• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2017

Background: Telbivudine is a nucleoside analogue used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, but it often develops mitochondrial toxicity leading to symptomatic myopathy. In this study, three patients with telbivudine induced myopathy were enrolled in order to investigate the nature and pathogenesis of mitochondrial toxicity caused by long-term use of telbivudine. Methods: Clinical features, laboratory findings, muscle pathology, and quantitation of mitochondrial DNA were studied in three patients. Results: Patients presented with progressive muscle weakness with high serum creatine kinase levels. Light microscopic findings of muscle pathology showed ragged red fibers that reacted strongly with succinate dehydrogenase stain, but negative for cytochrome c oxidase activities. Electron microscopy revealed abnormal mitochondrial accumulation with rod shaped inclusions. The quantitative peroxidase chain reaction showed a depletion of mitochondrial DNA in skeletal muscle of the patients. Conclusions: Nucleoside analogues including telbivudine are potent inhibitors of viral DNA polymerases. However, they are not specific for viral DNA and can disturb mitochondrial replication at the same time. All nucleotide analogues should be used with close clinical observation in order to avoid development of mitochondrial myopathy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.521-531
• /
• 2015

Facial rejuvenation procedures can be roughly divided into face lift surgery and nonoperative, less invasive procedures, such as fat grafts, fillers, botulinum toxin injections, thread lifts, or laserbrasion. Face lift surgery or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation, due to its fundamental ability to restore the anatomical changes caused by aging. Various methods of face lift surgery have been developed over the last hundred years, thanks to advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the mechanisms of aging, as well as the dedication of innovative surgeons. However, no generally applicable standard method exists, because the condition of each patient is different, and each operative method has advantages and disadvantages. Specific characteristics of the skin of Asians and their skeletal anatomy should be considered when determining the operative method to be used on Asian patients. Plastic surgeons should improve their ability to analyze the original aesthetic properties and problem areas of each patient, drawing on scientific knowledge about the aging process, and they should develop the skills necessary to perform various rejuvenative techniques. In the present article, we reviewed various face lift procedures and the current methods of modified double plane face lift, based on our clinical experience of over 30 years.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 1997

A teratogenic study on Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won was carried out in SpragueDawley rats. Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won suspended in distilled water was administered to pregnant dams by oral gavage during organogenesis period (from 7th to 17th day of gestation) at daily doses of 1/9, 1/3 and I pill/kg. About two-thirds of dams were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation to scrutinize the pregnant performances and fetal development, and the remaining dams were allowed to deliver. The growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive function of F1 offsprings were examined. There was no treatment-related difference in body weight, food consumption and necropy findings of dams. No gross, skeletal and visceral abnormalities was observed in F1 fetuses from dams treated with Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won. F1 offsprings did not show any treatment-related difference in growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive peuformance. At caesarean section of F1 dams, no growth retardation and gross abnormality was observed in F2 fetuses. In conclusion, Original Woo-Whang-Chung-Sim-Won did not show any potential teratogenic activity in rats.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.191-196
• /
• 1997

The isothermal reduction on $Pt/MoO_3/SiO_2$ at $50^{\circ}C$ demonstrates that the rate of hydrogen spillover is increased as calciantion temperature increases. That is due to the overlayer formation over the surface of Pt crystallites, investigated by TEM and CO chemisorption. It is known that reaction mechanism of skeletal isomerization of 1-butene into iso-butene is composed of 2 step such as formation of carbonium ion and isomerization of methyl group. It is expected that the increase of i-butene yield after calcination at $250^{\circ}C$ is due to increased rate of hydrogen spillover coming from first, overlayer formation over Pt surface and second, chlorine lessoning from $PtCl_x$ precursor.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.256-261
• /
• 2008

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome involving the breakdown of skeletal muscle causing myoglobin and other intracellular proteins and electrolytes to leak into the circulation. There are various causes of acute rhabdomyolysis in childhood, such as direct trauma to muscle, muscle necrosis from ischemia, inflammation in muscle, or exposure to drugs and toxins. The most-important complication of this disorder is acute renal failure (ARF). However, the contributing factors to the development of ARF in children with rhabdomyolysis remain obscure. We report two cases of rhabdomyolysis after excessive exercise.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2009

It bas been hypothesized that foot ulceration might be internally initiated. Current instruments which merely allow superficial estimate of plantar loading acting on the foot, severely limit the scope of many biomechanical/clinical studies on this issue. Recent studies have suggested that peak plantar pressure may be only 65% specific for the development of ulceration. These limitations are at least partially due to surface pressures not being representative of the complex mechanical stress developed inside the subcutaneous plantar soft-tissue, which are potentially more relevant for tissue breakdown. This study established a three-dimensional and nonlinear finite element model of a human foot complex with comprehensive skeletal and soft-tissue components capable of predicting both the external and internal stresses and deformations of the foot. The model was validated by experimental data of subject-specific plantar foot pressure measures. The stress analysis indicated the internal stresses doses were site-dependent and the observation found a change between 1.5 to 4.5 times the external stresses on the foot plantar surface. The results yielded insights into the internal loading conditions of the plantar soft-tissue, which is important in enhancing our knowledge on the causes of foot ulceration and related stress-induced tissue breakdown in diabetic foot.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.286-293
• /
• 2010

Peak bone mass is established predominately during childhood and adolescence. It is an important determinant of future resistance to osteoporosis and fractures to gain bone mass during growth. The issue of low bone density in children and adolescents has recently attracted much attention and the use of pediatric dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is increasing. The process of interpretation of pediatric DXA results is different from that of adults because normal bone mineral density (BMD) of children varies by age, body size, pubertal stage, skeletal maturation, sex, and ethnicity. Thus, an appropriate normal BMD Z-score reference value with Z-score should be used to detect and manage low BMD. Z-scores below -2.0 are generally considered a low BMD to pediatrician even though diagnoses of osteoporosis in children and adolescents are usually only made in the presence of at least one fragility fracture. This article will review the basic knowledge and practical guidelines on pediatric DXA based on the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) Pediatric Official Positions. Also discussed are the characteristics of normal Korean children and adolescents with respect to BMD development. The objective of this review is to help pediatricians to understand when DXA will be useful and how to interpret pediatric DXA reports in the clinical practice for management of children with the potential to develop osteoporosis in adulthood.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2014

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor, generally affecting young people. While the etiology of osteosarcoma has been largely unknown, recent studies have suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. To understand the mechanism of action of COX-2 in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, we compared gene expression patterns between three stable COX-2-overexpressing cell lines and three control cell lines derived from U2OS human osteosarcoma cells. The data showed that 56 genes were upregulated, whereas 20 genes were downregulated, in COX-2-overexpressed cell lines, with an average fold-change > 1.5. Among the upregulated genes, COL1A1, COL5A2, FBN1, HOXD10, RUNX2, and TRAPPC2 are involved in bone and skeletal system development, while DDR2, RAC2, RUNX2, and TSPAN31 are involved in the positive regulation of cell proliferation. Among the downregulated genes, HIST1H1D, HIST1H2AI, HIST1H3H, and HIST1H4C are involved in nucleosome assembly and DNA packaging. These results may provide useful information to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the COX-2-mediated malignant phenotype in osteosarcoma.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2012

Numerous biochemical molecules have been implicated in the development of muscular atrophy. However, control mechanisms associated with muscular disease are not clear. The present study was conducted to investigate gene expression profiles of rat muscle during the denervation to atrophy transition processes. We isolated total RNA from rats suffering from partial muscle atrophy (P) and electromyostimulated atrophy (PE) and synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers. Using 20 ACPs for PCR, we cloned 18 DEGs using TOPO TA cloning vector, sequenced, and analyzed their identities using BLAST search. Sequences of 14 clones significantly matched database entries, while one clone was ESTs, and 3 clones were unidentified. Different expression profiles of selected DEGs between P and PE were confirmed. The troponin T, Fkbp1a, RGD1307554, Phtf1, Atp1a1 and Commd3 were highly expressed genes in the P and PE groups, while Krox-25 and TCOX2 were only expressed genes in the P group, the Sv2b and Marcks were only expressed genes in PE group. also, Cox8h was highly expressed genes in PE groups. The ASPH, ND1, and ARPL1 were highly expressed genes in the P and PE groups. List of genes obtained from the present study might provide an insight for the study of mechanism regulating muscle atrophy and electrostimulated muscle atrophy transitions. These data suggest that troponin T, Fkbp1a, RGD1307554, Phtf1, Atp1a1, and Commd3 are potentially useful as clinical biomarkers of age-related muscle atrophy and dysfunction.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 1996

A teratological study was performed using New Zealand White rabbits to examine the teratological potential of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761), which is a known strong platelet activating factor antagonist. Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) was administered per intravenously during the organogenesis period (day 6th to 18th of gestation) of rabbits at dose levels of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg/day. All pregnant females were sacrificed on day 29 of gestation and teratological abnormalities of their fetuses was examined. No statistically significant difference of body weight change between control and treated groups during experimental periods was noted. There was no statistically signifiant difference of numbers of corpus lutes and implantations, fetal death ratio, fetal sex ratio, and placental weight between control and rabbits exposed to three different concentration ranges of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). No marked external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities related to Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) were observed in the fetuses. In conclusion Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761) does not show any effect on implantation or embryonic development.