• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.365-374
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• 2021

Environmental concern has become the focus of various studies, academic research, company policies, and government policies. A business sector, which has seen a high level of urgency in environmental empowerment are small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These are an economic sector, which is imbedded in society and has become one of the largest economic sectors in Indonesia. Therefore, this study analyzes the relationship between green human resource management (GHRM), workplace green behavior (WGB) and green innovation (GI), and increasing firm performance (FP). This study is using quantitative research methods. The data is obtained through distributing questionnaires to 180 culinary SMEs employees from cafes and modern food restaurant in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), Indonesia. The data is then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart-PLS. The results of this study show that GHRM has significant positive effect on workplace green behavior and firm performance, while workplace green behavior also has significant positive effect on green innovation and firm performance. In addition, green innovation has significant positive effect on firm performance. This study contributes to provide and extends the literature related to building green SMEs, which is empirically demonstrated to be able to improve company performance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1036-1041
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• 1999

Background: To know the clinical aspects of varicose vein and the effectiveness of operative treatment, the patients who had been operated during the five and a half years were reviewed. Material and Method: From September 1993 to February 1999, 227 patients with varicose vein were operated upon. These patients were reviewed with history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, operation and follow up visits at an out patient department. Result: The ages of the patients were from 20 to 69 years, mean 40.2 years. varicose veins. Occupations of the patients include housewives, store or factory owners, cooks, waiter or waitresses in a restaurant, salary men(women), teachers, hair stylists, professional athletes, in sequence, most of them require standing all day long. The 126 women had experienced child birth, among them 116 patients delivered more than 2 babies. All patients had protruding leg veins as the symptom. Most of them(61%) had pain. Other additional symptoms were heaviness, heatness, tingling, cramp, fatigue, etc. 68.3% of the patients had the symptoms for more than 10 years. Anatomical location of varicose vein was in long saphenous vein in 157 patients, in small saphenous vein in 27, and in other regions(combined or perforating vein) in 43 patients. There was no operative mortality. There were 2 patients who underwent reoperation due to recurrence during this study period. In one patient, it recurred in the distal perforating vein in small saphenous vein. The other patient had recurrence at the saphenofemoral junction in groin. The patients are doing well after the reoperation, but a long term observation is needed. Conclusion: Clinical aspects of varicose vein were reviewed. For the patients with varicose vein who had saphenofemoral regurgitation, operative treatment seemed to bea safe and effective modality of treatment.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

In this study, we further study the customer's positive emotion about the impact of different inherent service climate on the emotions and satisfaction of the customers who receive the service. Through this, the purpose was to present the direction of creating a service climate. As a research method, structural equation statistical analysis, such as measurement model analysis and structural model analysis, was performed using SmartPLS (v.3.2) for data collected in surveys. Looking at the research results, first, a company's service climate has a positive (+) impact on positive customer emotions: pleasure, pleasure, and happiness. This can be interpreted as an indication that creating a business climate for service is an important factor that elicits positive emotions from customers. Second, a company's service climate and positive customer emotion also have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Finally, when a company's service climate affects customer satisfaction, happiness has the greatest mediating effect among several parameters. This demonstrated empirically that satisfying the happy feelings of customers is the most important of the company's service climate. Since this study is aimed at a small number of restaurant companies, there is a limit to generalizing the findings and applying them to all restaurant companies. Nevertheless, it is meaningful to study the emotions of positive customers when the service climate affects customer satisfaction, and we hope that the company's analysis of service climate will continue to improve customer satisfaction through various emotional analysis as well as positive factors.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-16
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• 2018

Purpose - Turnover Intention in the franchise industry is becoming a very important issue. This study examines the structural relationships between organizational justice, emotion, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the franchise industry. In this model, emotion was classified into two sub-dimensions such as positive and negative emotion. Research design, data, methodology - The sample of this study collected from employees of a food-service franchise company is representative. Copies of the questionnaire along with a cover letter were delivered by a research assistant to the human resources manager or the general manager of the selected food-service franchise firms after they agreed to participate in the study. In order to increase the response rate of the respondents, a small gift was provided to the respondents who completed the questionnaire. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 285 returned responses, 9 responses were not usable due to missing information. Thus, a total of 276 responses were used using structural equation modeling with Smartpls 3.0. Results - The results showed that organizational justice had positive significant effects on positive emotion and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had negative a significant effect on turnover intention. And negative emotion had positive significant effect on turnover intention. Conclusions - The results of this study provide some implications. If employees feel that the franchise headquarters is fair about the methods and procedures of decision making, resource allocation, information sharing, etc., it means that employees feel better. If the franchise's decision-making processes and methods and results are transparently disclosed and processed in accordance with the internal rules of the company, the employees will be able to fully understand and accept them. The results of this study also show that positive and negative emotions of service-based franchise employees have different effects on job attitude and organizational behavior. In particular, when negative emotions of employees are passed on to others and the results are negative, employees may feel that they are disoriented or wrong. Therefore, the franchise headquarters should try to inspire employees' sense of organizational community, and should pay attention to how to relieve the job stress and the fair distribution of work and rewards.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

The paper addresses the introduction of outsourcing of delivery service for the small service industries such as delivery based restaurant in order to increase the profit and revenue of the service company, upgrade the delivery satisfaction for the customers, and expand the welfare of the senior people through the work. The chinese restaurants are selected as model service companies, outsourcing of delivery services are suggested for those restaurants and simulation models are developed for all operation systems for them. Some of input data for the simulation are collected from the real world and others are refined through the interview with the field workers. 6 scenarios are established considering the number of deliverers and delivery charges and simulation experiments for each scenario have been done according to the 3 kind of situations of the service companies. The results show that introduction of outsourcing increases the revenue and profit of the service company, decreases the service time for the customers and increases the revenue of the delivery outsourcing company employing the senior people. So delivery outsourcing for the service industries can be considered as a good solution for the welfare problem of the senior people.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2012

This study is in the purpose for the revitalization of traditional market as comparing to the relevancy between the central characteristics of a floating population going around for buying something or eating food and lots of small-sized businesses comprising of the commercial districts. The several traditional markets such as Cheonan station, Dujeong-dong, Sinbu-dong in Cheon-An city has been investigated repeatedly almost every two or three years by the Small Enterprise development Agency(SEDA) since 2001. By analyzing the raw data of those commercial districts made by SEDA, we can calculate the number of firms andthe ratio of business type of each commercial districts. In this research, the type of each business is classified into four groups such as restaurant, service, retail and the rest. Moreover, the central character of the floating population is derived from the raw data, which means the customer information about sex, age structure or the most populous time zones. From these characteristics, one commercial districts has his own specific features distinguishing from the others. The most important differences of past researches are firstly the dynamic viewpoint rather than a static one. Secondly it suggests that the relation between the central characteristics of districts and the floating population would exist. Lastly, it suggests that the interaction between both of them have a significant effect on the growth or decline of the districts and the rates of business type, other adjacent commercial districts as well. Eventually, this study provides several meaningful points for the revitalization of commercial districts to government or stakeholder such as management organization, business owners and new starter etc.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual size of tables and chairs in small restaurants. The examined objets were 48 restaurants serving flour-based, korean style and japanese style meals. Those restaurants are currently being operated at six universities in Seoul, and their sizes are limited under $66m^2$. The results of this study were as follows ; 1 . In small restaurants, the size of the seat for one person is $0.346m^2$on the average. The range of the size starts from $0.285m^2$to $0.403m^2$, showing a great difference. 2. The most common size of tables in small restaurants is the oblong style of $600{\times}900$ for four people. The smallest size is $440{\times}710$, while the biggest one is $700{\times}1000$, showing a great number of variation. If the most common size of tables is set to be the general size of tables in small restaurants, it will be $600{\times}900$. 3. The sizes of the seats for chairs used in small restaurants start from $270{\times}270$ to $430{\times}430$. The most common size of the seats for chairs is $400{\times}400$, only showing a small number. For the cases of tables with the most common size of $600{\times}900$, the width of the seats for chairs should be under 400. 4. For the height between the table and the seats of the chair, the distance from 270 to 300 is relevant. However, according to the results of the investigation, it seems that there are more cases of the distance from 250 to 260 than that from 270 to 300.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 1992

In this report, we investigated meal patterns by area, age, profession from the data of the Korean National Nutrition Survey which had been carried out in 1989. The proportion of home prepared meal was about 90% at breakfast and dinner, and 46.3% at lunch. People had meals outside of home mainly at lunch(31.1%), and usually ate restaurant meal(17.7%). The proportion of meal skipped was 7.1% at breakfast, 3.9% at lunch, and 1.2% at dinner. At large city, 10.3% of people skipped breakfast, it was the highest proportion among three areas(large city, small city, and rural area). Also, the proportion of meal outside of homes was the highest among all areas. In rural area, home prepared meal was prevalent for all meals. Among all age groups, people between 20 and 49 ate out most frequently. For people between age 16 and 19, meal skipping was frequent for breakfast and dinner, especially, 20.5% of girl skipped breakfast. At lunch, the proportion of meal skipping was the highest in age higher than 50 groups. Among all professions, people in service job skipped lunch and dinner at the highest proportion. Manager and deskworker skipped breakfast by 12.9% and they ate out at lunch by 82.5%.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2007

Since the 1980's, despite the conclusion of a number of studies in Western countries focusing upon weight maintenance there has been no similar research in Korea which takes into account the contrasts of culture and eating habits between east and west. In order to identify eating, snacking and exercise behaviors, 24 female university students who have maintained weight for at least a year were enrolled fur an 11 day study. Participants were required to sign into the program and complete the questionnaire, answering questions by concerning what they ate and did everyday. After excluding unanswered questions, data over 11 days were exported into the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, then both ANOVA and Kendall's tau correlation were applied with SPSS. 75% of weight maintainers had normal BMI (18-23.5) in relation to Korean standard, and appeared to eat a main meal smaller than moderate in portion size. Only two days showed that amount of breakfast eaten negatively correlated with lunch (p < 0.05), while no correlations between amounts of lunch and dinner eaten over all study period. Compared with breakfast or lunch, dinner was usually larger in portion size, but some variables such as TV viewing, restaurant meals, number of people at dinner table seemed not correlated with amount of dinner eaten. In addition, the weight-maintainers reported they rarely consumed snacks or sweetened beverages. Unlike their western counterparts, ffw participants reported that they took part in regular exercise during the day, which may lead us to the conclusion that these young female weight maintainers seem to maintain their weight with eating behaviours such as 'eat small portion', 'avoid snacking' and 'avoid soft drinks' rather than doing regular exercise. The study did not include a control group, and was foreshortened due to technical difficulties so it may be necessary to repeat the study while considering these two points.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

According to the statistics released by Ministry of Public Safety and Security, the number of restaurant fires in Korea reached around 2,400 and 169 damages of human life and damages to property was approximately over $8.8 billion for recent 3 years. It could be desirable having automatic commercial fire-extinguishing equipment at commercial facilities excluding housing facilities for the safety, applying at the place first where it has been more risky and expected fire can be occurred relatively because economical burden can be accelerated. In order to do this, adjust its level to meet the same level of the kitchen for 'Specific Target for Fire Fighting' that "gas leak alarm" has be equipped relevant regulations and it is considered and reasonable to expand the limit of application gradually.