• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제24권
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• pp.55-59
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of glycerine on the properties of paper. Two types of glycerine treatment were used. First type, when making handsheets, glycerine was added in the plup slurry. Second type, copying paper was soaked in glycerine solution. Microwave treatment was used for the test of paper degradation. The obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. The glycerin was very effective to improve the property of softness. 2. The glycerine was helpful to increase sizing performance of paper as a fixing agent of sizing emulsion. 3. Curl tester was comparatively useful for the measuring of sizing degree.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2008

경제가 성장함에 따라 도시 곳곳에 인공구조물이 건설되면서 녹지공간이 줄어들고 있다. 녹지공간의 축소는 도시의 열섬현상, 지구온난화 등을 가중시키고 삶의 질을 저하시키는 등의 문제를 가져왔다. 최근 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 건물의 옥상과 같이 버려진 공간을 이용한 옥상녹화에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 옥상녹화 시 가장 중요한 문제로 대두되는 것은 건물에 미치는 토양의 하중으로 건물에 부하되는 하중을 줄이기 위해 경량성 녹화소재가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 경량성 소재인 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 이용하여 녹화용 식생기반재를 제작하였다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리의 사용은 자원을 재활용한다는 의미에서도 의의를 가진다. 폐목재칩과 폐지 슬러리를 60 : 40으로 혼합하고 습윤지력증강제의 처리를 달리하였고, 보수력을 위해 표면사이즈제를 처리하여 각 처리 조건에 따라 물리적 특성과 화학적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험결과 15%의 습윤지력증강제를 첨가한 식생기반재가 습윤 시 최대의 강도를 보였고, 표면사이즈제를 도포하지 않은 식생기반재에서는 도포한 것에 비해 높은 수분증발량을 보여 표면사이즈제가 보수력을 높이는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 흡수 시 두께변화는 1 mm 이하로 그 변화가 적어 치수안정성이 우수한 소재임을 알 수 있었다. 식생기반재의 pH는 7.6~8.25로 중성에서 약 알카리성으로 나타났다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

It is essential to use base papers having proper surface characteristics in coating operation for improving coated paper quality and coater runnability. To fulfill these purposes, surface sizing of coating base stock with oxidized starch is commonly practiced. Use of cationic starch for surface sizing improves coated paper quality since cationic starch penetrates less into paper structure. The immediate objective of this study was to examine the influence of surface sizing with starch solutions containing cationic polymers on the rheology of coating colors and the effect on physical properties of coated papers. Changes of rheological characteristics of coating colors placed on the plastic substrate surface sized with cationic and anionic starch were determined. Results of rheological test showed that cationic polymer surface sizing agent increased electrostatic interaction with coating colors and increased storage modulus. This new technology of using cationic polymer as surface sizing additive was considered to be advantageous for base papers at low basis weights since it would improve the coverage and optical properties of coated papers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2012

This study was to develop a novel automatic system for measuring St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle at a time. The conventional methods to measure sizing degree had serious problems in obtaining significant differences according to different dosages of a sizing agent, and moreover they disclosed unique limitation due to liquid types used and tester's subjectivity. However, the newly developed system could get reproducible results through total automation of all procedures including liquid dropping, image acquisition and measurement of both St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle. For the St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing test, the automatic system could measure sizing degree with more definite differences according to different dosage of AKD, compared to the conventional method. For the contact angle test, the automatic system showed a similar trend to the conventional method but had smaller contact angles due to distortion of an image focus by a sheet curl than the conventional testing machine. The problem from the image out of focus due to specimen curl will be overcome with adopting a new specimen holder for the future system.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2003

유리 섬유와 고분자로 구성된 복합재료에서는 이종재료 간의 계면 상호작용과 접착력이 재료의 성능과 기능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 표면처리에 의한 섬유개질 및 계면층 제어는 우수한 복합재료를 제조하는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 복합재료 계면에서의 물리화학적 현상을 개선하기 위해 실란커플링제를 이용한 유리 섬유의 형태구조 표면처리방법을 조사하였다. 또한 표면처리조건 (사이징 재료, 농도 등)에 따른 계면 특성과 이와 연관된 미세구조 분석을 통하여 유리 섬유/폴리프로필렌 복합재료의 계면설계기법을 제시하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2021

섬유강화복합재료의 기계적물성은 섬유의 체적분율 및 사이징제 조건에 의한 계면강도에 영향을 받는다. 최적의 계면은 기지층에서 강화재로의 기계적 응력을 효과적으로 전달하여 응력 집중을 완화하고 결과적으로 복합재료의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 사이징제 조건 및 섬유체적분율에 따른 에폭시 수지와 유리섬유 간의 젖음성 및 계면강도를 평가하였다. 정적 및 동적접촉각을 이용하여 사이징제가 다른 유리섬유와 에폭시 수지의 표면에너지를 계산하였고, 이를 활용하여 접착일을 계산하였다. 유리섬유 토우 캐필러리 시험법을 이용하여 젖음성을 평가하였고, 마이크로드롭렛 인발시험을 통해 계산된 계면전단강도를 이용하여 계면강도를 평가하였다. 최종적으로 젖음성과 계면강도를 활용하여 최적의 유리섬유강화 복합재료 제작 조건을 확인하였다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.148-151
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• 2001

The effect of main chain structure of anion-containing copolyesters on the properties of copolyester sizing agents was investigated. The copolyesters were prepared by conventional two step polymerization technique from DMT, DMI, DMS, EG, and DEG. The copolyesters synthesized were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, $^1$H-NMR Spectroscopy, GC, FTIR Spectroscopy, and DSC. The solubility decreased as the DMT content increased. The copolyesters having DMT:DMI = 1:1 showed the minimum viscosity. The effect of EG content on the solution stability was not clear and the samples having high DMI content showed better solution stability. The water resistance was best when only DMI and EG were used, while it was worst when DMT:DMI was 1:0.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2014

An oxidized starch was modified for surface sizing via etherification and esterification. Propylene oxide (PO), sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA), and acrylonitrile (AN) were used as etherification, and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), maleic anhydride (MA), fumaric acid (FA), and itaconic acid (ITA) were used for esterification. Esterification and etherification of starch decreased both Brookfield viscosity and Brabender viscosity substantially even though the solids level was increased by 2% from 14 to 16%. Surface sizing performance of starches in tensile strength, stiffness and compressive strength was improved by esterification and etherification of the oxidized starch. Especially, SMCA etherification was found to be the most effective modification method.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1987

This paper aims to examine the velocity of water absorption of cotton, hemp, and T/C fabrics sized by rice, wheat, potato, corn flour and pp.V.A.. Experimental variables such as the concentration of sizing agents, the moisture regain of unsized fabrics and the ironing temperature showed the following results. 1. When the fabrics were sized, the velocity of water absorption increased according to the order of corn, rice, potato, wheat flour and pp.V.A. for cotton fabrics, of corn, potato, rice, wheat flour and pp.V.A. for hemp fabrics, and of corn, wheat, rice, potato flour and pp.V.A. for T/C fabrics; corn flour showed the highest velocity of water absorption and pp.V.A. did the lowest among all the others mentioned above. 2. The higher fabric density, the higher velocity of water absorption. The finer the count of fabric yarn, the higher velocity of water absorption. 3. The material of sized fabrics most affected the velocity of water absorption than other factors of those. 4. To a certain extent, the higher the concentration of sizing agent, the higher the velocity of water absorption. 5. The fabrics with moisture regain of 20% before sizing showed the highest velocity of water absorption. 6. The ironing temperature after sizing fabrics mentioned below showed the highest velocity of water absorption; 180$^{\circ}C$ for cotton, 200$^{\circ}C$ for hemp, and 160$^{\circ}C$ for T/C fabrics.