• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2002

A series of 29 sampling with a 330 ${\mu}$m and a 64 ${\mu}$m mesh size of nets was conducted at a fixed station in Ilkwang Bay, southeast cost of Korea, from Oct, 2, 1991 to Oct. 10, 1992, to investigate the effects of mesh size of nets on biomass estimation of copepod Acartia steueri. The catch of copepodite and nauplius stages of A. steueli taken by two nets with different mesh size was different, showing that all developmental stages of A. steueri were retained on the 64 ${\mu}$m mesh net, but only $\geq$stage 4 copepodite were caught by the 330 ${\mu}$m mesh net. Abundance and biomass in each developmental stage estimated with the 64 ${\mu}$m mesh net were significantly higher than those of the 330 ${\mu}$m mesh net, except for adult female and stage 5 copepodite in female. The body length as well as the body width is likely to affect the catch of the nets. The mean biomass of A. steueli estimated with the traditional 330 ${\mu}$m net was 2.8 times lower than the value obtained with the 64 ${\mu}$m mesh net. However, the seasonal patterns of the biomass were comparable. These results suggest that accurate sampling strategr of the entire copepods assemblage including nauplii and copepodites are essential when estimating the abundance and biomass of copepods for the better understanding of the role of copepods in marine ecosystem.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2018

본 논문은 최근 3D 프린터가 새로운 창작툴로 디자이너들에게 관심을 받고 있으나 수익창출과 연결될 수 있는 비즈니스 모델에 대한 정보는 부족하다는 판단 하에, 커스터마이징(customizing)된 제품의 소량생산이라는 3D 프린터의 강점을 활용, 기존의 대량생산 체제에서는 작은 시장규모로 인하여 연령에 따른 다양한 크기를 시장에 제공치 못하고 있는 현 미취학 유아동 선글라스 제품을 3D 프린터로 실제작, 소규모 비즈니스 모델로의 확장이 가능한 실질적 예를 제시하는 것에 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 3D 프린팅 기술에 대한 기본정보와 선글라스의 기본구조를 요약한 후, 시력교정용 안경사이즈표를 분석하여 유아동 선글라스 제작을 위한 사이즈표를 도출하고 일련의 작업들을 진행한 뒤, 최종적으로 실제품을 제작비용과 함께 제시, 본 연구의 결과가 시장에서 경쟁력 있는 제품으로서 소규모 비즈니스 모델로의 확장이 가능한 실질적 예가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2022

Research studies on the scale effect on triaxial strength of intact rocks are scarce, being more common those in uniaxial strength. In this paper, the authors present and briefly interpret the peak and residual strength trends on a series of triaxial tests on different size specimens (30 mm to 84 mm diameter) of an intact granitic rock at confinements ranging from 0 to 15 MPa. Peak strength tends to grow from smaller to standard-size samples (54 mm) and then diminishes for larger values at low confinement. However, a slight change in strength is observed at higher confinements. Residual strength is observed to be much less size-dependent. Additionally, this study introduces preliminary modelling approaches of these laboratory observations with the help of three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) simulations based on bonded particle models (BPM). Based on previous studies, two modelling approaches have been followed. In the first one, the maximum and minimum particle diameter (D_max and D_min) are kept constant irrespective of the sample size, whereas in the second one, the resolution (number of particles within the sample or ϕ_v) was kept constant. Neither of these approaches properly represent the observations in actual laboratory tests, even if both of them show some interesting capabilities reported in this document. Eventually, some suggestions are provided to proceed towards improving modelling approaches to represent observed scale effects.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

폐타이어 분말 입경에 따른 폐타이어-저회 혼합토의 전단특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 건조된 저회 중량을 기준으로 5개의 폐타이어 분말 함량(0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%)과 3종류의 폐타이어 분말 입경(0.1mm~2.0mm, 0.9mm~5mm, 2mm~10mm)에 따라 공시체를 준비하였다. 직접전단시험을 수행한 결과 폐타이어-저회 혼합토의 역학적 특성은 폐타이어 분말 입경과 함량에 크게 의존하는 것을 알 수 있다. 폐타이어 분말 함량이 증가함에 따라 혼합토의 전단강도와 내부마찰각은 감소하나, 폐타이어 분말 입경이 커짐에 따라 입자간의 억물림 효과에 의해 전단강도와 내부마찰각은 증가하는 경향을 가진다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.934-941
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• 2002

철근콘크리트 보 단면의 극한강도를 예측할 때에는 부재의 크기를 고려하지 않는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 부재 단면의 휨압 축강도는 부재의 크기가 증가함에 따라 항상 감소하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 보에 대한 실험적 고찰을 통해 휨압축강도의 크기효과를 살펴보고 이에 대한 적절한 모델식을 제시하고자 한다. 보의 유효깊이(d$\approx$15, 30, 60cm)를 주요 매개변수로 하였으며 전단스팬/유효깊이(a/d)는 3.0으로 하였고 시편의 폭은 20 cm로 일정하게 하여 휨하중을 가하며 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에서 구한 하중, 변형률, 및 보의 처짐 등을 이용하여 휨압축응력-변형률 관계를 3차의 비선형 다항식을 이용한 회귀분석을 수행하여 구하였다. 분석 결과 보의 유효깊이가 증가함에 따라 휨압축강도, 최대 휨압축응력에서의 변형률, 그리고 극한변형률이 감소하며 취성적인 파괴거동을 나타내었다. 그리고 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 $\beta$l값과 보의 극한 변형률 값에 대해서도 크기효과가 있으므로 이에 대한 검토가 필요하다고 판단된다. 마지막으로 수정된 크기효과법칙을 사용하여 철근콘크리트 보의 휨압축강도에 대한 크기 효과모델식을 제시하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1971

The relative viscosities ${\eta}_r$ of a series of homologous tetraalkylammonium chlorides $Me_4NCl,\;Et_4NCl,\;Pr_4NCl\;and\;Bu_4NCl$ in a series of isopropanol-water mixtures have been determined at $30^{\circ}C$ using Ubbelohde-type viscometers. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of viscosity A-and B-coefficients calculated from the Jones-Dole equation, ${\eta}_r=1+AC^{1/2}+BC$. The results indicate that the structure-breaking effect of chloride ion is maximum at 0.l~0.15 mole fraction isopropanol, while the size effect(Einstein effect) of the larger $R_4N^+$ ions is maximum at 0.2~0.25 mole fraction. The results also indicate that in aqueous and water-rich solutions the larger $R_4N^+$ ions (e.g. $Pr_4N+, Bu_4N^+$) appear to be excellent structure-formers and that the viscosities of solutions is not strongly affected by the electrostriction effect of chloride ion.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2014

This paper studies a new three-level pulse-width modulation (PWM) resonant converter for high input voltage and high load current applications. In order to use high frequency power MOSFETs for high input voltage applications, a three-level DC converter with two clamped diodes and a flying capacitor is adopted in the proposed circuit. For high load current applications, the secondary sides of the proposed converter are connected in parallel to reduce the size of the magnetic core and copper windings and to decrease the current rating of the rectifier diodes. In order to share the load current and reduce the switch counts, three resonant converters with the same active switches are adopted in the proposed circuit. Two transformers with a series connection in the primary side and a parallel connection in the secondary side are adopted in each converter to balance the secondary side currents. To overcome the drawback of a wide range of switching frequencies in conventional series resonant converters, the duty cycle control is adopted in the proposed circuit to achieve zero current switching (ZCS) turn-off for the rectifier diodes and zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on for the active switches. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.726-728
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 채널의 두께 변화에 따른 Double Gate MOSFET의 문턱전압특성을 분석 하였다. 채널의 두께는 소자의 크기를 결정할 뿐만 아니라 단채널효과에도 커다란 영향을 미치므로 IC 설계시 매우 중요한 파라미터이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 급수형 전하분포를 이용하여 채널두께에 따른 DGMOSFET의 문턱전압을 분석하였으며 이를 통해 채널의 두께가 증가할수록 문턱전압은 감소한다는 결과를 얻었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 재36권6호
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• pp.643-656
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• 2020

This article presents a comprehensive static analysis of simply supported cross-ply carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminated nanobeams under various loading profiles. The nonlocal strain gradient constitutive relation is exploited to present the size-dependence of nano-scale. New higher shear deformation beam theory with hyperbolic function is proposed to satisfy the zero-shear effect at boundaries and parabolic variation through the thickness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as the reinforced elements, are distributed through the beam thickness with different distribution functions, which are, uniform distribution (UD-CNTRC), V- distribution (FG-V CNTRC), O- distribution (FG-O CNTRC) and X- distribution (FG-X CNTRC). The equilibrium equations are derived, and Fourier series function are used to solve the obtained differential equation and get the response of nanobeam under uniform, linear or sinusoidal mechanical loadings. Numerical results are obtained to present influences of CNTs reinforcement patterns, composite laminate structure, nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, geometric parameters on center deflection ad stresses of CNTRC laminated nanobeams. The proposed model is effective in analysis and design of composite structure ranging from macro-scale to nano-scale.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.351-355
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• 2016

Welding machines are high-capacity systems used in a low-frequency range using IGBT. As their system is similar to a large transformer, most welding machines suffer a great loss because of hard switching and vast leakage inductance. A voltage-balancing circuit is designed to overcome these shortcomings. This circuit can reduce the transformer size by making it into a high frequency and reducing the input voltage by half and by adopting a serial structure that connects two full-bridges in a series to use a MOSFET with a good property at high frequency. In addition, a Schottky diode is used in the primary rectifier to overcome the low efficiency of most welding machines. To use the Schottky diode with a reliably relatively low withstanding voltage, an active snubber is adopted to effectively limit the ringing voltage of the diode cut-off voltage.