• Title/Summary/Keyword: small-sized and vulnerable facilities

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The Reinforcement Plan of Safety Management for the Small-sized Facility (소규모 시설물의 안전관리 강화방안)

  • Jung, In Su
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2014
  • While large-sized facilities (type I II) have been managed systematically after the establishment of the Special Law for Safety Management on Facility, the management of small-sized facilities is relatively poor. The small-sized facilities have been managed by The Basic Law for Disaster and Safety Management, however, it is hard to manage them systematically as related standards are not established. Therefore, this study proposed the management plans for including the facilities such as some road tunnels and utility tunnels, which have the definite manager and a high possibility to harm the public, into type I and II facilities. In addition, it proposed the reinforcement plans of safety management for small-sized and vulnerable facilities such as breast wall and cut slopes, traditional markets and pedestrian bridges, which are fundamental facilities closely related to people's life, although a budget and a man-power are not enough.

A Study on the Intensive Safety Management Items of Small-Sized Construction Sites (소규모 건축공사 중점안전관리항목에 관한 연구)

  • Go, Seong-Seok;Song, Do-Heom;Jang, Yun-Ra
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2013
  • Almost accidents in construction sites are occurred by unsafe work conditions and failure making safe environment. As recent construction projects become more complex, various and diversified, So the potential of construction-related accidents is increased as well. Comparing the frequency of construction-related accidents in large-sized construction sites, small-sized construction sites are more vulnerable because of lack of workforce and less effective technology system. Furthermore, the absence of safety committee, poor financial condition leads to lack of safety education, installation of safety facilities, and provision of individual protective equipment, which indicates difficulties handling even basic safety management. Therefore, in order to lower the hazard rate at small-Sized construction sites, it is necessary to proceed with more structural and thorough actions for preventing accidents. In other words, it is necessary to analyze the causes of the accidents at small-sized construction sites, set criteria for safety management, and suggest safety management items according to work classification by evaluating the relative importance of the items.

Basic Study for Securing Stable Water Resources in Coastal Area (해안지역 안정적 수자원 확보를 위한 기초적 연구)

  • Koh, Byoung-Ryoun;Oh, Young-Hun;Ahn, Seung-Seop
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.1977-1985
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    • 2014
  • Many countries around the world are amplifying interest and studies on irrigation, flood control and environment with concern on serious water problems. Especially for irrigation in water supply vulnerable areas such as coastal areas - islands, business on underwater resource security facilities are promoted to secure stable water resources due to development of society and increase of life quality. Also, various policies such as reuse of leaking underwater, utilization of underwater at waterfront, and artificial recharge, etc are planned and designed. In order to develop small sized underwater resource secure technology, verification of seawater-freshwater interface is executed and how the balance between these will develop is a great interest of coastal areas - islands. In this study, seawater-freshwater interface behavior analysis experiment was conducted while reflecting properties of coastal areas - islands and executed hydraulic similitude of saltwater intrusion form control technology on abstraction.

A Study on Application Methodology of SPDL Based on IEC 62443 Applicable to SME Environment (중소기업환경에서 적용 가능한 IEC 62443 기반의 개발 보안 생애주기 프로세스 적용 방안 연구)

  • Jin, Jung Ha;Park, SangSeon;Kim, Jun Tae;Han, Keunhee
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.193-204
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    • 2022
  • In a smart factory environment in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) environment, sensors and actuators operating on actual manufacturing lines, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to manage them, human-machine interface (HMI) to control and manage such PLCs, and consists of operational technology server to manage PLCs and HMI again. PLC and HMI, which are in charge of control automation, perform direct connection with OT servers, application systems for factory operation, robots for on-site automation, and production facilities, so the development of security technology in a smart factory environment is demanded. However, smart factories in the SME environment are often composed of systems that used to operate in closed environments in the past, so there exist a vulnerable part to security in the current environment where they operate in conjunction with the outside through the Internet. In order to achieve the internalization of smart factory security in this SME environment, it is necessary to establish a process according to the IEC 62443-4-1 Secure Product Development Life cycle at the stage of smart factory SW and HW development. In addition, it is necessary to introduce a suitable development methodology that considers IEC 62443-4-2 Component security requirements and IEC 62443-3 System security requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes an application plan for the IEC 62443 based development security process to provide security internalization to smart factories in an SME environment.

CVD-related Knowledge, Perception, Belief and Prevention Behaviors of Korean Blue-collar Workers: Needs Assessment for Developing the Intervention Program through Qualitative Approach (한국 생산직 근로자들의 심혈관질환 관련 지식, 인식, 신념 및 예방행위: 내용분석을 통한 심혈관질환 위험 감소 중재 프로그램 개발을 위한 요구사정)

  • Hwang, Won Ju;Park, Yunhee
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.362-372
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: This study intended to grasp real context of Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related factors of Korean blue-collar workers, especially CVD-related knowledge, perception, beliefs, benefits and barriers of behaviors according to the health belief model. Methods: We interviewed twenty two workers working in two small-sized companies and performed two series of focus group interviews. Data were analyzed by deductive content analysis approach based on Elo & $Kyng{\ddot{a}}s$. Results: Excepting participants who have CVD risk factors, most participants had lower level of CVD risk perception. The level of CVD knowledge was low but there was difference by gender. CVD-related beliefs were 'fatal disease', 'caused by lifestyle' and 'difficult to prevent by themselves'. The risk reduction behaviors were motivated by current or family history of hypertension. But there were barriers to interfere practice of preventive behaviors such as poor quality of food provided by cafeteria in the workplace, frequent overtime, victim mentality as one of vulnerable social group, housework and financial burden, lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace. Conclusion: To develop intervention for reducing CVD risks in Korean blue-collar workers, we need to focus on improving CVD knowledge and perception and modifying work-related environments such as low quality of food and lack of facilities for rest and physical activity in the workplace.

Geospatial Analysis for Oriental Medical Services of Jinju (진주시 한의원 의료서비스 공간특성분석)

  • Kim, Mi Song;Yoo, Hwan Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2014
  • In keeping with the increasing demand for medical services in accordance with the economic development, the use of oriental medicine is on the rise year by year. In particular, it is a tendency that the elderly over age 65 prefer the oriental medicine to the western medicine in Korea. Under the circumstance, changing into an aging society, the importance of oriental medical services has been growing. In this regard, this study evaluated the quality of medical services by conducting the density analysis and the accessibility analysis of oriental medical clinic targeting Jinju, which is one of local small and medium-sized cities. The study results reveal that oriental medical hospitals accounted for 27% of the entire medical facilities in Jinju, and there was an imbalance in the quality of the oriental medical services according to districts(called dong) because oriental medical hospitals were mainly concentrated in the central commercial areas. In particular, in terms of the analysis on the accessibility of an aging population over age 65 to the oriental medical hospitals, over 50% of the whole districts (dongs) in Jinju were blind spots in medical services, showing a very vulnerable condition. Accordingly, it is judged that systematic measures for improvement in support of the oriental medical services in local small and medium-sized cities should be provided in Korea when we consider the characteristics of Korea where an aging population is rapidly increasing.

A Study on the Development, Performance and Reliability Certification for Fire Detection System in Outdoor Area (옥외형 화재경보시스템의 개발과 성능시험에 관한 연구)

  • Baek, Dong-Hyun;Ghil, Min-Sik
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.15-18
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    • 2013
  • This paper is concerned with the Performance and Reliability Certification for fire detection system in outdoor area such small and middle sized cultural assets, natural monument and outdoor facilities. Especially, if a fire were to occur in vulnerable area, it is difficulty to detect a fire. therefore we propose a high efficiency and low cost unmanned fire detection system in capable of an early detection regardless spontaneously fire or firebug. for Adoption of Intelligent Fire Detection System with movable and unmanned function breaking from the existing Conventional Fire Detection System, this Range of R&D includes the Performance test, Function test, Field test, Flame Detection test and EMI/EMS Compliance test. the Result data of Performance test, Function test and Field test is generally good during 3 months. also we checked that thermal variation test and EMI/EMS compliance test are good result data within allowable range. As a result of general test, we verified improvement results that the measure distance of fire detection extend 75 m, the Power of waiting time increase 4 hours, the Power of operation time increase 3 days and the context awareness with video as well as sensors.

A Study on the Structural Reinforcement of the Modified Caisson Floating Dock (개조된 케이슨 플로팅 도크의 구조 보강에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Hong-Jo;Seo, Kwang-Cheol;Park, Joo-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.172-178
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    • 2021
  • In the ship repair market, interest in maintenance and repair is steadily increasing due to the reinforcement of prevention of environmental pollution caused by ships and the reinforcement of safety standards for ship structures. By reflecting this effect, the number of requests for repairs by foreign shipping companies increases to repair shipbuilders in the Southwest Sea. However, because most of the repair shipbuilders in the southwestern area are small and medium-sized companies, it is difficult to lead to the integrated synergy effect of the repair shipbuilding companies. Moreover, the infrastructure is not integrated; hence, using the infrastructure jointly is a challenge, which acts as an obstacle to the activation of the repair shipbuilding industry. Floating docks are indispensable to operating the repair shipbuilding business; in addition, most of them are operated through renovation/repair after importing aging caisson docks from overseas. However, their service life is more than 30 years; additionally, there is no structure inspection standard. Therefore, it is vulnerable to the safety field. In this study, the finite element analysis program of ANSYS was used to evaluate the structural safety of the modified caisson dock and obtain additional structural reinforcement schemes to solve the derived problems. For the floating docks, there are classification regulations; however, concerning structural strength, the regulations are insufficient, and the applicability is inferior. These insufficient evaluation areas were supplemented through a detailed structural FE-analysis. The reinforcement plan was decided by reinforcing the pontoon deck and reinforcement of the side tank, considering the characteristics of the repair shipyard condition. The final plan was selected to reinforce the side wing tank through the structural analysis of the decision; in addition, the actual structure was fabricated to reflect the reinforcement plan. Our results can be used as reference data for improving the structural strength of similar facilities; we believe that the optimal solution can be found quickly if this method is used during renovation/repair.

A study on the improvement of distribution system by overseas agricultural investment (해외농업투자에 따른 유통체계 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Il-Suck;Lee, Dong-Ok
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • Recently concerns have been raised due to the unbalanced supply of crops: the price of crops has been unstable and at one point the price went up so high that the word Agflation(agriculture+ inflation) was coined. Korea, in particular, is a small-sized country and needs to secure the stable supply of crops by investing in the produce importation at a national level. Investment in foreign produce importation is becoming more important as a measure for sufficient supply of crops, limited supply of domestic crops, weakened farming conditions worldwide, as well as recent changes in the use of crops due to the development of bio-fuels, influence of carbon emission on crops, the price increase in crops, and influx of foreign hot money. However, there are many problems with investing in foreign produce importation: lack of support from the government; lack of farming information and technology; difficulty in securing the capital; no immediate pay-off from the investment and insufficient management. Although foreign produce is originally more price-competitive than domestic produce, it loses its competiveness in the process of importation (due to high tariffs) and poor distribution system, which makes it difficult to sell in Korea. Therefore, investment in foreign produce importation is being questioned for feasibility; to make it possible, foreign produce must maintain the price-competitiveness. Especially, harvest of agricultural products depends on natural and geographical conditions of each country and those products have indigenous properties, so distribution system according to import and export of agricultural products should be treated more carefully than that of other industries. Distribution costs are differentiated into each item and include cost of sorting and wrapping, cost of wrapping materials, cost of domestic transport, cost of international transport and cost of clearing customs for import and export. So transporting and storing agricultural products generates considerable costs compared with other products. Also, due to upgrade of dietary life, needs for stability, taste and visible quality toward food including agricultural products are being raised and wrong way of storage causes decomposition of food and loss of freshness, making the storage more difficult than that in room temperature, so storage and transport in distribution of agricultural products needs specialty. In addition, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. However, existing distribution system of agricultural products is exposed to various problems including problems in distribution channel, making distribution and strategy for distribution and those problems are as follows. First, in case of investment in overseas agricultural industry, stable supply of the products is difficult because areas of production are dispersed widely and influenced by outer factors due to including overseas distribution channels. Also, at the aspect of quality, standardization of products is difficult, distribution system is quite complicated and unreasonable due to long distribution channels according to international trade and financial and institutional support is not enough. Especially, there are quite a lot of ineffective factors including multi level distribution process, dramatic gap between production cost and customer's cost, lack of physical distribution facilities and difficulties in storage and transport due to lack of wrapping containers. Besides, because import and export of agricultural products has been manages under the company's own distribution according to transaction contract between manufacturers and exporting company, efficiency is low due to excessive investment in fixed costs and lack of specialty in dealing with agricultural products causes fall of value of products, showing the limit to lose price-competitiveness. Especially, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. Second, among tangible and intangible services which promote the efficiency of the whole distribution, a function building distribution environment which includes distribution information, system for standard and inspection, distribution finance, system for diversification of risks, education and training, distribution administration and tax system is wanted. In general, such a function building distribution environment is difficult to be changed and supplement innovatively because its effect compared with investment does not appear immediately despite of its necessity. Especially, in case of distribution of agricultural products, as a function of collecting and distributing is performed individually through various channels, the importance of distribution information and standardization is getting more focus due to the problem of repetition of work and lack of specialty. Also, efficient management of distribution is quite difficult due to lack of professionals in distribution, so support to professional education is needed. Third, though effort to keep self-sufficiency ratio of staple food, rice is regarded as important at the government level, level of dependency on overseas of others crops is high. Therefore, plan for stable securing food resources aside from staple food is also necessary. Especially, governmental organizations of agricultural products distribution in Korea are production-centered and have unreasonable structure whose function at the aspect of distribution and consumption is quite insufficient. And development of new distribution channels which can deal with changes in distribution environment and they do not achieve actual results of strategy for distribution due to non-positive strategy for price distribution. That is, it implies the possibility that base for supply will become vulnerable because it does not mediate appropriate interests on total distribution channels such as manufacturers, wholesale dealers and vendors by emphasizing consumer protection excessively in the distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, this study examined fundamental concept and actual situation for our investment to overseas agriculture, drew necessities, considerations, problems, etc. of overseas agricultural investment and suggested improvements at the level of distribution for price competitiveness of agricultural products cultivated in overseas under five aspects; government's indirect support, distribution's modernization and distribution information function's strengthening, government's political support for distribution facility, transportation route, load and unloading works' improvement, price competitiveness' securing, professional manpower's cultivation by education and training, etc. Here are some suggestions for foreign produce importation. First, the government should conduct a survey on the current distribution channels and analyze the situation to establish a measure for long-term development plans. By providing each agricultural area with a guideline for planning appropriate production of crops, the government can help farmers be ready for importation, and prevent them from producing same crops all at the same time. Government can sign an MOU with the foreign government and promote the importation so that the development of agricultural resources can be stable and steady. Second, the government can establish a strategy for an effective distribution system by providing farmers and agriculture-related workers with the distribution information such as price, production, demand, market structure and location, feature of each crop, and etc. In order for such distribution system to become feasible, the government needs to reconstruct the current distribution system, designate a public organization for providing distribution information and set the criteria for level of produce quality, trade units, and package units. Third, the government should provide financial support and a policy to seek an efficient distribution channel for foreign produce to be delivered fresh: the government should expand distribution facilities (for selecting, packaging, storing, and processing) and transportation vehicles while modernizing old facilities. There should be another policy to improve the efficiency of unloading, and to lower the cost of distribution. Fourth, it is necessary to enact a new law covering exceptional cases for importing produce in order to maintain the price competitiveness; currently the high tariffs is keeping the imported produce from being distributed domestically. However, the new adjustment should be made carefully within the WTO regulations since it can create a problem from giving preferential tariffs. The government can also simplify the distribution channels in order to reduce the cost in the distribution process. Fifth, the government should educate distributors to raise the efficiency and to modernize the distribution system. It is necessary to develop human resources by educating people regarding the foreign agricultural environment, the produce quality, management skills, and by introducing some successful cases in advanced countries.

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