• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2018

The purpose of this research study is to analyze the effect of servicescape on customer orientation of skin beauty professionals. To attain the purpose, this study conducted self-administered survey of skin beauty professionals who have been working in Seoul cities and Gyeonggi provinces. by handing out total 438 copies of questionnaire. But 400 copies except for 38 ones of those respondents deemed to be unfaithful responses were analyzed and researched. A total of 400 questionnaire responses were used for data analyses. According to the results of factor analysis, Factor analysis revealed five factors of servicescape-surrounding factors, functionality, aesthetics, safety, and convenience- and three factors of customer orientation of beauty professional-understanding customer needs, beauty professional needs to offer services and meeting customer needs of beauty professionals. The result of regression analysis revealed that as for understanding customer needs of skin beauty professionals, convenience and functionality, safety and aesthetics has significant effects. All five factors of servicescape, safety, aesthetics, functionality, surrounding factors and conveniences, have significant effects on meeting customer needs. Regarding beauty professional needs to offer services, safety, functionality and convenience factor were significant factors. The study is to provide preliminary data on information useful in developing the method for managing and improving servicescape.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

This study was carried out after the author experienced different personalities according to blood type over many years and thus have attempted to find out the relationships between blood type and each occupation in the industry. This study aims to analyze employees in the beauty industry (hair design, skin care, nail art and makeup) in Seoul with regard to their blood types. The significance of this study is to provide baseline data for entrants and managers in the beauty industry in order to help them choose the right occupation and reduce turnover rates through analyzing employee personalities by blood type. Research topics include the following: first, to understand the characteristics of employees in the beauty industry; and second, to find out the relationships between blood types and types of professions. After conducting an inquiry into the relationships between blood type and profession in the industry, a significant portion of skin care (49.3%) and nail art (43.8%) professionals was blood type A; nail artists (43.8%), type AB; hair designers (54.7%), type B; and makeup artists (50.0%) and hair designers (29.2%), type O. In conclusion, these results reflect the personalities of people within the beauty industry by blood type. Skin care and nail art shops are quiet environments, whereas hair salons are relatively louder with contemporary music along with the sounds of various equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2003

A study on skin care of middle-aged women was conducted to develop proper skin care program. The study was performed from January 25, 2003 through March 24, 2003 by using questionnaires. The subjects were 380 from some area in Youngnam province. All subjects were females from 40 to 59 years. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 36.8% of them was from 40 to 44years old; 61.3% 'high school graduate' ; 61.1% 'housewife';89.2% 'married' ;76.1% 'middle class' ;55.8% 'living in small or medium sized city'. In the case of physical health conditions, 55.8% of the respondents was in good health and 63.9% answered that their face skins were healthy. Those who don't drink were 54.5%, and those who don't smoking were 92.9%. 2. In case of the knowledge level of skin care, it showed significant difference in the variables of education, occupation, and economic status. According to the knowledge level of skin care by physical health conditions, it was highest in the case of physically healthy respondents(7.77 point). Those who do not smoke marked higher knowledge level of skin care than those who smoke. Those who exercise also marked higher knowledge level of skin care, than those who don't exercise. 3. 86.8% of the subjects experienced the massage at home. It showed significant difference in the variable of education and place of residence. The knowledge and habit of skin care of middle-aged women showed significant difference according to the variable of education, economic status, and place of residence. Therefore, related professionals and organizations relating to the skin care must make efforts to develop education program for effective skin care for middle-aged women in order to enhance the knowledge level of skin care and information about skin health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.5-12
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• 2006

Make-up illustration is a field of creativity with visible creative and artistic values; its ultimate functions include communication of information, artistic expression, and recording. Establishing the make-up illustration education environment for the twenty-first century, there is an urgent need for research and development of professional curricula for basic art education and illustration education. It is extremely important for educators and institutions teaching make-up illustration to recognize that training of highly creative and professional beau designers through systematic educational structures is the ultimate foundation for enhancing competitiveness of the beauty industry despite the present reality that there are insufficient studies and publications on beauty illustration and that there is lack of illustration lecturers and artists equipped with professional beauty knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted to research and analyze offering of illustration subjects by 160 beauty-related vocational schools and 16 4-year undergraduate colleges in the make-up field, which is the field with most creative art activities among the three representative beauty majors, namely make-up, hair, and skin. Education of make-up illustration must not remain as simple short-term education. The curricula must be specialized for providing solid foundation of basic majors. In terms of education content, strong emphases must be made for original and creative mark-up designs as well as purposes, functions, and necessity of make-up design and illustration. The curricula must include systematic, logical and artistic elements. Through the course of this study, which researched, analyzed and proposed measures for education content of make-up illustration, it was found that make-up illustration is the most appropriate subject that fulfills both the ultimate education objectives of beauty colleges and the demand by the society for beauty professionals. It is hoped that make-up illustration is emphasized and recognized for its importance and necessity as an education subject so that similar basic major subjects will further be researched and developed for specialized education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2016

This study attempted to look into the effects of the job environment and job esteem on job satisfaction in the field of skin beauticians. To achieve this, a survey of their characteristics, job environment, job esteem and job satisfaction was carried out on 470 women in their 20s~50s working at skin care shops in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. First, it was found that the effects of the working environment on their vocational satisfaction, sense of belonging, level of contribution, wages and welfare, which are sub-factors of job satisfaction, are relatively high. This result shows that it is important to ensure proper resting facilities and resting areas. Second, it was shown that the higher the social evaluation, self-(implicit) assessment, future value, and self-fulfillment orientation, the higher the sub-factors of job satisfaction. This means that it is important to treat skin beauticians as professionals in order to improve their social recognition. The sub-factors of job environment-working conditions, organizational environment and job stability, and sub-factors of job environment-social evaluation, self(intrinsic) evaluation, future value and self-achievement orientation, had a major effect on the sub-factors of job satisfaction, respectively. Together with the general improvement in the sub-factors of job environment, the future value, as well as social evaluation, self(intrinsic) evaluation and self-achievement orientation, which together constituted the current value of job esteem, were the major factors affecting job satisfaction. Consequently, this study hopes to contribute to the development of the skin beauty industry by providing basic data on personnel management for skin care managers to improve skin beauticians' job satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4511-4519
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• 2015

I have analyzed the present status of national certifications and qualifications systems in overseas countries in order to come up with improvement alternatives to National Qualifications Framework(NQF). Most national certifications and qualifications systems at home and abroad have introduced, implemented or are in the process of modifying evaluation programs on the basis of Level 8. I have come to the conclusion that certificates and qualification titles equivalent to those for education programs in cosmetology related departments should be developed for high school to the masters and PhD diplomas, at the same time, the certification program to foster industrial engineers as well as master craftsman for skin & nail-care as well as makeup courses that are not available in beauty field, and I expect this study to be used as the basis material for onsite education & training programs for professionals in beauty field whose capability are respected upon acquisition of relevant certificates in relations with cosmetology related education courses.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2004

The purpose of the study lied on supporting the reeducation program which was focused on the demand with the clients by analyzing the recognition on the real situations of the reeducation on the hair designers in the nation. As a result on the subject, the responders said they could usually learn new information through the various seminars that were held by beauty product suppliers and companies, and most of the high school or under high school level designers have participated in various seminars while the designers who graduated from a junior college or universities had experienced new trends at life time education establishments(p<0.01). A hair designer who was single and paid low salary usually depended on the course inside the shop(p<0.01), and most of the information they got was through the suppliers of the beauty products. In that case, regular sources of information, such as educational establishments, informative magazines, Internet were highly recommended. A reason for unsatisfactory reeducation was due to lack of time and a reason for not participating the seminar was also due to time shortage caused by regular working hours, which was reflecting the real situation of the hair designers. As a suggestion for the reeducation establishment, most of the responders wanted vocational schools or life-time educational center. They wanted a fixed regular period for reeducation, especially over the weekend for after working hours. It means they want long-time systematic education. Considering the results, a course which is organized for a long-time systematic purpose is suggested for the hair dressers who want to be professionals in the field with the class equipped with contents of the classes, period, and place. For the purpose to be realized, improvement of the working hours in needed and it will be an incentive to make the hair designers satisfied with their work.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.206-215
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• 2020

This study sought to find out the need for NCS education, Education awareness, and class satisfaction among professors and learners of nail art classes based on NCS. From April 21, 2017, to May 31, 2017, the questionnaire of 70 professors and 290 learners using NCS education located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province was finally analyzed using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Analysis result, Professionals have a sense of self-efficiency (r=.466, p<.01), and appropriateness (r=.474, p<.01) has been confirmed. The learners identified static (+) relationships in the necessity of education (r=.338, p<.01), recognition (r=.193, p<.01), and self-efficiency (r=.586, p<.01), and appropriateness (r=.609, p<.01). Through this study, it is believed that NCS education necessity, Education awareness, and class satisfaction of professors and learners can be utilized as basic data.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-150
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• 1999

This study was carried out to analyse a perception on acne for the Junior college students to provide basic data for the suitable treatment of acne to the students and the specialists. For this study, self-administering questionnaires were distributed to 480 students from 13 departments at a suburban women's junior college from May 1 to May 3, 1996. Of the students, 399 were responded and included in the analysis. The questionnaire includes the general question of objects, the question of knowledge and attitude of acne, and its treatment. The results were as follows: 1. Age distribution for the group less than 20 years was 63.7% and over 20 years was 36.3%, the group with acne was 66.2% and the group without acne was 33.8%. Proportions of acquiring the knowledge on acne was 49.6% from newspaper or magazine, 47.15 from friends, and 26.85 from TV or radio. 2. With regard to the knowledge on the presence of acne, a proportion of correctly answered for the question on the cause of acne was $3.41{\pm}1.02$ for the group with acne compared with $3.16{\pm}0.89$ for those without acne. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. With regard to the knowledge levels on the treatment of acne, a proportion answered' skin-care center' for the question on where to select for the profer treatment was $13.21{\pm}1.88$ compared with $12.09{\pm}1.88$ for the other group. This difference was statistically significant (p〈0.05). A proportion of answered 'squeezing out acne by themselves' for the question of how to treat was $12.26{\pm}1.91$ compared with $10.83{\pm}1.25$ for the other group. 4. In the treatment according to the attitude of the group with acne, the positive group replied 'YES' in the intention of treatment by themselves was 55.9%. In conclusion, the differences in the knowledge and attitude on the presence of acne are not significant and it was found that the knowledge and attitude for the group with acne did not significantly influenced the treatment behavior. Accordingly, it is important to understand the cause of acne, provoking factors, remedy etc. For this, it is necessary to a provide an accurate information to professionals to enhance the knowledge of acne and to treat it properly.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2020

This study aims to put forth an efficient way of improving body shapes by examining the effects of deep tissue massage and illite-combined deep tissue massage on body shape changes, and identifying body shape changes when applying each method. This study targeted twenty women in their thirties, and ten separate subjects were placed in different groups. Then deep tissue massage and illite-combined deep tissue massage were performed once a week, for a total of eight weeks. Moire Topography was applied before the experiments, four weeks later and eight weeks later to compare changes in spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0, and the study results are as follows. In relation to general characteristics of the subjects, professionals occupied the highest proportion of them, and 90% of them were married. Here, 77.8% of them had experience in giving birth, and 78.6% of them chose natural birth. In addition, 57.1% of the subjects holding a majority had two children. When measuring spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips in the illite-combined deep tissue massage group and in the deep tissue massage group before the experiments, the illite-combined deep tissue massage group showed somewhat higher values in every area than the deep tissue massage group, but no statistically significant differences were not found, which means the homogeneity existed between them. When comparing body shape changes between the two massage methods, there were significant differences(p<.05, p<.01), because the illite-combined deep tissue massage group showed a much higher decline in spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips than the deep tissue massage group. This implies illite-combined deep tissue massage was more effective in improving body shapes than deep tissue massage. Therefore, illite-combined deep tissue massage is considered to be helpful in improving body shapes, and it is anticipated that this massage method can be used in relevant fields, including the skin care industry.