• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to observe the neuroprotective effect of the $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ was made by mixing the herbs, mainly the root of Panax ginseng, the root of Rehmannia glutinosa and Poria cocos, the stem bark of Acanthopanax senticosus, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and Mel, and heating for 96 hours. Transient Focal cerebral ischemia (2 h of ischemia, 22 h of reperfusion) was induced by intraluminal suture method with SD rats. Sensory motor function was tested by rotarod test, prehensile traction test, beam balance test and foot fault test at 24 h after ischemia. The brain slices were stained by 2% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and the infarct volume was measured by graphic analyzer at 24 h after ischemia. Results : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treated group did not show significant differences compared with vehicle treated group in body temperature. Oral administration of $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ reduced brain infarct volume by 29.7% compared with vehicle treated group. $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ also showed protective effects on sensory motor functional deficits. Conclusion : $NeuBo153^{\circledR}$ treatment reduced brain damage and improved functional deficits induced by MCAo. It showed neuroprotective effects even when treatment was relayed 2 h after injury. Further research is required to evaluating long term functional recovery am accurate therapeutic range and mechanisms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2889-2894
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the impact of the breast size, shape, maximum heart depth (MDH), and chest wall hypotenuse (the distance connecting middle point of the sternum and the length of lung draw on the selected transverse CT slice) on the volumetric dose to heart with whole breast irradiation (WBI) of left-sided breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were enrolled in the study. The primary breast size and shape, MHD and DCWH (chest wall hypotenuse) were contoured on radiotherapy (RT) planning CT slices. The dose data of hearts were obtained from the dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: Breast size was independent of heart dose, whereas breast shape, MHD and DCWH were correlated with heart dose. The shapes of breasts were divided into four types, as the flap type, hemisphere type, cone type and pendulous type with heart mean dose being $491.8{\pm}234.6cGy$, $752.7{\pm}219.0cGy$, $620.2{\pm}275.7cGy$, and $666.1{\pm}238.0cGy$, respectively. The flap type of breasts shows a strong statistically reduction in heart dose, compared to others (p=0.008 for V30 of heart). DCWH and MHD were found to be the most important parameters correlating with heart dose in WBI. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the heart dose of non-flap type patients. The MHD was found to be the most important parameter to correlate with heart dose in tangential WBI, closely followed by the DCWH, which could help radiation oncologists and physicsts evaluate heart dose and design RT plan in advance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2011

Recent development of embedded processors makes it possible to play back video contents in real-time on portable devices. Because of their limited battery capacity and low computational performance, however, portable devices still have significant problems in real-time decoding of high quality or high resolution compressed video. Although previous approaches are successful in achieving complexity-scalable decoder by controlling computational complexity of decoding elements, they cause significant objective quality loss coming from mismatch between encoder and decoder. In this paper, we propose a selective B slice skip-decoding method to implement a low complexity video decoder. The proposed method performs selective skip decoding process of B slice which satisfies the proposed conditions. The skipped slices are reconstructed by simple reconstruction method utilizing adjacent reconstructed pictures. Experimental result shows that proposed method not only reduces computational complexity but also maintains subjective visual quality.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Objectives The aim of this study is to compare the quality of root canal preparation completed using MFile-$System^{(R)}$ instrument ( Komet, Gebr.Brsaseler, Germany) and conventional stainless steel file in the canals of Maxillary molar teeth that had a canal curvature between $25^{\circ}$ or more Materials & Methods Buccal canals of 24 first and second maxillary molar teeth, extracted for periodontal and prosthetic reasons were used. Tissue fragments and calcified debris were removed from teeth by scaling and the teeth were stored in 10% formalin solution for 24 hour. Then, teeth were stored in saline until used. To be included the roots had to have completed formed apices and angle of curvature ranging between $25^{\circ}$ or more according to the criteria described by Schneider(1971). Palatal and Second mesiobuccal canals were not included. Teeth were embedded into transparent acrylic. The teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups. All teeth were scanned by Dental CT (PSR9000N, Asahi, Japan) to determine the root canal shape before instrumentation. Image slices were prepared from the apical end point to the pulp chamber. The first two sections were 2 mm from the apical end of root and 2 mm below the orifice. Further section was recorded, dividing the distance between the sections of apical and coronal levels into two equal lengths. 12 teeth were instrumented using stainless steel fileand another 12 teeth were instrumented using MFile-$System^{(R)}$. Following the completion of the instrumentation, the teeth were again scanned and compared with the cross sectional images taken prior to canal preparation. Amount of transportation and centering ability was assessed. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Result Less transportation occurred with MFile-$System^{(R)}$ rotary instrumentation than stainless steel instrument. MFile-$System^{(R)}$ had better centering ability than stainless steel instrument. Conclusion MFile-$System^{(R)}$ rotary instrumentation transported canals less and had good centering ability.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2009

This paper presents a traffic pattern matching hardware that can be used in high performance network applications. The presented hardware is designed for a contents security system which is to block various kinds of information drain or intrusion activities. The hardware consists of two parts: the header lookup and string pattern matching parts. For implementing the header lookup part in hardware, the TCAMs(ternary CAMs) are popularly used. Since the TCAM approach is inefficient in terms of the hardware and memory costs and the power consumption, however, we adopt and modify an alternative approach based on the comparator arrays and the HiCuts tree. Our implementation results, using Xilinx FPGA XC4VSX55, show that our design can reduce the usage of the FPGA slices by about 26%, and the Block RAM by about 58%. In the design of string pattern matching part, we design and use a hashing module based on cellular automata, which is hardware efficient and consumes less power by adaptively changing its configuration to reduce the collision rates.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.106-120
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• 2020

Purpose: A new form of porous polyethylene, characterized by higher porosity and pore interconnectivity, was developed for use as a tissue-integrated implant. This study evaluated the effectiveness of porous polyethylene blocks used as an onlay bone graft in rabbit mandible in terms of tissue reaction, bone ingrowth, fibrovascularization, and graft-bone interfacial integrity. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 3 treatment groups according to the study period (4, 12, or 24 weeks). Cylindrical specimens measuring 5 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm in thickness were placed directly on the body of the mandible without bone bed decortication, fixed in place with a titanium screw, and covered with a collagen membrane. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were done using hematoxylin and eosin-stained bone slices. Interfacial shear strength was tested to quantify graft-bone interfacial integrity. Results: The porous polyethylene graft was observed to integrate with the mandibular bone and exhibited tissue-bridge connections. At all postoperative time points, it was noted that the host tissues had grown deep into the pores of the porous polyethylene in the direction from the interface to the center of the graft. Both fibrovascular tissue and bone were found within the pores, but most bone ingrowth was observed at the graft-mandibular bone interface. Bone ingrowth depth and interfacial shear strength were in the range of 2.76-3.89 mm and 1.11-1.43 MPa, respectively. No significant differences among post-implantation time points were found for tissue ingrowth percentage and interfacial shear strength (P>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, the present study revealed that the new porous polyethylene did not provoke any adverse systemic reactions. The material promoted fibrovascularization and displayed osteoconductive and osteogenic properties within and outside the contact interface. Stable interfacial integration between the graft and bone also took place.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a range of acidic pH values on the push-out bond strength and surface morphology of tricalcium silicate materials: Biodentine$^{(R)}$, Theracal$^{(R)}$ and ProRoot MTA$^{(R)}$. The standardized lumens of root slices prepared from extracted single-root human teeth were filled with Biodentine$^{(R)}$, Theracal$^{(R)}$ and ProRoot MTA$^{(R)}$ according to manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20) for each material and then incubated for 4 days at $37^{\circ}C$; 3 acidic groups (butyric acid buffered at pH 4.4, 5.4, 6.4) and 1 control group (phosphate buffered saline solution at pH 7.4). The push-out bond strengths were then measured by using a universal testing machine and the surface morphology of each experimental group was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope. Biodentine$^{(R)}$ and Theracal$^{(R)}$ showed higher push-out bond strength compared with ProRoot MTA$^{(R)}$ after exposure to acidic pH values. A substantial change in the surface morphology of each material occurred after exposure to different pH values. In conclusion, the push-out bond strengths of Biodentine$^{(R)}$ and Theracal$^{(R)}$ are higher than the ProRoot MTA$^{(R)}$. Further the acidic environment weakens the push-out bond strength and microstructure of tricalcium silicate materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2016

The effects of $SO_2$ generating pads ($SO_2$ 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) on the quality of dried persimmons slices were investigated. The $SO_2$ generating pads for storage did not affect to weight, moisture loss rate, and soluble solid contents of dried persimmons. The color change(E) after storage for 12 weeks was the highest (value = 3.5) in control ($SO_2$ 0 g/kg), whereas that was the lowest (value = 2.6) under $SO_2$ 2 g/kg condition. When we measured the browning degree after 12 weeks, they showed O.D. 0.15, 0.14, 0.10, and 0.05 in serial dilution treated pads with $SO_2$ 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, respectively. The decaying rate was the highest (9.0%) in control after 12 weeks storage, whereas it did not show any spoilage in $SO_2$ 2 g/kg treated condition for whole storage period. The concentration of residual $SO_2$ in dried persimmons was detected within a safe range of 3.3~97.0 ppm. Therefore, the shelf-life of dried persimmons was lengthened in $SO_2$ generating pads (especially in $SO_2$ 2 g/kg) for inhibiting of browning and decaying.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was to present the functional brain mapping of both functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) in a case of schizencephaly. Materials and methods : A 28-year-old man, who had left hemiplegia and schizencephaly in right cerebral hemisphere, was exacted with both functional MRI and TMS. Motor function of left hand was decreased whereas right hand was within normal limit. For functional MRI, gradient-echo echo planar imaging($TR/TE/{\alpha}$=1.2 sec/90 msec/90) was employed. The paradigm of motor task consisted of repetitive self-paseo hand flexion-extension exercises with 1-2 Hz periods. An image set of 10 slices was repetitively acquired with 15 seconds alternating periods of task performance and rest and total 6 cycles (three ON periods and three OFF periods) were performed. In brain mapping, TMS was performed with the round magnetic stimulator (mean diameter; 90mm). The magnetic stimulation was done with 80% of maximal output. The latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential(MEP)s were obtained from both abductor pollicis brevis(APB) muscles. Results : Functional MRI revealed activation of the left primary motor cortex with flexion-extension exercises of healthy right hand. On the other hand, the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and left promoter areas were activated with flexion-extension exercises of left hand. In TMS, magnetic evoked potentials were induced in no areas of right cerebral hemisphere, but in 5 areas of left corebral hemisphere from both abductor pollicis brevis. Latency, amplitude, and contour of response of the magnetic evoked potentials in both hands were similar. Conclusion : Functional MRI and TMS in a patient with schizencephaly were successfully used to localize cortical motor function. Ipsilateral motor pathway is thought to be secondary to reinforcement of the corticospinal tract of the ipsilateral motor cortex.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Background Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps typically sacrifice the entire muscle. In our experience, the lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle can be spared in an attempt to maintain function and reduce morbidity. When the intercostal nerves are injured, muscle atrophy appears with time. The severed intercostal nerve was reinserted into the remnant lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle to reduce muscle atrophy. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed 9 neurotized cases and 10 non-neurotized cases. Abdominal computed tomography was performed to determine the area of the rectus muscles. Electromyography (EMG) was performed to check contractile function of the remnant muscle. A single investigator measured the mean areas of randomly selected locations (second lumbar spine) using ImageJ software in a series of 10 cross-sectional slices. We compared the Hounsfield unit (HU) pre- and postoperatively to evaluate regeneration quality. Results In the neurotization group, 7 of 9 cases maintained the mass of remnant muscle. However, in the non-neurotization group, 8 of 10 lost their mass. The number of totally atrophied muscles in each of the two groups was significantly different (P=0.027). All of the remnant muscles showed contractile function on EMG. The 9 remaining remnant rectus abdominis muscles showed declined the HU value after surgery but also within a normal range of muscle. Conclusions Neurotization was found to be effective in maintaining the mass of remnant muscle. Neurotized remnant muscle had contractile function on EMG and no fatty degeneration by HU value.