• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2002

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2017

Objectives : Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is chronic skin disease characterized by allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Samhwangsasim-tang Gamibang(SHSST) can treat skin disease by cooling down blood heat, clearing away congenital fever and detoxicating. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SHSST on AD induced by oxazolone in mice. Methods : We investigated the effects of SHSST on skin tickness, skin lesions, erythema and melanin index, water content and histopathological changes in vivo. The effects on body weights and spleen body weight ratio were also investigated in mice with AD. Results : In our results, oral administration of SHSST ameliorated skin lesion such as flare, erythema, exudate and petechia and lowered skin thickness induced by oxazolone. In addition, SHSST lowered erythema index and elevated water content compared to AD control respectively. In the histopathological observation, oral administration of SHSST prevented epidermal hyperplasia and spongiotic changes which is a hallmark of skin inflammation respectively. Finally, SHSST did not affect spleen/body weight ratio. Conclusions : These data imply that SHSST can ameliorate skin lesion of AD such as flare, erythema, exudate and petechia, and be used to treat AD patients with relative safety.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2007

Melanin plays an important role in protecting human skin from UV radiation and determines the race and skin color. Melanin is also major target for developing skin-whitening cosmeceuticals. Recently, as the market size of skin-whitening cosmeceuticals has rapidly expanded, related researches and developments are also focused on maximizing the safety and efficacy. Also, patents of skin-whitening materials have been increasing steadily for ensuring the competitive power. Patent also shows the research trend of industry and institutes. In this review, we analyze the trend of research and development based on the patent application of skin-whitening cosmeceuticals.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2012

To identify the allergy problem of a 36-year old swimming instructor, who experiences heavy itching and rashes whenever she comes in contact with pool water. Patch tests were performed with European standard series and materials from the work floor. A positive patch test to aluminum chloride and flocculant was observed. Occupational dermatitis is, based on a contact allergy to aluminum chloride in the flocculant.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2007

This test was performed to evaluate the skin irritation and sensitization of Creocomplex, disinfectant, Containing 10% 4-chloro-m-cresol, 10% didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and 10% glutaraldehyde. In primary skin irritation test, rabbits were dermally treated with Creocomplex for 24 hrs. The disinfectant did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema and edema 24hr after topical application. So, the disinfectant was classified as a practically non-irrifating material based on the score 0.13 of primary irritation index. In the skin sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1ml Creocomplex for 24 hr. After 1 week, Creocomplex was treated on the site of injection, and challenged 2 weeks later. Creocomplex did not induce any allergic reactions. Therefore, 10% Creocomplex was graded as a weak material from 0 in both sensitization score· and rate. From results of the present study, it is suggested that 10% Creocomplex does not cause contact irritation and sensitization.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2014

The number of farmers who have suffered from non-fatal acute pesticide poisoning has been reported to vary from 5.7% to 86.7% in South Korea since 1975. Absorption through the skin is the main route of exposure to pesticides for farmers who operate with them. Several in vitro tests using the skins of humans or animal and in vivo tests using laboratory animals are introduced for the assessment of human dermal absorption level of pesticides. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare international guidelines and strategies of dermal absorption assessments and to propose unique approaches for applications into pesticide registration process in our situation. Until present in our situation, pesticide exposure level to operator is determined just using default value of 10 as for skin absorption ratio because of data shortage. Dermal absorption tests are requested to get exposure level of pesticides and to ultimately know the safety of pesticides for operators through the comparison with the value of AOEL. When the exposure level is higher than AOEL, the pesticide cannot be approved. We reviewed the skin absorption test guidelines recommended by OECD, EFSA and EPA. The EPA recommends assessment of skin absorption of pesticides for humans through the TPA which includes all the results of in vitro human and animal and animal in vivo skin absorption studies. OECD and EFSA, employ a tiered approach, which the requirement of further study depends on the results of the former stage study. OECD guidelines accept the analysis of pesticide level absorbed through skin without radioisotope when the recovery using the non-labeled method is within 80~120%. Various factors are reviewed in this study, including the origin of skin (gender, animal species and sites of skin), thickness, temperature and, etc., which can influence the integrity of results.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.279-283
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• 2011

This study was compared microbiological safety with gamma-irradiated porcine tendon and skin, as materials for the development of xenografts to regenerate damaged tissues and protect secondary contamination. The porcine tendon and skin were gamma-irradiated after inoculation of bacteria and virus to evaluate irradiation sensitivity of microorganisms. The result showed that the porcine tendon and skin were not different on the sensitivity of microorganisms by gamma irradiation. Bacteria inoculated in the porcine tendon and skin were confirmed that E. coli was the $D_{10}$ values of $0.32{\pm}0.082$ and $0.25{\pm}0.1kGy$ on tendon and skin, and B. subtilis was $4.00{\pm}0.312$ and $3.88{\pm}0.3kGy$ on gamma irradiation, respectively. Moreover, Virus inoculated in the porcine tendon and skin was observed that poliovirus (PV) was $6.26{\pm}0.332$ and $6.88{\pm}0.3kGy$, and porcine parvovirus (PPV) was $1.75{\pm}0.131$ and $1.73{\pm}0.2kGy$ and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was $3.70{\pm}0.212$ and $3.81{\pm}0.2kGy$ on gamma irradiation, respectively. Virus showed higher resistance compared to bacteria on gamma irradiation, but was not detected CPE (cytopathic effect) by virus both tendon and skin at 25 kGy, a standard dose recommended from IAEA for sterilization of medical products. Therefore, These results were considered that gamma irradiation could control effectively bacteria and virus to develop safe porcine xenograft, and apply same irradiation doses to all tissues including tendon and skin of porcine.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

This evaluation tested the skin irritation and sensitization of an acaricide (Wagoojabi II®, WGJB) for the control of poultry red mite, containing 20% Chamaecyparis obtusa oil and 56% Cinnamomum camphora oil. In a primary skin irritation test, rabbits were dermally treated with WGJB for 24 h. The acaricide did not induce any adverse reactions such as erythema and edema on intact skin sites, but on abraded skin sites, some rabbits showed very slight erythema and edema 24 h after topical application. So, the acaricide was classified as a practically mild-irritating material based on a 0.625 primary irritation index score. In the skin sensitization test, guinea pigs were sensitized with intradermal injection of 0.1mL WGJB for 24 h. After 1 week, The WGJB was treated on the site of injection, and challenged 2 weeks later. The WGJB did not induce any allergic reactions. Therefore, the WGJB was graded as a weak material at '0' in both sensitization score and rate. From the results of this study, it is suggested that WGJB does not cause contact irritation and sensitization.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

Skin is an emerging target tissue in pharmaceutical and cosmetic science. Safety assessment for dermal toxicity is a critical step for development of topically applicable pharmaceutical agents and ingredients in cosmetics. Urgent needs exist to set up toxicity testing methods for dermal safety, and identification of novel biomarkers for pathological cutaneous alteration is highly required. Here we will discuss if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potential as a biomarker for dermal impairment. Experimental and clinical evidences for induction of keratinocytic VEGF under pathological conditions will be reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2020

Most people suffer from stress during day life because modernized society is very complex and changes fast. Because stress can affect to many kind of physiological phenomena it is even considered as a disease. Therefore, it should be detected earlier, then must be released. When a person is being stressed several bio-signals such as heart rate, etc. are changed. So, those can be detected using medical electronics techniques. In this paper, stress assessment system is studied using random forest algorithm based on heart rate, RR interval and Galvanic skin response. The random forest model was trained and tested using the data set obtained from the bio-signals. It is found that the stress assessment procedure developed in this paper is very useful.