• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2013

In a continuation of investigation on Cordyceps militaris, thirteen compounds were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH-soluble fraction of C. militaris. They were identified as twelve diketopiperazines such as cyclo($\small{L}$-Gly-$\small{L}$-Pro) (1), cyclo($\small{L}$-Ala-$\small{L}$-Pro) (2), cyclo($\small{L}$-Ser-$\small{L}$-Pro) (3), cyclo($\small{L}$-Val-$\small{L}$-Pro) (4), cyclo($\small{L}$-Thr-$\small{L}$-Pro) (5), cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Pro) (6), cyclo($\small{L}$-Thr-$\small{L}$-Leu) (7), cyclo($\small{L}$-Tyr-$\small{L}$-Ala) (8), cyclo($\small{L}$-Phe-$\small{L}$-Ser) (9), cyclo($\small{L}$-Phe-$\small{L}$-Pro) (10), cyclo($\small{L}$-Tyr-$\small{L}$-Pro) (11) and brevianamide F (13), and an amino acid, tryptophan (12). Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis including 1D-NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC) and MS spectral data. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 1, 2, 6-11 are first reported from C. militaris.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.251-254
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• 2014

In order to investigate the combination effect of $\small{L}$-arginine and $\small{L}$-aspartic acid on salt enhancement, the saltiness and bitterness of various mixtures of $\small{L}$-arginine and $\small{L}$-aspartic acid were evaluated using the electronic tongue and sensory tests. Increasing the molar ration of $\small{L}$-arginine against $\small{L}$-aspartic acid enhanced the salty taste of NaCl, whereas increasing the molar ration of $\small{L}$-aspartic acid against $\small{L}$-arginine significantly suppressed the bitter taste of $\small{L}$-arginine. Therefore, combination of $\small{L}$-arginine and $\small{L}$-aspartic acid can be utilized as a saltiness enhancer and its suitable combination ratio was showed as $\small{L}$-arginine : $\small{L}$-aspartic acid = 1.00:0.98-1.00 on basis of molar concentration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.2299-2303
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• 2014

Two diastereoisomers of cyclo(Pro-Tyr) have been synthesized simultaneously. The crystal structures and conformations of both cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr) and a racemic mixture of cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr) and cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr), abbreviated as rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr), have been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at low temperature. The crystals of rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr) belong to orthorhombic space group $Pna2_1$ with a = 10.755 (1), b = 12.699 (1), c = 9.600 (1) ${\AA}$ and Z = 4. The tyrosine side chain is folded towards the diketopiperazine (DKP) ring. The DKP ring adopts a twist boat conformation with pseudo symmetry $C_{2v}$. The pyrrolidine ring has an envelope conformation with the N5, C4, C7 and C8 atoms in a plane. The crystal of rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr) is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between amide N2-H2 and carbonyl oxygen O2 in the neighbor. The hydroxyl group of tyrosine residue is also hydrogen bonded to the oxygen of the carbonyl group of the DKP ring in the next molecule. The spectroscopic properties of both isomers are also described.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.203-203
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• 2010

Small hydropower is one of the many types of new and renewable energy, which South Korea is planning to develop, as the country is abundant in endowed resources. In order to fully utilize small hydropower resources, there is a need for greater precision in quantifying small hydropower resources and establish an environment in which energy sources can be discovered using the small hydropower geographic information system. This study has given greater precision to calculating annual electricity generation and installed capacity of small hydropower plants of 117 medium basins by inquiring into average annual rainfall, basin area and runoff coefficient, which is anticipated to promote small hydropower resources utilization. Small hydropower geographic information system was also established by additionally providing base information on quantified small hydropower resources and analysis function and small hydropower generator status, rivers, basin, rainfall gauging station, water level gauging station etc.. Established system of GIS small hydropower energy can be used gather basic information for positive applications of small hydropower energy nationwide.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

Current socio-demographic change that small households are increasing fast requires new business model in housing industry. Purpose of this study is to suggest a strategic direction to the private constructors by analyzing the condition of small household's housing and small-housing market in Seoul metropolitan area. With referring to literature and analyzing statistical raw data, it was found that residents of small household were residing in different type, scale and occupation of housing depending on their age, gender and region, and small housing market was at the beginning stage so that there was no dominant figure yet. Implications are as follows: private supplier should satisfy the needs of individual subgroups of small household, then should respond to the industrial change towards rental business, finally were suggested to launch a new brand of small housing.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.841-852
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to amend of the Small Stream Maintenance Act. In general, small streams have diverse ecological and social characteristics because they are extensively formed across watersheds over time. However, small streams in Korea have been significantly degraded primarily because of human disturbances including stream maintenance activities. Especially, covered streams are majority problem in the Small Stream Maintenance. In order to improve this problem, the Small Stream Maintenance Act be amended to the Small Stream Management Act.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.457-464
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• 2012

Small area estimation is a statistical inference method to overcome the large variance due to the small sample size allocated in a small area. Recently some nonparametric estimators have been applied to small area estimation. In this study, we suggest a nonparametric mixed effect small area estimator using kernel smoothing and compare the small area estimators using labor statistics.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

Small hydropower is one of the many types of new and renewable energy, which is planning to develop, as the country is abundant in endowed resources. In order to fully utilize small hydropower resources, there is a need for greater precision in quantifying small hydropower resources and establish an environment in which energy sources can be discovered using the small hydropower resource management system. This study has given greater precision to calculate annual electricity generation and capacity of small hydropower plants of Nakdong river system by inquiring into average annual rainfall, basin area and runoff coefficient, which is anticipated to promote small hydropower resources utilization. Small hydropower resource management system was also established by additionally providing base information on quantified small hydropower resources and analysis function and small hydropower generator status, rivers, basin, rainfall gauging station, water level gauging station etc.. Small hydropower resource management system can be used gather basic information for positive applications of small hydropower energy nationwide.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.33-43
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• 2017

Purpose - It is necessary to identify the level of marketing activities of the businesses that are recognized and carried out by the small and midsize businesses that have been supported by the government's small-business policy Research design, data, and methodology - The method of data analysis of this study was conducted by the researcher's acquaintances and center staffs who visited small business owners in a small - scale company operating a business. Results - It is found that the financial support part of the support programs for the small business owners is not related to the center affection among the support programs for the small business owners of the government. This is a fact-finding process that can be regarded as a forming process that has a significant effect on. As a result of the analysis, both marketing activity and center attachment were found to be possible parameters which have significant influence on business performance. Conclusions - Developing a variety of contact and customer management programs with small business owners in the field has enabled the government's policies to effectively penetrate the site, and these efforts eventually resulted in more business results for small business owners.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.241-245
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• 2011

Small hydropower is one of the many types of new and renewable energy, which South Korea is planning to develop, as the country is abundant in endowed resources. In order to fully utilize small hydropower resources, there is a need for greater precision in quantifying small hydropower resources and establish an environment in which energy sources can be discovered using the small hydropower resource management system. This study has given greater precision to calculating annual electricity generation and installed capacity of small hydropower plants of Han river system by inquiring into average annual rainfall, basin area and runoff coefficient, which is anticipated to promote small hydropower resources utilization. Small hydropower resource management system was also established by additionally providing base information on quantified small hydropower resources and analysis function and small hydropower generator status, rivers, basin, rainfall gauging station, water level gauging station etc.. Small hydropower resource management system can be used gather basic information for positive applications of small hydropower energy nationwide.