• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2013

Because of the importance of small target detection in infrared images, many studies have been carried out in this area. Using a Kalman filter and mean shift algorithm, this study proposes an algorithm to track multiple small moving targets even in cases of target disappearance and appearance in serial infrared images in an environment with many noises. Difference images, which highlight the background images estimated with a background estimation filter from the original images, have a relatively very bright value, which becomes a candidate target area. Multiple target tracking consists of a Kalman filter section (target position prediction) and candidate target classification section (target selection). The system removes error detection from the detection results of candidate targets in still images and associates targets in serial images. The final target detection locations were revised with the mean shift algorithm to have comparatively low tracking location errors and allow for continuous tracking with standard model updating. In the experiment with actual marine infrared serial images, the proposed system was compared with the Kalman filter method and mean shift algorithm. As a result, the proposed system recorded the lowest tracking location errors and ensured stable tracking with no tracking location diffusion.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2006

The resistance reduction by an air lubrication effect of a large air cavity covering the hull bottom surface and the similarity relations involved have been investigated with a series of towing tank tests of three geometrically similar models. The test results of geometrically similar models have indicated that a large air cavity was formed beneath the bottom having a backward-facing step by artificially supplying air is effective for resistance reduction. The areas of air cavity and the required flow rates of air are directly related to the effective wetted surface area. The traditional extrapolation methods seem to be applicable to the estimation of the resistance in the tested range if corrections are made to account the changes in the frictional resistance caused by the changes in the effective wetted surface area. To investigate the effectiveness of air lubrication in improving the resistance performance of a practical ship, a small test boat having a backward-facing step under its bottom has been manufactured and speed trials in a river have been performed. Air has been supplied artificially into the downstream region of the bottom step to form a large air cavity covering the bottom surface. The results have confirmed the practical applicability of air lubrication for the resistance reduction of a small high-speed boat.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.387-397
• /
• 2008

최근 공간통계를 이용한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있고 공간통계학을 접목한 소지역 추정(small area estimation) 방법이 좋은 결과를 주고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다 소지역 추정에 사용되는 격자자료(lattice data) 분석에서 이웃정보를 정의하는 것은 자료 분석의 성패를 결정짓는 매우 중요한 부분이다. 그러나 기존에 사용된 대부분의 이웃정보시스템은 경계선을 공유할 때 이웃으로 정하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 경계선 공유를 이용한 이웃정보시스템 뿐 아니라 다른 여러 이웃정보시스템을 구하는 방법을 설명하고 2001년 경제활동자료를 이용하여 이 시스템들을 비교하였다

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.1001-1012
• /
• 2016

대기오염물질이 인간의 건강에 악영향을 미치는 사실은 잘 알려져 있다. 유엔 환경 계획 (united nations environment program; UNEP) 보고서에 따르면, 미세먼지와 일산화탄소 오염물질로 연간 전 세계에서 430만 명이 목숨을 잃었다. 일산화탄소는 탄소와 산소로 구성된 화합물로 가정에서 생성되는 독성 가스 중 가장 위험한 가스이다. 연구를 위하여 2004년부터 2013년까지 10년간 대구 경북 지역의 대기오염관측소에서 관측된 1시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 평균 일산화탄소 농도 자료를 사용하였다. 일반화 극단치 분포의 모수는 최우추정법과 L-적률추정법을 통해 추정하였고 적합도 검정을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 표본 수가 크지 않으므로 L-적률추정법이 최대우도법에 비해 모수추정에 적합하였다. 또한, 5년, 10년, 20년, 40년 재현수준을 추정하여 대구 경북 지역 일산화탄소 위험지역을 살펴보았다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2006

Fitness center which was first introduced through hotel fitness has been disseminated into country over the years and these days it becomes a public sports facility that is available even in a small city. Fitness center usually requires a space more than 500 pyeong and even in a small fitness facility at least 200-300 pyung is in need. Also, complex structure including a space for preparing exercise and other subsidiary facility is necessary as well as various service areas to perform various exercise programs. In case of domestic fitness centers, however, proper standard and data required to compute the scale of each service area is not available due to the short of piling data. Therefore computing each space totally depends on an instinct decision of a designer or client, which may cause the fail of effective use of space. This paper aims to calculate appropriate use of space, that is, the over all space, equipment size, and movement line of each area as well as preference and frequence of use among areas is estimated in order to apply those data when computing appropriate estimation of scale.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2009

The aquaculture management considers the maintenance of households lifehood more than profit maximization. As aquaculture industry has developed enterprise farms appeared, and the small and the large scale farms coexist. The features of coexistence could be summarized as followings. First of all, the large scale farms show the higher net profit while the small scale farms show the higher profit per 1ha and the earning rate. Secondly, in the case of over 2ha, the earning rate is stable in spite of the scale expansion. Moreover, in processing method, dried seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the small scale farms while the raw seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the large scale farms. Lastly, the scale of farms becomes larger, the participation rate of household labor rises. This thesis analyses the efficiency of Korean seaweed farms in the way of DEA model and suggests the improvements for the efficiency management. The mean technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were measured to be 0.88, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Among the 20 farms included in the analysis, 10 were technically efficient and 12 were scale efficient. In conclusion, it is shown that the aquaculture farms has been becoming the form of coexistence. This appearance results in the effort for reducing the cost in the small scale farms and in profit maximization in the large scale farms. On the other hand, middle scale farms is inefficient compared with the small or large scale farms. Therefore, in order to achieve the efficiency, it is necessary to accomplish economy of scale by extending farm size or to cut expenses by reducing farm area. In other word, the efforts for achieving the efficiency is required in a different direction in spite of the same scale.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2009

Recently, small and medium-sized hospitals which are located in rural areas have many difficulties in securing high quality nurses. That is because working environments for nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas are poor compared with those of big hospitals in urban. As a result, the migration of nurses from small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas to big hospitals in urban is continuously happening. In general, big hospitals provide nurses with high level of salary and fringe benefits. To prevent the migration of nurses, chief executive officers of small & medium hospitals in rural areas have been interested in improving nurses' working conditions including wages. Also, they have raised nurses' salary and improved working conditions. But, basically these individualized efforts have some limit. In connection with this, medical interest groups have produced various voices in terms of interpretation and solutions for these issues. However, from the future perspectives, it seems evident that two approaches for both manpower supply and demand plans of nurses are necessary. They should contain not only accurate estimation of the supply-demand of nursing manpower but also the improvement of working conditions and wages of nurses. Estimation of nursing manpower supply-demand depends on the standards and criteria being used. Supply and demand may be met or not in accordance with the points emphasized on the decision. In the articles, issues regarding nursing manpower, levels of salary, other working conditions and social support system for child care are discussed. According to Joe's report (2005), most health institutions did not meet the guidelines of nurse staffing in Medical Law. The wages of nurse vary on every hospital and there is a big difference in wages' range. The average starting salary for a nurse is 22 million won a year. In case of tertiary hospitals, it reaches up to 30 million won a year. Nurse as a profession should have a strong responsibility and should take care of the patients for 24 hours with three working shifts. Also, most of them are female who have the burden of child rearing. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the salary, to provide comfortable working conditions, and to have social support system for nurses with household affairs.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 1995

난지도 매립장의 기저침출수위 분포와 그 주변지역의 지하수위 분포를 추정하기 위해 복합크리깅을 이용하였다. 지하수위 분포는 지형의 변화와 밀접한 관련을 갖고 있어서 지형의 변화가 큰 지역에서 지하수위 분포를 추정할 때에는 지형의 표고 자료도 함께 사용하는 것이 더 좋은 결과를 만들어 낸다. 본 연구에서는 87개의 지하수위 자료와 144개의 표고자료에 대한 반베리오그램을 구하고, 그것의 적합한 모델을 교차타당성 조사에 의해 선정한 후 복합크리깅과 정규크리깅을 이용하여 지하수위 분포도 만들었다. 2개의 지하수위 등고선도를 비교해보면 지하수위 자료가 많이 확보된 매립장내에서는 큰 차이가 없으나, 지하수위 표본자료가 부족하고 지형의 변화가 큰 지역(등고선도의 좌상단 구역)과 지하수위 표본자료가 부족한 한강 인접지역에서 끈 차이를 보인다. 이 구역들에서 지형의 표고를 고려해볼 때,복합크리깅에 의한 지하수위 등고선도가 정규크리깅에 의한 지하수위 등고선보다 더 실제에 가까운 것으로 사료된다.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2021

국내 소규모 가구가 점차적으로 증가함에 따라 소규모 가구를 위한 주거공급 정책에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 중요성에 따라 정부에서는 소규모 가구를 위한 도시형 생활주택을 지속적으로 공급해오고 있다. 도시형 생활주택은 공동주택, 일반 업무시설과 동일하게 분양 및 임대 사업이므로 발주자는 프로젝트 기획단계에서 적정공사기간을 산정하는 것은 중요하다. 그러나, 선행연구에서는 대규모 건축물의 공사기간을 산정할 수 있는 모델이 존재하나 도시형 생활주택과 같은 소규모 건축물에 대한 적정 공사기간 산정 모델은 부재한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기획단계에서 발주자가 적정 공사기간을 산정할 수 있는 다중 회귀분석 기반 도시형 생활주택의 공사기간 산정 모델을 개발 및 검증하는 것이다. 개발된 모델에 입력되는 독립변수는 연면적, 수도권, 지하층수, 지상층수, 주 건축물 수, 강원권의 총 6개이며, 개발된 모델의 수정된 결정계수(R_a²)는 0.547로 분석되었다. 개발된 모델의 성능은 RMSE의 경우 171.26일, MAPE의 경우 26.53%로 도출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 모델은 발주자에게 신뢰성 있는 공사기간 산정 결과를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2014

Riparian areas are significant functional grounds for inhabiting ecological system on the river such as the self-regulation of the water quality and the foundation of important corridors. For such functional device to operate, consecutive land purchase scheme that prioritizes targeted areas with high pollutant load rate imposes sustainable development of the ecological riparian belt. The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the methodology for selecting land purchse order before establishing riparian belt in accordance with pollution loading estimation and the basin approach. The Yeongsan and Seomjin river which includes targeted areas of the land purchase have been classified into the large-medium-small(standard basin) influence areas based on their catchment rage, which than sub-divided the research area of Juam lake by 38 small basins and 223 units. Small basins with the high pollution load rates have been assessed as the first prioritized targets. For the second priority, the condition of the point pollutant sources, original area of the targets, original restored area were concerned. The final decision of the land purchase order targeted only those within 50 meter range from the basin. To validate the accumulated data, the on-site investigation went along the targeted zones, which the result shows that all prioritized areas included both point and non-point pollutant sources, and had not a small originally restored areas.