• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nursery period on growth and yield attribute of green papaya (var. Red lady). The nursery period was 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 months and the green papaya was transplanted on 15 April, 2015 in a non-heated greenhouse. The plant height, node number and fresh weight of nursery plant were increased as the nursery periods increased. The growth of green papaya with 13 months nursery period was better than those of other treatments. First harvest after transplanting was increased as the nursery periods were shorten. It took 137 days (18 August) at 13 months treatment, and 184 days (2 October) at 3 months treatment. The fruit length and diameter were smallest at 3 months treatment and there was no significant difference among other treatments. The fruit yield was also influenced by the nursery periods, the commercial yield was also increased as the nursery periods increased. The commercial yield was highest at 13 months treatment (3,172kg/10a), followed by 11 (2,247kg/10a) and 9 months treatment (2,357kg/10a). At 7 and 5 months treatment were 1,942kg/10a and 1,787kg/10a, respectively and the yield was lowest at 3 months treatment (1,443kg/10a). The commercial yield was significantly decreased under 7 months treatment. Although the harvest time of 11 months treatment was earlier than that of other treatments in non-heated greenhouse, 9 month treatment will be more recommendable for green papaya production because of operating costs.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of cerebral diffusion (DWI) and perfusion MR imaging (PWI) in rabbit models with hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction. Materials and Methods : Experimental cerebral infarction were induced by direct injection of mixture of Histoacryl glue, lipiodol, and tungsten powder into the internal cerebral artery of 6 New-Zealand white rabbits, and they underwent conventional T1 and T2 weighted MR imaging, DWI, and PWI within 1 hour after the occlusion of internal cerebral artery. The PWI scan for each rabbit was obtained at the level of lateral ventricle and 1cm cranial to the basal ganglia. By postprocessing using special imaging software, perfusion images including cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) maps were obtained. The detection of infarcted lesion were evaluated on both perfusion maps and DWI. MTT difference time were measured in the perfusion defect lesion and symmetric contralateral normal cerebral hemisphere. Results : In all rabbits, there was no abnormal signal intensity on T2WI. But on DWI, abnormal high signal intensity, suggesting cerebral infarction, were detected in all rabbits. PWI (rCBV, CBF and MTT map) also showed perfusion defect in all rabbits. In four rabbits, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map is larger than that of CBF map and in two rabbits, the calculated size of perfusion defect in MTT map and CBF map is same. Any rabbits do not show larger perfusion defect on CBF map than MTT map. In comparison between CBF map and DWI, 3 rabbits show larger square of lesion on CBF map than on DWI. The others shows same square of lesion on both technique. The size of lesion shown in 6 MTT map were larger than DWI. In three cases, the size of lesion shown in CBF map is equal to DWI. But these were smaller than MTT map. The calculated square of lesion in CBF map, equal to that of DWI and smaller than MTT map was three. And in one case, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map was largest, and that of DWI was smallest. Conclusion : DWI and PWI may be useful in diagnosing hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction and in e-valuating the cerebral hemodynamics in the rabbits.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 2013

The effects of the initial storage temperature and the PA film packaging on the extension of the shelf-life and the improvement of the postharvest storage quality of muskmelons were studied during their storage. Their storage quality was tested as follows: PA-film-wrapped muskmelons, stored at $2^{\circ}C$ or $7^{\circ}C$ for 30 days after their harvest, were kept at $10^{\circ}C$ for 27 days (total: 57 days). On the fifth day of storage at $10^{\circ}C$ (35th day overall), the weight loss reached 6.4% in the 7-control. However, the 2-PA showed the smallest loss of 2.2%. The soluble solids content and the acidity that were measured before the storage were $10.8^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.26% in all the groups. After 27 days of storage at $10^{\circ}C$ (on the 57th day overall), the values were highest in the 2-PA group with $9.7^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.15%, respectively. Microorganisms were not detected at first; but on the fifth day of storage at $10^{\circ}C$ (35th day overall), their values were 3.87 and 2.68 log CFU/g in the seven-control and the 2-PA, respectively. In other words, the 2-PA was found to be more effective in inhibiting microbial proliferation. In relation to sensory properties such as appearance, flavor, sweetness and chewiness, the 2-PA was superior to the other groups and was found to be most effective in improving the storability of muskmelons. In conclusion, it was found that low-temperature injury and fast storage quality deterioration did not occur in film-wrapped muskmelons that were stored at $2^{\circ}C$ for 30 days after they were harvested.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1103-1112
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different cooking methods (boiling, roasting, stir-frying, and deep-frying) on folate retention in 6 kinds of mushrooms (Beech-, button-, Juda's ear-, oak-, oyster-, and winter-mushrooms) frequently consumed in Korea. In order to assure reliability of analytical data, trienzyme extraction-L casei method was verified and analytical quality control was also evaluated. Folate contents of mushrooms varied by 6.04-64.82 g/100 g depending on the type of mushrooms. and were significantly affected by cooking methods. Depending on cooking methods, folate contents of mushrooms decreased by 22-48%, 2-31%, and 17-56% for Juda's ear-, oak- and oyster-mushrooms, respectively, while 17-90% of folate was increased in Beech mushroom. Overall, the largest weight loss was found in boiled mushrooms, but the lowest one in deep-fried samples. True folate retention rates considering processing factor were less than 100% for all cooked mushrooms except for Beech samples. Overall, folate loss was the largest by boiling with water but the smallest by deep-frying. Both accuracy and precision of trienzyme extraction-L-casei method were excellent based on a recovery close to 100% and coefficient variations less than 3%. Quality control chart of folate analysis (n=26) obtained during the entire study and an international proficiency test (z-score=-0.5) showed that trienzyme extraction-L casei method is reliable enough for production of national folate database.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 1964

The authors studied on the bionomics of the Florida wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock and bionomics of two kind of parasites which attack on this Florida wax scale in 1963 to 1964. 1. Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was heavily infested on the persimmon tree planted in the southern part of Korea, specially at the center of Taegu city. Parasitic ratio of important parasite of Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Microterys clauseni was $66.67\%$ and appeared low parasited ratio at the center of the city. 2. The developed eggs of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was appear며 from mid-May to early July. The peak of it was late-May to early June. Average stored eggs inside of a body is 2030. $2030.77\pm0.49.$. 3. The hatching period of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock begins from early June to early July. Mid-June was the peak period of it. Pupation period of the male was August 14 to September 7 and adult was emerged on August 20 to September 8. Mean longevity for adult male was 3 days in August but 4 days in September. 4. On the differences of the body- length parasited on the three host plants, persimmon, platanus, and trifoliate orange, the body length parasited on the persimmon was the largest, medium on platanus and the smallest on the trifoliate orange. 5. Microterys clauseni H. Compere parasite on tile Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock with 5 generations in a year. Hibernate in the body of the host as tan·at stage. The first adult appears in middle April. Fifteen days was required for one generation in $21^{\circ}$. The authors observed on the form ovary, female with 6 ovarioles, and mean number of eggs per female was $47.19\pm0.55$. 6. On the parasited individuals of the Microterys clauseni H. Compere a larva was the most numerous and was found 2 individuals or 4 individuals parasite on the one Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. 7. Coccophagus app. parasited on the only male body of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. The parasitic ratio was $14.831\%$ on persimmon tree in Taegu city.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2004

It examines closely the occupation characteristic primary factor which the dentistry hygienic company field which is working to presence at a sickbed is undergoing the degree and from the research which it sees and it grasps the adaptation method against it gropes bitterly with development of the dentistry hygienic company individual to join in, it contributed in dentistry medical treatment service quality improvement and the research which tries to sleep it attempted. Currently the dentistry hygiene which works from Seoul and the condition area subject matter dentist unit, the dentistry hospital and the general hospital dentistry back it did in the object which it will burn. 116 issues which become frequency in question 120 it used SPSS 10.0 and it analyzed. Result of this study is as following. (1) Was expose that stress degree by factor feels about commonness on the whole, and angle prospects and support connection stress at company were the biggest item by item, and appeared as on the other hand relation connection stress with patient is the smallest. (2) Stress that stress degree by each receives in case of there are a lot of other businesses to characteristic businesses except appeared highest. On the other hand, was expose that feel the lowest stress degree an item that other a type of occupation and discord are. (3) 'Do action of that throw goods or closes the door bump' appeared article highest by short term adaptation method about stress, and 'Think and gives up by fate' appeared highest by special skill adaptation method. Short term adaptation method appeared high than special skill adaptation method on the whole but the difference appeared as is very small. (4) Stress degree comparison by general special quality was shown difference that stress by only dental hygiene administration of justice selection motive keeps in mind. (5) All of the result that compare short term, long term adaptation method about stress that feel new dental higienist apple career dental higienist same difference be, but displayed high result in same munhang. (6) Was expose that difference that keep in mind from all arguments in comparison of short term adaptation method by general special quality does not exist, on the other hand, comparison of long-term adaptation method displayed result that religion among only variable keeps in mind statistically.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 1975

This investigation was carried out to define the cultivation state of Ginseng seedling and to study the growth of important characters by location and correlations between characters, the results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Most of farmers culitvating ginseng seedling had not any special consideration for the improvement of soil, and they applied green manure only as basic fertilizer but they did not apply chemical fertilizer. 2. Any efforts on the improvement of ginseng seed were not found. Seed was harvested from 3 years old ginseng plant. Seedling density was 1.8 cm by 2 cm. 3. Growth of all characters showed significant differences among farms. Coefficients of variation among individual seedling plants was largest at root diameter and smallest at root length. 4. Gromth of all characters without root diameter by planted location under the shadow was poor at front row, however root diameter was shortest at back row. 5. Significant high correlatons were rocognized between root diameter and stem diameter, between leaf blade and stem diameter and between leaf blade and leaf length, but stem length were not correlated with any characters. It is noticable that negative correlations were found between stem length and root diameter, between stem length and root length and between stem length and stem diameter.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.111-123
• /
• 1975

6 years data on the plant growth and grain yield of 13 rice varieties were investigated to define the relations between meteological conditions and plant growth of rice including grain yield. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Variation of average temperature by years showed great number at early and middle July, middle August and early November, however smallest figure at late June and late July. And that of sunshine hours by years were least at late June and late July, and largest at middle July. 2. Among rice yield components variation of panicle number per hill by years was biggest and that of 1000 grain weight least. Rate of variation of plant growth and rice yield was different by rice varieties. 3. Direct effects on rice yield was greatest at maturing ratio and next at 1000 grain weight. The effects of yield factor on the rice yield wers different by years. 4. Higher temperature and longer sunshine delayed the miaxmum tillering stage but shortened the days from seeding to heading. 5. A significant negative correlation was recognized between the number of panicles per hill and average temperature of 11 to 40 days after transplanting, and number of grains per panicle was correlated with the average temperature of 11 to 70 days after transplanting. High temperature before heading time showed atime decreased maturing ratio. 6. Accumulated temperature was highly correlated with 1000 grain weight in all season. Highest positive correltaion was recognized between grain yield of rice and average temperature of 61 to 70 days after transplanting but correlations between rice yield and average temperature after heading stage were negative. 7. Highly significant correlations were confirmed between maturing ratio and sunshine hours of 31 to 50 days as well as 61 to 70 days after transplanting, and maturing ratio was highly correlated with accumulated hours of sunshine. Correlation between rice yield and hours of sunshine was significant at 51 to 60 days after transplanting.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.30-41
• /
• 2015

This study was prepared by varying the type of barley sikhye to promote the use of barley. to learn the quality characteristics of traditional beverage sikhye, sikhyes were made out of different kinds of barley such as amethyst barley, black naked barley, tetrastichum barley, tetrastichum waxy barley, naked barley and naked waxy barley. The result of the study is as following. Regarding the length/width ratio of barley grain, black naked barley was the biggest; while amethyst barley was the smallest. Moisture content of barley grain was in the range of 54.96~71.74%. The saccharification liquid pH was in the range of 5.40~5.63 and the soluble solid content was in the range of 15.37~18.73 brix %. The saccharification liquid of sikhye made of tetrastichum waxy barley had the highest soluble solid content; while the saccharification liquid of sikhye made of black naked barley had the lowest soluble solid content. Reducing sugar was in the range of 4.35~7.42 mg/ 100 g; at which tetrastichum waxy barley sikhye had the highest reducing sugar while black naked barley sikhye had the lowest reducing sugar. The result of reducing sugar was similar to the result of soluble solid content. Black naked barley had low Lightness, redness and yellowness in its cooked rice grain and saccharification liquid. The result of barley sikhye characteristics was as following. Black naked barley had the strongest fullness while tetrastichum waxy barley had the weakest fullness. Black naked barley had strong feeling after swallowing the barley rice grain; while tetrastichum waxy barley had weak feeling after swallowing the barley rice grain. The result of feeling after swallowing the barley rice grain had correlation with fullness. The result of preference test was as following. naked waxy barley sikhye and naked barley sikhye had best outlook. In the smell, amethyst barley sikhye was the best. regarding texture, naked barley sikhye and naked waxy barley sikhye had high preference. In overall preference, naked barley sikhye was the best. Like above, there were differences in quality in sikhyes dependent on the variety of barley. In particular, tetrastichum waxy barley and naked barley will be able to increase the amount of sweetness without malt production during sikhye.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.89-108
• /
• 1980

Comparative studies on the parafollicular cells of the some mammalian species from five different orders were carried out; i.e., man from Primates, cattle, pig, and black goat from Artiodactyla, dog from Carnivora, rabbit from Lagomorpha, rat, mouse, and squirrel from Rodentia. For this study, various special techniques for the parafollicular cells, including Grimelius' silver impregnation method (Sawicki and Bajko, 1974), Singh's argentaffin method (Singh, 1964), HCl-toluidine blue stain (Sawicki, 1971), and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain (Solcia et al., 1969), were applied. Authors obtained the following results: 1. Number of parafollicular cells in the same area of thyroid tissues are significantly different from species to species. Number of cells were largest in dog and less cells were found in the following orders; rat, squirrel, mouse, rabbit, cattle, pig, black goat and finally the smallest number in man. 2. Distribution of parafollicular cells within thyroid gland are significantly different from portion to portion in case of cattle, rabbit, squirrel and mouse, but it is not significant in dog, man, pig, black goat and rat (see Table 1-1 and 1-2). 3. In dog, clustered parafollicular cells are located usually in the interfollicular space, and groups of parafollicular cells are located in the para-and/or inter-follicular positions in rabbit. But in the other animals parafollicular cells are found solitarily in the intra-and/or para-follicular positions. 4. The shape of parafollicular cells shows oval to round contour in dog, but it is polymorphic, for example, spindle, conical, oval, round or elongated with cytoplasmic processes, in the other animals. 5. Size of parafollicular cells is larger in cattle, dog and pig, smaller in rat, mouse and squirrel, and medium-size in rabbit, man and black goat. 6. Parafollicular cells of pig, cattle, dog and squirrel are observed to contain densely packed granules, whereas those of mouse, rat and man contain relatively scanty granules. 7. Parafollicular cells of all the mammals show more or less positive reaction to Grimelius' argyrophile silver impregnation method, HCl-toluidine blue stain and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain, whereas they show negative reaction to argentaffin method (see Table 2). 8. Considering the above finding, it is concluded that there are species differences in the distribution, location and shape of parafollicular cells, and infer that preferable staining method should be selected for reliable detection of parafollicular cells, beacuse staining methods applied on the cells in this study show variable reactions according to species.