• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.465-476
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• 2019

This study was convergence study to determine sleep and its factors in university students on the basis of Spielman's 3P model. The participants were 191 graduate and undergraduate students who were scheduled to take the exam after 1~2 weeks. The related variables of quality of sleep were self-control, stress, test anxiety, smartphone dependence, and daytime sleepiness. Chi-square test and t-test were used to make a comparison of the quality of sleep between the good and the bad sleep quality group. Pearson's coefficient correlation analysis was performed for correlation between the quality of sleep and the general characteristics, self-control, stress, test anxiety, smartphone dependence, and daytime sleepiness. Stress and test anxiety as precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, smartphone dependency as a perpetuating factor for sleep disorder, and daytime sleepiness as a sleep-related factor were correlated with the quality of sleep; no statistically significant correlation was found with self-control as a predisposing factor in the biopsychological area. It is necessary to solve such problems with mental health as stress and test anxiety, which are factors for sleep disturbance, and smartphone dependency as a perpetuating factor for sleep disorder, in pursuit of higher quality of sleep for university students.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the correlation between dental hygiene students' overdependence on smartphones, sleep deprivation, and self-control, and factors influencing self-control. 267 college students in the department of dental hygiene located in the Chungcheong area were surveyed and analyzed. Smartphone overdependence was positively correlated with sleep deprivation and smartphone overdependence was negative correlated with self-control. The sleep deprivation was negative correlated with self-control. Factors affected to self-control were problematic results and sleep deprivation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education and programs that can increase the self-control of dental hygiene students and to prepare measures to prevent sleep problems and overdependence on smartphone.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2005

The pathogenesis and mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been under investigation for over 25 years, but its etiology and mechanism remains elusive. Skeletal (maxillary and/or mandibular hypoplasia or retrodisplacement, inferior displacement of hyoid) and soft tissue (increased volume of soft tissue, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, macroglossia, thickened lateral pharyngeal walls) factors, pharyngeal compliance (increased), pharyngeal muscle factors (impaired strength and endurance of pharyngeal dilators and fixators), sensory factors (impaired mechanoreceptor sensitivity, impaired pharyngeal dilator reflexes), respiratory control system factors (unstable respiratory control) and so on facilitate collapse upper airway. Therefore, OSA may be a heterogeneous disorder, rather than a single disease entity and various pathogenic factors contribute to the OSA varies person to person. As a result, patients may respond to different therapeutic approaches based on the predominant abnormality leading to the sleep-disordered breathing.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2008

Purpose: To examine the effects of the environmental nursing intervention using eye-shields and earplugs on the incidence of delirium, environmental stress and sleep among the patients with open-heart surgery in the post-cardiac ICU(intensive care units). Method: This study was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects consisted of 93 patients who received ICU care after the cardiac surgery. Among those, 32 subjects was assigned in one experimental group with eye-shields, 31 in the other experimental group with earplugs, and 30 in the control group. ICU delirium was measured by CAM-ICU, environmental stress by ICUESS, and sleep by two sleep scales developed by Oh, et al. and Kim. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 13.0 program including frequency, percentage, t-test, $x^2$ test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in the incidence of delirium among three groups (p=.139). The ICU environmental stress scores from the subjects of two experimental groups demonstrated lower (F=6.731, p=.002) than the control group. Also, the degrees of sleep pattern (p=.000, p=.000) and sleep satisfaction (p=.000, p=.000) were greater than those of the control group. Conclusion: Although the environmental nursing intervention using eye-shields and earplugs did not demonstrate the effects in decreasing the incidence of ICU delirium, it has affirmative effects in decreasing environmental stress and improving the quality sleep among the patients with open-heart surgery while they stay in ICU. Further nursing implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.476-487
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) based on the mobile social networking service (SNS) on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and quality of life among rotatingshift nurses in a hospital in Korea. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. The participants included 55 nurses with rotating three-shift work (25 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group). For the experimental group, CBT-I using mobile SNS was provided once a week for 60 minutes over six weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, independent samples t-test, and Mann-whitney U test with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: In the homogeneity test of the general characteristics and study variables, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Nurses in the experimental group had significantly lower scores on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes regarding sleep and sleepiness than nurses in the control group. Nurses in the experimental group had significantly higher scores on sleep quality and quality of life than nurses in the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that using the mobile SNS-based CBT-I is feasible and has significant and positive treatment-related effects on rotating-shift nurses' irrational thoughts and beliefs in association with sleep, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life. These contribute to expanding our knowledge of rotating-shift nurses' sleep issues and their preferences for intervention.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of semen sinapsis albae acupressure on fatigue and sleep among patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast neoplasms. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Participants were 46 hospitalized patients (23 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who were undergoing chemotherapy during November and December 2014. The experimental group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care and at the same time received acupressure on the spots of Zoksamli, Samumgyo and Shinmun. The control group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care. The data were analyzed using test and t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The level of fatigue in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (t=5.82, p<.001). The level of sleep in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (t=-5.16, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to decrease fatigue and increase sleep in patients with breast neoplasm undergoing chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of music intervention on environmental stress and sleep quality in liver transplant patients who are receiving care in one-person isolation rooms of an ICU. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental design pre-and-post nonequivalent control group. Participants were 37 patients (18 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) who, after receiving liver transplant, were hospitalized in one-person isolation rooms of the ICU. The study covered patients admitted between August 2016 and December 2017. Earplugs and sleep shades were provided as ordinary care to both experimental and control groups, and music intervention was provided to the experimental group three times a day for 30 minutes each from the first day of hospitalization. Results: The first hypothesis, "The experimental group who received music intervention will experience a lower environmental stress level than the control group" was supported (Z=-3.212, p<.001). The second hypothesis, "The experimental group who received music intervention will experience a higher sleep quality than the control group" was also supported (t=3.715, p=.001). Conclusion: Findings show that music intervention is an effective nursing intervention to reduce environmental stress and improve sleep quality in liver transplant patients in the ICU.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between gustatory functions in a sleep disordered breathing (SDB) group and a control group. The pathogenesis of SDB has not been fully understood. Though the precise contributions of neuromuscular and anatomical factors on SDB pathogenesis are still debated, we hypothesized that the gustatory dysfunction could be predisposed to SDB. Methods: All patients were diagnosed as SDB by polysomnography (PSG). On the basis of PSG results, patients were divided into 3 groups: snoring, mixed, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The control group comprised healthy volunteers who were the same age as those of the SDB group and whose breathing was verified as normal using a portable sleep monitor device. The patient group and the control group were evaluated for gustatory functions with an electrogustometry (EGM). The electrical taste thresholds were measured in the anterior, midlateral, and posterior sides of the tongue and soft palatal regions, both sides. To find out the difference in EGM scores, statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney U test with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 significance level. Results: The patients with SDB had higher EGM scores than the control group at all spots tested, except for the right midlateral of the tongue, and there was a statistical significance in the comparison between the control group and the divided SDB groups, respectively. Among the divided SDB groups, the snoring group had the most significant differences in the number of the measured spots, but there was no difference among the snoring, mixed, and OSA groups. Conclusions: These results may suggest that neurologic alterations with sleep disordered breathing could be associated with gustatory dysfunction. In the future, further systemic studies will be needed to confirm this study.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.646-653
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• 2017

Alcalase hydrolysis of liquid egg white was used to produce 5-hydroxytryptophan (HTP) under various conditions and investigate the sleep-potentiating activity of liquid egg white hydrolysate (LEH) on pentobarbital-induced sleep. Alcalase hydrolysis yielded the highest content of 5-HTP ($13.50{\mu}g/mL$), while neutrase hydrolysis showed the lowest 5-HTP content ($5.23{\mu}g/mL$). The liquid egg white to water ratio (1:1) was optimal for the production of 5-HTP with high amino-nitrogen (A-N) content and degree of hydrolysis. The 5-HTP, amino-nitrogen, and degree of hydrolysis increased until 24 h of hydrolysis and slightly increased thereafter during hydrolysis with 2% and 5% enzyme addition. 5-HTP administration at doses of 6 and 9 mg/kg significantly increased sleep duration and decreased sleep latency time compared to that in the control (p<0.05). LEH (150 mg/mouse), which was equivalent to 5-HTP at 6 mg/kg, significantly decreased sleep latency time and increased sleep duration time compared to that in the control (p<0.05). Oral administration of LEH showed sleep-potentiating effects because of 5-HTP. The sleep-potentiating activity of LEH may have occurred through 5-HTP in our pentobarbital-induced sleep model. LEH may be a valuable alternative to sleep enhancement and may be used as a sleep-potentiating agent.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aroma hand massage on anxiety and sleep in cancer patients during hospitalization. Methods: This study used a pre-post non-synchronized quasi-experimental design. Data were collected from 66 participating patients from July to December 2008. The participants were divided into an aroma massage group (n=25), a hand massage group (n=15), and a control group (n=26). The experimental group received aroma hand massage using 1% diluted lavender aroma oil once per day for 3 days. The massage was given by the researcher following the Korea Aromatherapy Health Professional Association massage protocol In contrast control group A received only a hand massage. The state anxiety, sleep condition, sleep satisfaction levels, and sleep duration were measured before and after the intervention trial. Results: The aroma hand massage group experienced in a significant decrease in their state anxiety (F=7.658 p=.001). Moreover, there was a significant increase in their sleep condition (F=18.047, p=.001), sleep satisfaction (F=30.016, p=.001) and sleep duration (F=23.019, p=.001) compared to the other groups according to one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Also, noted was a significant increase in the sleep condition of the hand massage group as in the aroma hand massage group according to the Scheffe test. Conclusion: The study findings indicates that aroma hand massage decreases anxiety and increases the sleep condition, sleep satisfaction, and sleep duration of cancer patients.