• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of organic and inorganic dietary trace minerals on broiler performance and trace mineral digestibility along the small intestine of 35-day-old broiler chickens reared under floor-pen conditions. Eight hundred male, day-old Cobb broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (25 birds per pen with 8 replicates per treatment). Broilers fed diets supplemented with 4, 20, 40 and 30 mg/kg, respectively, of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from organic chelates and inorganic salts achieved the same body weight gain as those supplemented at the NRC levels (8 mg Cu, 40 mg Fe, 60 mg Mn and 40 mg Zn/kg, respectively) from inorganic salts. However, birds fed a control diet without any supplementation at dietary levels of 7.4-8.8, 60.1-69.2, 14.6-15.4 and 19.1-20.6 mg/kg of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively, had decreased feed intake and growth rate. There was no significant difference in the digestibility of Cu in all regions of the small intestine. Throughout the small intestine the apparent absorption of Mn from both organic and inorganic sources was small, whereas the digestibility of Zn seemed to be more complex, exhibiting differences in the apparent absorption due to both mineral source and intestinal site. Therefore, the digestibility of organic Zn was improved (p<0.01) in the ileum compared to inorganic Zn. The digestibility of Zn in the duodenum was smaller (p<0.05) than that in the ileum.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2008

In this paper, experiments with an air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for mobile devices were carried out according to cathode conditions. These conditions are defined by the cathode flow field plate type (the channel type, the open type) and the cathode surface direction. Single-cell and 6-cell stack were used in the experiments. The experimental results showed that the open-type cathode flow field plate gave a better performance than the small channel type. In the experiments related to the direction of the slits on the cathode flow field plate, the horizontal slit cell was better than the vertical one. With respect to the cathode surface direction, when the cathode surface is placed in the direction normal to the ground, the PEMFC generated more stable power in the mass transport loss region. Since stable power in the mass transport region is closely related to the air supply, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for air-breathing PEMFC of different cathode surface directions was performed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to determine whether combined treatment with prokinetic trimebutine and mosapride has a synergic effect on gastrointestinal motility and visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. To develop effective gastroprokinetic agents with greater potencies than trimebutine or mosapride for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disease, a mixture of trimebutine and mosapride was designed and prepared. In the present study, treatment with trimebutine alone showed a dose-dependent effect on propelling movements of normal small and large intestine in mice, whereas mosapride effected only small intestine motility. Co-administration of trimebutine with mosapride, a well-established prokinetic drug, produced a synergistic influence on normal small intestine motility, but demonstrated an unclear effect on large intestine motility, with a slight tendency to reduce the propelling time. In a stress model, the small and large intestine motilities were significantly decreased. The reduction of intestine motility was restored to a normal level and the restoring effect was more pronounced in the combined treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride than treatment with trimebutine or mosapride alone. Furthermore, treatment with trimebutine plus mosapride significantly decreased acute visceral pain which was not controlled by trimebutine or mosapride alone. These data suggest that combination therapy with trimebutine plus mosapride has a synergic effect on small and large intestine motility and visceral pain control in gastrointestinal disorders.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2008

The effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on pacemaker currents in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse small intestine were investigated using the whole-cell patch clamp technique at $30^{\circ}C$. Under voltage clamping at a holding potential of -70 mV, CGRP decreased the amplitude and frequency of pacemaker currents and activated outward resting currents. These effects were blocked by intracellular $GDP{\beta}S$, a G-protein inhibitor and glibenclamide, a specific ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels blocker. During current clamping, CGRP hyperpolarized the membrane and this effect was antagonized by glibenclamide. Pretreatment with SQ-22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) or naproxen (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) did not block the CGRP-induced effects, whereas pretreatment with ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) or L-NAME (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) did. In conclusion, CGRP inhibits pacemaker currents in ICC by generating nitric oxide via G-protein activation and so activating ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels. Nitric oxide- and guanylate cyclase-dependent pathways are involved in these effects.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.983-994
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• 2021

Objective : The effectiveness of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) in the treatment of brain metastases is well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maximizing the radiation dose in GKR and the factors influencing tumor control in cases of small and medium-sized brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods : We analyzed 230 metastatic brain tumors less than 5 mL in volume in 146 patients with NSCLC who underwent GKR. The patients had no previous radiation therapy for brain metastases. The pathologies of the tumors were adenocarcinoma (n=207), squamous cell carcinoma (n=18), and others (n=5). The radiation doses were classified as 18, 20, 22, and 24 Gy, and based on the tumor volume, the tumors were categorized as follows : small-sized (less than 1 mL) and medium-sized (1-3 and 3-5 mL). The progression-free survival (PFS) of the individual 230 tumors and 146 brain metastases was evaluated after GKR depending on the pathology, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score (PS), tumor volume, radiation dose, and anti-cancer regimens. The radiotoxicity after GKR was also evaluated. Results : After GKR, the restricted mean PFS of individual 230 tumors at 24 months was 15.6 months (14.0-17.1). In small-sized tumors, as the dose of radiation increased, the tumor control rates tended to increase (p=0.072). In medium-sized tumors, there was no statistically difference in PFS with an increase of radiation dose (p=0.783). On univariate analyses, a statistically significant increase in PFS was associated with adenocarcinomas (p=0.001), tumors with ECOG PS 0 (p=0.005), small-sized tumors (p=0.003), radiation dose of 24 Gy (p=0.014), synchronous lesions (p=0.002), and targeted therapy (p=0.004). On multivariate analyses, an improved PFS was seen with targeted therapy (hazard ratio, 0.356; 95% confidence interval, 0.150-0.842; p=0.019). After GKR, the restricted mean PFS of brain at 24 months was 9.8 months (8.5-11.1) in 146 patients, and the pattern of recurrence was mostly distant within the brain (66.4%). The small and medium-sized tumors treated with GKR showed radiotoxicitiy in five out of 230 tumors (2.2%), which were controlled with medical treatment. Conclusion : The small-sized tumors were effectively controlled without symptomatic radiation necrosis as the radiation dose was increased up to 24 Gy. The medium-sized tumors showed potential for symptomatic radiation necrosis without signifcant tumor control rate, when greater than 18 Gy. GKR combined targeted therapy improved the tumor control of GKR-treated tumors.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.582-590
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• 2018

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues; however, their therapeutic application in clinical settings is limited due to the low quality and quantity of patient-derived circulating EPCs. To solve this problem, we evaluated whether three priming small molecules (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, fucoidan, and oleuropein) could enhance the angiogenic potential of EPCs. Such enhancement would promote the cellular bioactivities and help to develop functionally improved EPC therapeutics for ischemic diseases by accelerating the priming effect of the defined physiological molecules. We found that preconditioning of each of the three small molecules significantly induced the differentiation potential of $CD34^+$ stem cells into EPC lineage cells. Notably, long-term priming of OECs with the three chemical cocktail (OEC-3C) increased the proliferation potential of EPCs via ERK activation. The migration, invasion, and tube-forming capacities were also significantly enhanced in OEC-3Cs compared with unprimed OECs. Further, the cell survival ratio was dramatically increased in OEC-3Cs against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress via the augmented expression of Bcl-2, a pro-survival protein. In conclusion, we identified three small molecules for enhancing the bioactivities of ex vivo-expanded OECs for vascular repair. Long-term 3C priming might be a promising methodology for EPC-based therapy against ischemic diseases.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1309-1318
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• 2014

최근 들어 세계적으로 정보자산 유출에 대한 문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있다. 국가정보원 산업기밀보호센터에 따르면 첨단 기술 불법 유출 관련 사건 피해 기업 중 중소기업이 71%에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대기업뿐만 아니라 중소기업 역시 정보보호 관리체계를 수립 운용하고 이를 인증 받아야 할 필요성이 있음을 뜻한다. 이러한 ISMS 인증을 받기 위해서는 외부 컨설팅 업체의 컨설팅이 필요하지만, 기업이 어떤 요인을 가지고 ISMS 인증을 위한 컨설팅 업체를 선정하는지에 대한 연구가 아직까지 미비한 수준이다. 본 연구에서는 중소기업이 어떠한 요인을 가지고 ISMS 인증을 위한 컨설팅 업체를 선정하는지 탐색적 요인분석 기법을 이용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 인적 능력 및 관리력, 시장 선도 능력, 컨설팅 진행 능력 및 실적, 물적 인적 자산규모 등 네 가지의 압축된 요인을 도출하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2020

Metformin has been widely used as an antidiabetic drug, and reported to inhibit cell proliferation in many cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC cells, metformin suppresses PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but effect of metformin on RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is controversial; several studies showed the inhibition of ERK activity, while others demonstrated the activation of ERK in response to metformin exposure. Metformin-induced activation of ERK is therapeutically important, since metformin could enhance cell proliferation through RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and lead to impairment of its anticancer activity suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, requiring blockade of both signaling pathways for more efficient antitumor effect. The present study tested the combination therapy of metformin and trametinib by monitoring the alterations of regulatory effector proteins of cell signaling pathways and the effect of the combination on cell viability in NCI-H2087 NSCLC cells with NRAS and BRAF mutations. We show that metformin alone blocks PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway but induces the activation and phosphorylation of ERK. The combination therapy synergistically decreased cell viability in treatment with low doses of two drugs, while it gave antagonistic effect with high doses. These findings suggest that the efficacy of metformin and trametinib combination therapy may depend on the alteration of ERK activity induced by metformin and specific cellular context of cancer cells.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2008

2005년 3월 31 일 도시공원 및 녹지 등에 관한 법률 개정으로 도시공원 분류체계에서 소공원과 주제공원을 세분화하여 추가하였으나, 기능, 규모, 유치거리가 명확한 개념이 정립되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 특히, 조성 과정상의 확실한 설계되어 있지 않으며, 최근 법제화된 '도시공원 , 녹지의 유형별 세부기준 등에 관한 지침'(2007.2)에서도 유형을 공원의 설치위치 빛 성격에 따라 근린, 도심소공원으로 구분하였으나, 유형별 공원의 지정은 되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서 보고자 하는 역세권내 위치한 소공원은 설치위치 및 지역의 성격에 따라 그 특성이 다르게 나타나므로 법에서 명시하고 있는 유형에서의 설치위치 및 지역적 특징을 분석하여 궁극적으로 유형별 특성에 따른 공원의 활성화 방안을 제시한다. 유형화를 위한분석기준은 각각의 공원은 인접한 역의 성격과지역의 성격이 다르므로 첫째， 법에서 명시하고 있는 정의에서의 지역적 특성과 이용자 특성에 따른 유형분류로서 근린소공원과 도심소공원의 분류체계에 따라 공원유형분류 한다. 소공원 주변 용도배분비율과 기존의 소공원 설치 당시 공공에서의 설치목적을 각 구청의 담당자의 문의를 통하여 파악하고, 이용자의 거주특성의 경우는 이용자를 대상으로 설문을 거주지와 거주동에 대한 질의응답을 통하여 각 공원의 주 이용자의 거주특성을 파악하여 최종 대상지 근린소공원 3개소， 도심소공원 3개소를 선정하였다. 둘째, 각 유형 관찰조사를 통하여 이용자들의 이용행태특성을 파악하고， 설문조사를 행하여 유형별 대상지의 이용실태 및 이용특성의 차이점과, 어떤 측면에서 각기 다른 특성을 가지고 있는지에 대해 이용실태 및 공원시설에 대한 중요도 및 만족도, 공원 환경적 측면의 만족도에 대한 의견을 조사한다. 셋째, 관찰조사와 설문분석에 따른 결과와 관리 공무원과 공원설계자와의 인터뷰 결과를 종합하여 추후 계획시 고려하여야할 점으로 공원이용 활성화를 위한 시설 및 설계적 측면과 이용행태적 측면, 관리 및 운영적 측면에서 시사점을 도출한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2011

We report a rare case of the coexistence of a gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with a gastric adenocarcinoma. A 62-year-old man presented with epigastric soreness for 1 month. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a Borrmann type I tumor at the lesser curvature of the lower body of the stomach. The patient underwent a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection and the resected specimen exhibited a $3.5{\times}3.5$ cm sized, fungating lesion. Two separated, not intermingling, lesions with non-adenocarcinoma components encircled by well differentiated adenocarcinoma components were identified microscopically. The non-adenocarcinoma component showed neuroendocrine features, such as a solid and trabecular pattern, and the tumor cells showed a high nuclear grade with minimal cytoplasm, indistinct nucleoli, and positive response for synaptophysin, CD56. The final pathological diagnosis was a gastric mixed exocrine-endocrine carcinoma (MEEC) composed of an adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the collision type.