• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.283-293
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• 2021

To verify the employment impact of two-directional FDI, the study analyzes panel data composed of 26 OECD countries from 2006 to 2018 by using the system GMM. Furthermore, we decompose domestic employment into types of industries and skill compositions to identify the heterogeneous employment impact. The results show that inward and outward FDI at lag one period promote domestic employment at the overall level. In terms of workers' skill levels, lagged inward FDI significantly persistently promotes high-skilled workers' employment, likewise, the positive employment impact also appears with a time lag in low-skilled labor subgroups. Outward FDI, on the other hand, initially inhibits both high- and low-skilled labor demand, but then changes to a positive effect in the highskilled labor subgroups. Although there is a time difference between inward and outward FDI, it has a significant and positive impact on employment in the manufacturing and service industries. The results indicate that the relationship between manufacturing and service employment is a mutual substitute. To attract international investors, governments should promote a favorable investment climate and maintain stable economic growth. Because low-skilled labor is more susceptible to changes in FDI, policy measures are required to ensure employment stability.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-137
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• 2012

Inflow of foreign workers and immigrants increase the supply of unskilled labor in the economy. In measuring their impacts, an impact evaluation method produces unreliable estimates because a control group independent from their impacts is hardly found within the economy. This study adopts an aggregate factor proportions approach and measures the impacts by estimating the effects of skills proportion changes in labor supply on relative wages. The estimation uses two and three skills groups categorized by education levels. The study reveals that foreign workers and immigrants contribute to economic growth by a small margin while they significantly widen the wage gap between native skilled and unskilled workers. The result is based upon the fact that the existing foreign workers and immigrants are predominantly the least skilled groups. The estimates can be applied in predicting the impacts of labor inflow from North Korea which always remains as a possibility in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.417-422
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• 2000

In the process of die manufacturing, according to increasing demand of die and molds, the efficient machining of dies and molds has been increased. However, while the cutting process has been automated by the progress of CNC(computer numerical control) and CAD/CAM, the polishing process still depends on the experienced knowledge of an expert. Also, even when workers are skilled in polishing dies. it takes much time to obtain the required roughness and smoothness on the surface of a die. Moreover, many workers gradually avoid doing polishing work because of the poor working conditions caused by dust and noise. Therefore, to improve productivity and to solve the potential shortage of skilled workers, a user-friendly automatic polishing system was developed in this research. The developed polishing system with five degrees of freedom is able to keep the polishing tool normal to the die surface during operation and is able to maintain a pressure constantly by the developed pneumatic system. Also, to evaluate polishing performance of the developend system and find the polishing conditions, the various polishing experiments were carried out.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.370-374
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• 2022

Construction is a labor-intensive industry that heavily relies on skilled construction workers. However, the aging of the workforce is rapidly growing, and the shortage of skilled workers is intensifying. The application of construction robotics technology can solve the problem of workforce shortage and guarantee construction productivity, safety, and quality improvement. This study presents a framework of the functional analysis for construction processes and work tasks that classifies and analyzes processes and work tasks for construction robotics design. The framework presents the functional analysis process, which analyzes workers' attributes and identifies functions of construction robotics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2019

Poor working conditions in the construction industry have made young people reluctant to enter it, resulting in supply/demand unbalance of construction skilled worker. Currently, most construction workers in Korea acquire skills through apprenticeships. Against this background, this study aimed to identify problems in apprenticeship-based methods of technical education, and to suggest measures that could improve these methods. As a measure to improve current apprenticeship-based methods of technical education, technical education needs to be regularly provided on construction sites, and each construction company needs to issue a certificate to workers confirming their completion of technical education. It is also necessary to establish a system in which this certificate is recognized as education experience. In addition, it is recommended to form partnerships with construction technology education institutes supported by the government in order to provide construction workers with opportunities to receive new technologies and construction methods free of charge, and it is urgently necessary to establish and implement a policy to adequately support their cost of living during this period.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.95-116
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• 2006

Traditionally, foreign labor inflow into Korea has been rare and, hence, issues on foreign workers did not draw much attention. However, changing economic conditions of the Korean economy, such as "labor-shortage" problem in SMEs in manufacturing sector, has made the Korean government open its door to the foreign workers since the early 1990s through the Industrial Trainee System. The inflow of foreign workers, on the other hand, has generated various social and economic problems, such as substantial increase of illegal over-stayers, illegal utilization of foreign unskilled workers by domestic SMEs, to name a few. Against this background, the Employment Permit System was implemented from 2004. This new system aims at supplying foreign workers to SMEs as well as protecting them as legal 'employees'. In any case, it is very important to understand how and to what extent the inflow of foreign workers have affected the Korean economy in order to establish long-term policy stance. This paper aims to empirically assess the economic impact of foreign workers on domestic workers in the manufacturing sector during 1997~20001, focusing on the Industrial Trainee System. The empirical results of the paper can be summarized as follows. First, there is some evidence that male semi-skilled workers are the group that is likely to have been displaced by industrial trainees. Second, we were unable to find any strong evidence suggesting that the inflow of foreign industrial trainees decreased wages of less-skilled Korean workers.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

Purpose - This study examines the relationship between organizational justice and employee job satisfaction and the extent of its moderation by perceived alternative job opportunities. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a cross-sectional study utilizing survey questionnaire data from 220 bank employees, which included scales measuring organizational justice, job satisfaction, and perceived alternative job opportunities. Results - The data is analyzed using correlation and hierarchical regression. Results demonstrated that organizational justice has a direct positive impact on employee job satisfaction further, distributive justice explains more variance in job satisfaction, followed by procedural justice and interactive justice. Perceived alternative job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Conclusions - Generally, organizational justice increases bank employees' job satisfaction; however, when they perceived more job opportunities, their job dissatisfaction increased notwithstanding fairness. Therefore, perceived job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Retaining skilled employees has become difficult, especially when there is market demand for skilled workers. Human resource (HR) managers should consider market situations before formulating policies; otherwise, they may lose the competitive advantage of skilled employees and workers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

Die making process is classified into design,manufacturing,polishing,assembly, and performance test. Die polishing is not a machining process by cutting edge of tool, but it is finishing by relative cutting movement under the surface contact between grinding particles and workpiece, and this process comprised 30~40% of total manufacturing hours. However, die polishing process is still performed by the skilled workers. Now a days, it is very difficult to secure skilled workers due to the hardworking environment and this situation will be getting worse in the future which has great difficulty of dies and molds industries.This process has the common problem on the elimination of tedious manual polishing among the tool making industries. Therefore this study is aimed at the development of an automatic polishing attachment which could be attached onthe spindle of CNC machine tool and controlled by the NC program data created by CAD/CAM system. As a result, this study will contribute the realization of automatic fine polishing process and improvement of quality level of dies and molds.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.1312-1315
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• 1996

Polishing work for a curved surface die demands simple and repetitive operations and requires much time while it also demands high precision. Therefore it is operated by skilled worker in handiwork. But workers avoid polishing work gradually because of the poor environments such as dust and noise. In order to reduce the polishing time and to alleviate the problem of shortage of skilled workers, researches for automation of polishing have been pursued in the developed countries such as Japan. In this research we develop a polishing robot with 2 degrees of freedom motion and pneumatic system, and attach it to machining center with 3 degrees of freedom to form an automatic polishing system which keeps the polishing tool vertically on the surface of die and maintains constant pneumatic pressure. The developed polishing robot is controlled by real time sliding mode control using DSP(digital signal processor). A synchronization between machining center and polishing robot is accomplished by using M code of machining center. A performance experiment for polishing work is executed by the developed polishing robot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.743-747
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• 1997

Polishing work for a curved surface die demands simple and repetitive operations and requires much time while it also demands high precision. Therefore it is operated by skilled worker in handiwork. Howener workers avoid polishing work gradually because of the poor environments such as dust and noise. In order to reduce the polishing time and to alleviate the problem of shortage of skilled workers, researches for automation of polishing have been pursued in the developed countries. In the research, a polishing robot with 2 degrees of freedom motion attached to machining center with 3 degrees of freedom and pneumatic system forms an automatic polishing system which keeps the polishing tool vertically on the surface of die and maintains constant pneumatic pressure. A synchronization between machining center and polishing robot is accomplished by using M code of machining center. A rulled surface and shadow mask are polished by the developed polishing robot.