• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2000

Even the same materials are assembled in flush door skin panel, warping is not simply prevented under the changes of environmental conditions since wood and wood-based material have large variations in their physical and mechanical properties. The parameters such as linear movement coefficient(LMC), modulus of elasticity (MOE), required to predict warping could be estimated by oven drying method and dynamic method instead of American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM) procedure. The relationship between warping and LMC was curvilinear, while it between warping and MOE was linear. LMC had a larger effect on warping than MOE. Material propensity of skin panel such as hardboard and plywood showed normal distributions. The variation of material properties, however, was much larger in plywood than in hardboard. Monte Carlo simulation also indicated that rejection ratio of flush door due to the occurrence of warping could be predicted with consideration of the relationship of warping and parameters of probability distribution of MOE, LMC, and moisture content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the comfort sensation depending on four different kinds of denim blue jeans: cotton, cotton/tencel, tencel, cotton/pp. The objective and subjective experiments were conducted to measure the comfort of blue jeans. To investigate the objective comfort, physical properties related to thermal insulation, moisture properties and hand were measured. For subjective comfort measurement, 5 healthy female college students were taken as subjects. The outcomes of the experiments are as follows: The higher the air permeability and bulk density of the denim, the lower the thermal insulation, the thicker the denim, the higher the thermal insulation. Tencel blending denim showed the higher bulk density, the lower air contents, and consequently the lower thermal insulation than the other denims. Tencel showed the highest moisture regain, and cotton/tencel blend showed the highest water vapor permeability. Tencel denim had relatively better flexibility, shape stability and elastic recovery than the other denims. The total hand values of the denims by KES-FB system were not significantly different. Cotton and cotton/pp denims raised the subjects body temperature after excercise more than tencel or cotton/tencel denims. Average skin temperature was found to have a correlation with micro climate temperature and micro climate humidity. The correlation coefficients were 0.749 and 0.767, respectively. However, average skin temperatures were not significantly different among the materials. Pulse rate was found to be the highest when wearing cotton/pp and the lowest in case of cotton/tencel denim. The energy was consumed in order of cotton>cotton/pp>tencel>cotton/tencel. There was no significant difference in preference before excercise, but, after the excercise, the order of preference changed as the following; cotton/tencel>tencel>cotton/pp>cotton.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Now many sustitution and false articles is used in korea instead of mudanpi. To use mudanpi correctly, we will make a quilitative certificational plan of mudanpi to investigate all of lieraturea, records and documents. And we could reach conclusions as folloews. 1. Source Source of mudanpi is cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(Family:Ranunculaceae) in korea and china. It needs an attention to distinguish into because there is a substitute and a rank in china. 2. process We have to work before harvesting fresh roots is dry perfectly. If outer skin dried moisture a little, cut off outer skin vertically at sunny day, remove a heart and sever, immedietly dry. When working, we have to take care of because of easy discoloration with moisture. 3. Quality (1) Functional standards A diameter is large, it do not exist a heart of wood, a bark is thick and powdery. Section surface is light white color and rich odor with many light crystals. (2) Physicochemical stamdards We think that it needs to raise a contant of paeonol at all kinds of testing standards. A contant of paeonol is at least more than 2.5%. A part of wood indicate a heart of wood which has no medical effects, but is a relatively heavy part. So a standart of wood must be lowered sifnificantly less than 1.0%. It must be content of ash is less than 6.0%, Content of acid-nonsoluble ash is less than 1.0%. A fixed quantity of paeonol is more than 2.5%. Contens of heavy metal has to detect less than 30 ppm and there is no reminding agriculural medince.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-41
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• 2001

The effect of smoking on the quality sausage Sausages were prepared from beef, port, chickens, games, fish and shellfish with polyphosphate salt and spices. Sausage history goes back to 3,000 years of age. The procedure of sausage 1) Meat Curing 2) Meat Control 3) Add Spices 4) Permissible Ingredients 5) Grinding 6) Mixing Emulsion 7) Stuffing 8) Showing 9) Smoking 10) Cooking 11) Drying 12) Packaging Sausage Product to get information on the effect of smoking onto the quality of meat produces. Sausage was smoked under a given conditions. Smoking was conducted as 35f$^{\circ}C$to 6$0^{\circ}C$ the related humidity of smokehouse was still at 60 to 70 percent. Results are as follows: 1. The Penetrated smoke in sausage was prolonged < p.<0.02 when sausage was smoked 2hours at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ the penetrated amount of free acetone in sausage was 0.5mg%. 2. Peroxide value of sausage as heating treatment both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was prolonged. 3. When sausage was heated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, bacteria of sausage increased In number while at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ bacteria of sausage increased In number fourteen hours. 4. When sausage was treated with smoking the distribution of free amino acids in sausage was changed markedly. 5. The longer smoking time of the products was the higher the content. 6. In case of oak wood smoke flavoring all of test samples. 7. Rapid decrease of does-response mutagenic curve of the smoke flavoring of oak wood and apple wood by in the peak of curve and phenol in the smoke flavoring. Continuous efforts are required to make sausages easily in the butcher shops and in the restaurants. 8. Sausage texture evaluation has 13 rules. It is Elasticity, Surface Moisture, Surface Smoothness, Center Hardness, Skin Toughness, Cohesiveness, Denseness, Moisture Release, Cohesiveness of Mass, Lumpiness, Graininess (of Contents), Skin separation, Oiliness and sensory 11 rules evaluation is color, texture, mold, flavor, sweet test, salty, sourness, bitter, and savory taste. 9. Smoked, component, peroxide value, bacteria, color, free amino acid, tenderness, flavor, shrinkage are important values.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation (amount, interval) on tree growth, fruit quality, and cracking of organic 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012 and 2013. Three irrigation treatments were applied using a sprinkler system from mid-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013, as follows: 10 mm was applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm was applied every two days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm was applied every five days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were found to be greatest in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20-40% in the 10 mm-IR, between 20-60% in the 20 mm-IR, and between 20-70% in the 30 mm-IR treatment plots. The total number of leaves per shoot and shoot growth were found to be greatest in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatments, respectively. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin pigmentation ($b^*$; blue). Approximately 5% of fruit cracking was observed on average over both years in the 10 mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30 mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% of cracking in 2012. Average marketable fruit yield per year over two years was greatest for the 10 mm-IR treatment ($24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) followed by the 30 mm-IR treatment ($22.7t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and lastly the 20 mm-IR treatment ($22.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Thus, the 10 mm-IR treatment represents a suitable irrigation regimen for controlling leaf and shoot growth of vines grown under a rain-shelter system in sandy loam soils, while improving fruit sugar contents and skin color and limiting fruit cracking.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.477-493
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• 2014

This study examines the behaviour of single micropiles subjected to axial tension or compression load in collapsible loess under in-situ moisture content and saturated condition. Five tension loading tests and five compression loading tests on single micropiles were carried out at a typical loess site of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. A series of laboratory tests, including grain size distribution, specific gravity, moisture content, Atterberg limits, density, granular components, shear strength, and collapse index, were carried out during the micropile loading tests to determine the values of soil parameters. The loess at the test site poses a severe collapse risk upon wetting. The tension or compression load-displacement curves of the micropiles in loess, under in-situ moisture content or saturated condition, can generally be simplified into three distinct regions: an initial linear, a curvilinear transition, and a final linear region, and the bearing capacity or failure load can be interpreted by the L1-L2 method as done in other studies. Micropiles in loess should be considered as frictional pile foundations though the tip resistances are about 10%-15% of the applied loads. Both the tension and compression capacities increase linearly with the ratio of the pile length to the shaft diameter, L/d. For micropiles in loess under in-situ moisture content, the interpreted failure loads or capacities under tension are 66%-87% of those under compression. However, the prewetting of the loess can lead to the reductions of 50% in the tensile bearing capacity and 70% in the compressive bearing capacity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2018

Skin aging degree can be objectively measured using the instrumental analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effects of a cream containing 8000 PPM of resveratryl triacetate (RTA) in the human skin test. Twenty female subjects were given test products twice a day for 8 weeks on the face, and wrinkles, sagging, elasticity, dermis denseness, moisture and brightness were measured every 4 weeks by instrument analysis. After 4 and 8 week-use of the test product, total wrinkle area decreased (5.12%, 4.86%), total wrinkle volume decreased (10.53%, 8.41%), sagging decreased (4.69%, 5.91%), elasticity increased (2.84%, 3.98%), dermis denseness increased (15.65%, 20.80%), water content increased (5.83%, 7.37%), lightness ($L^*$ value) increased (0.79%, 1.07%), and individual typology angle ($ITA^{\circ}$) increased (5.43%, 4.95%)compared with the baseline values before treatments, and all these changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). No adverse skin reactions were observed in all participants during the study period. This study supports the anti-aging effects of the test product.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.434-440
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• 2012

A placebo-controlled double-blind ingestion study of a beauty supplement containing rice-derived ceramide was performed. Thirty three subjects who always tended to have rough skin due to dryness participated in the study. Dermatological diagnosis by physicians showed that the supplement significantly improved dryness and itching of the skin. On measurement of water content in the skin, the supplement was shown to significantly increase water content in the skin. On microscopic three-dimensional analysis of the epidermis, the supplement was shown to improve smoothness, exfoliation, and short-term ingestion of the supplement containing rice derived ceramide, which is very effective as skin beautifying food.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3131-3138
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• 2015

At a dermatology during the skin care, photodynamic therapy(PDT) is carried after 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA), light sensitive material, is applied. At a skin care shop, using drug is prohibited. Thus, the aim of this research was to see the effect of the acne skin by irradiating PDT to the skin without applying ALA. The research method was that 24 female undergraduates who had acne on their face at the level of mild or comedonal, and the participants were divided into four groups(group1: no treatment, group 2: 420 nm of blue visible light, group 3: 660 nm of red visible light and group 4: blue and red visible light). The participants of group 2, 3 and 4 were irradiated with visible light for 20 minutes per week for 6 weeks, and they were compared to group 1. As a result of the research, the number of erythema, sebum, papules and pustules of those who were irradiated with visible light decreased, and the pore size of those also decreased while the amount of moisture increased. If an skin care shop applies PDT to the existing acne skin care, that PDT will influence on the program of a skin care shop is expected.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Ultraviolet radiation have much influenced with a deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity of skin damage and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photo-damage. This study investigates the functional properties of hydrogel facial mask sheets made from agar, Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia papyrifera tunics. The skin of S. clava is covered with a hard cellulose containing glycoprotein, glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate. B. papyrifera is better known as Paper mulberry. It contains kazinol which serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin whitening agent. The tensile strength of facial mask sheet was measured by universal testing machine, and the water absorption and moisture permeability of facial mask sheet were measured by dryer. Additionally, the DPPH assay and MTT assay were conducted for anti-oxidative activity and cytotoxicity of facial mask sheet. The whitening effect of the facial mask sheet was measured by tyrosinase inhibitor assay. These tests showed that the three ingredients are suitable cosmetic materials. The results reveal that they produce a high quality hydrogel facial mask sheet when the membrane contains 1%(W/V) of agar, 0.1%(W/V) of B. papyrifera tunics and 0.05%(W/V) of S. clava tunics.