• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to investigate the differences in the ski carving turn motion according to level of expertise. The posture and movement of 6 skiers nearby the fall-line was evaluated with a biomechanical approach focusing the rotational mechanics. The slope was at an angle of $9^{\circ}$ and the following variables were measured and calculated: tangential velocity, change of COM height after passing fall-line, width between feet, angle between upper body and thigh, trunk angle, average radius of curvature and average centripetal force. The expert skiers minimized their center of mass height movement and maintained the width of between their feet after the passing the fall-line in comparison with the beginners and intermediate skiers. The experts restrained themselves from pushing their upper body downward after the turn to maximize the centripetal force. The experts in comparison with the beginners and intermediate skiers during the turn didn't have to reduce their radius of curvature to maintain a high centripetal force. It was concluded, that the most important factor affecting the centripetal force, was for the beginners and intermediate skiers, to minimize their movement while using the appropriate amount of edging.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

This study investigated foot pressure patterns between experienced skiers and intermediate skiers during alpine skiing. Five experienced skiers and five intermediate skiers participated in this study. Foot pressure measurement system was used to measure vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and contact area under the six plantar regions. Each participant was asked to perform basic parallel turns and carved turns on a $18^{\circ}$ groomed slope. Each right turn was divided into the initiation phase, the steering phase 1 and 2. For the initiation phase of the basic parallel turns, significantly greater contact area was found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers (p<.05) and significantly greater vGRF was found on the LRF of the intermediate skiers (p<.05). Also significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers at the steering phase 1 (p<.05) and on the LRF of the intermediate skiers at the steering phase 2 (p<.05). For the carved turns, significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers at all three phase (p<.05). On the other hand, significantly greater vGRF was found on the RFF of the experienced skiers at the steering phase 1 (p<.05). Also significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the RMF of the experienced skiers at the steering phase 2 (p<.05). In order to increase performance, we suggest that the intermediate skiers should be unweighted at the initiation phase and shift the body weight to the forefoot of the outer foot at the steering phase 1. Also, the outer ski should be loaded more than the both skis at the steering phase 1 and 2.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2004

Objective : To compare the efficacy between SKI306X and Diclofenac by using generalized estimating equations (GEE) methodology in the analysis of correlated bivariate binary outcome data in Osteoarthritis (OA) diseases. Methods : A randomized, double-blind, active comparator-controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted at 5 institutions in Korea with the random assignment of 248 patients aged 35 to 75 years old with OA of the knee and clinical evidence of OA. Patients were enrolled in this study if they had at least moderate pain in the affected knee joint and a score larger than 35mm as assessed by VAS (Visual Analog Scale). The main exposure variable was treatment (SKI 306X vs. Diclofenac) and other covariates were age, sex, BMI, baseline VAS, center, operation history (Yes/No), NSAIDS (Y/N), acupuncture (Y/N), herbal medicine (Y/N), past history of musculoskeletal disease (Y/N), and previous therapy related with OA (Y/N). The main study outcome was the change of VAS pain scores from baseline to the 2nd and 4th weeks after treatment. Pain scores were obtained as baseline, 2nd and 4th weeks after treatment. We applied GEE approach with empirical covariance matrix and independent(or exchangeable) working correlation matrix to evaluate the relation of several risk factors to the change of VAS pain scores with correlated binary bivariate outcomes. Results : While baseline VAS, age, and acupuncture variables had protective effects for reducing the OA pain, its treatment (Joins/Diclofenac) was not statistically significant through GEE methodology (ITT:aOR=1.37, 95% CI=(0.8200, 2.26), PP:aOR=1.47, 95% CI=(0.73, 2.95)). The goodness-of-fit statistic for GEE (6.55, p=0.68) was computed to assess the adequacy of the fitted final model. Conclusions : Both ANCOVA and GEE methods yielded non statistical significance in the evaluation of non-inferiority of the efficacy between SKI306X and Diclofenac. While VAS outcome for each visit was applied in GEE, only VAS outcome for the fourth visit was applied in ANCOVA. So the GEE methodology is more accurate for the analysis of correlated outcomes.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2016

이 연구는 대학 스키수업 수업환경의 선택속성에 대한 중요도와 만족도 간의 차이를 비교 분석하여, 수요자 중심의 수업환경을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울, 충청, 경북지역에 소재하고 있는 대학에서 편의표집(convenient sampling)방법에 의해 300명을 조상대상으로 선정하였으며, 회수되지 않은 설문지 및 불성실하게 응답된 자료를 제외하여 최종적으로 221명을 표본으로 추출하였다. 자료 수집을 위한 측정도구는 설문지로 해당 분야의 전문가 검토와 요인분석에 의해 타당도를 검증받았으며, 신뢰도는 Cronbach's alpha값 .747~.891 로 나타났다. 이상의 과정을 거쳐 윈도우 SPSS 21.0 버전 통계프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계분석, 대응표본 t검정, IPA(Importance-Performance Analysis)분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 스키수업 참가 학생의 스키수업 환경 선택속성 중요도와 만족도 간에는 유의한 차이가 있다. 둘째, 제I사분면은 식사요인과 정보제공 요인이 포함되었다. 제II사분면은 교 강사요인, 강습프로그램, 정보제공, 숙소요인이 포함되었다. III사분면은 숙소요인, 식사요인, 입지요건이 포함되었다. IV사분면은 정보제공 요인이 해당되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2012

우리나라의 스키장들도 경쟁이 심해져 재방문비율을 높이거나 긍정적 구전을 통해 새로운 방문자를 유치해야 하는 상황이 되었다. 본 연구는 스키리조트 방문자들을 대상으로, 가치, 만족 및 자아일치성이 재방문의도와 구전의도에 미치는 영향력을 파악하며, 자기조절초점으로 집단을 세분해 집단 간에 독립변수들의 영향력에 차이가 있음을 확인함으로써 스키장들이 경쟁력 강화할 수 있는 실행방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 현지에서 수집한 자료를 회귀분석한 결과, 사용한 독립변수들은 모두 재방문의도와 구전의도에 영향을 주었다. 만족은 가장 영향력이 큰 변수이었다. 자기조절초점으로 구분한 집단 간에는 재방문의도와 구전의도에 영향을 미치는 변수의 종류가 달라 이 변수가 효과적인 시장세분변수라는 것이 확인되었다. 재방문의도의 경우, 향상초점 집단은 만족만이 영향을 주었으나 예방초점 집단에서는 만족과 함께 자아일치성도 영향을 주었다. 구전의도의 경우에는 향상초점집단에서 자아일치성을 제외하고는 두 집단에서 모든 독립변수들이 영향을 주었다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 방문자들을 유지 또는 유치할 수 있는 실행가능한 몇 가지 대안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.9.1-9.1
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• 2017

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한임상약리학회 1994년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 1994

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한임상약리학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.40-41
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• 1996

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.53-53
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• 2000

In this paper, we introduce the real-time skier-training software using DGPS. We used a PCS to receive the pseudorange correction messages from the reference station. We tested the performance of this system and could get a skier's position in real-time with high accuracy. It can help skier-trainers to monitor a skier's trajectory and teach him mote effectively This paper will show you how the system works and prove it has good performance.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.155.2-156
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• 2001