafes should make effortsto improve the quality of the cafes' products and services so that customers can feel a sense of trust, and actively publicize that they are practicing eco-friendly management. As a result of this study, it is intended to provide practical implications for the management of dessert cafes by understand ing the effects of product and service quality and eco-friendly behaviors of companies to bakery industry workers and start-ups.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2023

4차 산업혁명을 주도하는 기술로서 IoT, 빅데이터, 인공지능, CPS 등이 발전하면서 산업 현장에서 생산성과 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 디지털 트윈의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 디지털 트윈은 실제 물리적 객체들의 디지털 복제로서, 객체의 속성과 상태를 유지하며 작동하는 가상 모델이다. CPS는 사이버 세계와 물리 세계의 상호작용을 위한 시스템으로, 디지털 트윈은 CPS의 고급형 기술로 볼 수 있다. 디지털 트윈은 AI, XR, 5G 등 다양한 요소 기술의 등장으로 구현 속도가 가속화되었다. 센서 기술의 발전과 IoT, 인공지능, 빅데이터, 클라우드 등의 관련 기술 발전으로 디지털 트윈 시장이 성장하고 있다. 이에 따라 기업들은 비즈니스 인텔리전스와 관련된 솔루션을 도입하여 프로세스 최적화, 비용 효율성, 생산성을 향상시키는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 트윈 기술과 CPS를 결합하여 이기종 로봇의 실시간 3D 디지털 트윈을 구축하는 것이 목표이다. 이를 위해 유비씨의 FLEXING CPS와 FLEXING EDGE를 활용하여 데이터 수집과 관리를 수행한다. 프로젝트 구성원은 프로토콜 설정, 데이터 수집 및 전달, 3D 디지털 트윈 시뮬레이션을 담당한다. 이를 통해 CPS와 디지털 트윈을 통합한 기술의 가능성을 확인하고, 산업 현장에서 생산성과 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

최근 급속한 경제발전과 지역산업의 성장으로 인하여 많은 물류이동 발생과 함께 연약지반에 도로를 건설하는 경우가 많아지면서 연약지반 상에 축조된 지반구조물과 관련한 제반 문제점들이 대두되고 있다. 특히 말뚝 기초 형식의 교대나 건축물을 연약지반에 시공할 경우 비정상적인 측방유동에 의한 변위가 기초지반에 발생하여 상부 구조물의 안정성과 사용성에 많은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 측방유동은 말뚝의 파손원인과 측방변위에 대한 상관관계 연구, 연약지반 상에 설치된 말뚝의 변형과 모멘트에 대한 연구, 수치해석법을 이용한 연약지반상의 성토에 따른 측방변위 특성 및 현장계측을 통한 측방변위 특성 등 많은 연구가 수행되어지고 있으나 측방유동현상은 지금까지도 그 역학적 메커니즘이 정량적으로 파악하기 어렵고, 측방유동에 대한 합리적인 설계법이 확립되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 및 일본 측방유동 발생 사례를 바탕으로 효과적이고 보다 정확한 측방유동 판정을 위하여 확률신경망과 군집신경망이론을 이용한 평가모델을 구축하고 기존의 측방유동 판정식과 비교하였다. 연구결과 제안된 확률신경망과 군집신경망 모델들의 측방유동 판정 성공률이 기존의 판정식들에 비해 매우 높은 정확도를 가지며 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Composites Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

복합재료의 모재지배 물성은 온도나 습도와 같은 환경에 의해서 크게 저하되기 때문에 고온 다습한 환경에서 운용되는 UAV의 일체형 복합재 연료탱크를 설계함에 있어 이러한 유해환경 요소들을 반드시 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 스마트무인기에 사용될 일방향 복합재료 USN 175B와 직조 복합재료인 WSN3K에 대해서 $90^{\circ}C$에서 담수 침수 실험을 수행하여 모재의 수분 흡수량이 포화될 때까지 노화시킨 후 $74^{\circ}C$의 고온환경에서 인장 및 평면 전단 시험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 모재 지배적 물성에서 극심한 물성 저하현상이 나타남을 확인하였다. 구조물이 받는 하중의 다양성을 고려하기 위해서 반최적화 기법을 도입하였다. 하중 컨벡스 모델과 안정성 경계를 비교하여 최악의 하중 상황을 판별하였다. 안정성 경계는 일체형 복합재 연료탱크에 저하된 물성을 적용하여 유한요소 해석을 수행하여 얻었다. 이를 통해 최악의 하중상황은 수직상승모드일 때 임을 확인하였다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2018

Purpose - In franchise system, how to build the relationship between the franchisor and franchisee through influence strategy is very important, because it affects on the long-term orientation like recontract intentions. Thus, this study examines the effect of mandatory influence strategy on relationship satisfaction, relationship trust, and recontract intentions in the context of food-service franchise industry. This study suggests the guidelines on how franchisor uses their influence strategy on franchisee to maintain and increase the recontract intentions. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between mandatory influence strategy, relationship satisfaction, relationship trust, and recontract intentions from the franchisee's perspective. Mandatory influence strategy divide into three sub-dimensions such as request, legalistic plea, threat. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. Every constructs were measured by multiple items tested and developed in the previous research. Also, the constructs utilized in this research are measured using 7-point scales anchored by "1=strongly disagree" and 7=strongly agree". The data were collected from 496 owner and owner manager franchisees and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. program. Analysis of frequency was conducted to identify the demographics and general characteristics of the survey subjects. In order to measure the reliability and validity of the measurement tools, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted and structural model analysis was conducted to verify the proposed research model. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, this research found that mandatory influence strategy is positively related to relationship satisfaction and relationship trust, but not to recontract intention directly. Second, this research also found that the full mediating role of relationship satisfaction and relationship trust between the mandatory influence strategy and recontract intention. Conclusions - The findings of this research indicate that franchisor should use properly mandatory influence strategy to improve recontract intentions through relationship satisfaction and relationship trust. Due to the nature of food-service franchise industry, which needs high relationship quality, franchisor must manage their franchisee using influence strategy in order to improve satisfaction and trust. If franchisee perceives higher relationship quality, they will show higher intention to recontract. At the end of this paper, limitations and future research directions were suggested.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2017

Purpose - In hotel business, how to build the relationship between leader and employees is very important, because it affects on the customer satisfaction. Thus, this research examines the effect of authentic leadership on job performance in the context of hotel industry and identifies mediating roles of organizational engagement, job satisfaction, and creativity in the relationship between authentic leadership and job performance. This study suggests the guidelines for how hotel companies should improve employee productivity and build a desirable organizational culture by presenting employee attitudes and behavioral models that explain the relationship between leaders and employees. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between authentic leadership, organizational engagement, job satisfaction, creativity, and job performance from the employee's perspective. Authentic leadership divide into four sub-dimensions such as self-awareness, balanced process of informations, internalized moral perspective, and relational transparency. In order to test the purposes of this study, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. The data were collected from 114 franchise hotel employees and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. program. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, authentic leadership have significant impacts on organizational engagement and creativity, but does not have impact on job satisfaction directly. Second, organizational engagement have significant impacts on job satisfaction and job performance, but does not have impact on creativity directly. Third, job satisfaction has significant impact on creativity, but does not have impact on job performance. Fourth, creativity has significant impact on job performance. Conclusions - The findings of this study indicate that hotel leaders should properly implement the authentic leadership and consider how to build a corporate culture to improve an organizational and employee productivity through authentic leadership. Due to the nature of the hotel industry, which relies heavily on human resources, hotel companies must manage their employees with authenticity in order to increase organizational engagement, job satisfaction, and creativity that affect hotel and employee productivity. If hotel employees perceive their leader's authentic leadership, they show more organizational engagement that increases creativity and leads to job performance. Finally, hotel employees can propose creative ideas only if they will be satisfied with their jobs. Therefore, the leader should develop non-monetary or monetary reward system for the employees and, make an efforts to foster creativity of the employees.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2017

Purpose - Previous studies about corporate image generally explore how corporate image affects a company's effectiveness from the consumer view. However this study attempts to explore the impacts of corporate image (reliability, friendly, corporate social responsibility, and innovation) on employees' altruistic behaviors in the franchise industry context. This study also examine whether organizational trust and affective commitment play a mediating role in the relationship between corporate image and employees' altruistic behaviors. The authors developed several hypotheses to achieve these purposes. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from employees in food-service franchise companies located in Seoul, Korea. Among a total of 363 questionnaires distributed, 294(response rate of 81%) questionnaires were returned. After excluding 18 invalid respondent questionnaires, 276 valid questionnaires(response rate of 76%) were coded and analyzed using frequency, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 21 and SmartPLS 3.0. Result - The findings of the study are as follows: First, friendly, CSR, and innovation had positive effects on organizational trust, but reliability did not have a significant effect on organizational trust. Second, reliability and friendly of corporate image had positive effects on affective commitment, but CSR and innovation did have a significant effect on affective commitment. Third, organizational trust and affective commitment had positive effects on employees' altruistic behaviors. Conclusions - The aim of this study is to investigate the franchise corporate image as a significant influencing factor of employees' altruistic behaviors. The data were collected from only employees from franchising companies. The findings might vary from position to position. Future studies need to collect and compare data from managers. Future studies need to consider other variables that affect employees' altruistic behaviors. For example, leadership and market orientation might influence employees' attitude and behaviors. Also, future research should include other variables and it may have limitations in sample representative because of sampling franchise corporate in Seoul. Future studies will include franchise corporate all over the country. Future studies can also consider other variables (e.g., job performance and turnover intentions) to measure employee performance at the level of individuals and identify the impact of employee performance on business performance at the level of corporate.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Purpose - In align with the increasing competition in both online and offline franchise markets caused by the increasing impact of social networking service, entrepreneurial passion(EP) of the franchise owners has crucial impact on the stakeholders. This study proposed the customer among stakeholders has the critical influence firm's success and examined the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP) and trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between entrepreneurial passion(EP), trust, identification, and loyalty from the customer's perspective. More specifically, the EP were measured using three sub-dimensions such as EP-inventing(Perceived passion for inventing), EP-founding(Perceived passion for foundting), and EP-developing(Perceived passion for developing). In order to verify the research purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. All constructs were measured with multiple items developed and tested in the previous studies. Each item was measured on a 7 point Likert-scale anchored by '1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree'. The data were collected from 449 franchise consumers through online survey and were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. statistical program. Result - The results of this study are as follows. First, EP-inventing and EP-developing have significant impacts on corporate trust. Second, EP-founding does not have significant impact on corporate trust. Third, EP-inventing and EP-founding have significant impacts on consumer identification. Fourth, EP-developing does not have impact on identification directly, but does indirectly through corporate trust as a mediator. Fifth, corporate trust and identification have significant impacts on loyalty. Conclusions - This indicates that the foodservice franchise CEOs should continuously develop new menus and service to fulfill customer needs. EP-inventing of the food franchise CEOs may enhance customer trust for higher quality of product or service, and EP-developing can also be a driving force for customer trust as it embeds belief in customers that the franchise is sustainably developing. Also, food franchise CEOs should first clarify the support process for the existing brands before developing new ones. Customers tend to lead the trend by using brands that satisfy new trends in the foodservice franchise market, and it could have identification with the trend-setting franchise. Customers do not accept if a company is different from their personal image or norms. So the franchise CEOs must create identification with customers by building corporate trust. Corporate trust influences consumer behavior and emotion, thus the franchises need to secure trust by improving product or service continuously.